药物治疗犬疥螨病比较试验

为了评估对犬疥螨病的治疗效果,将80只确诊为犬疥螨病的病犬随机分为4组,每组20只.第1组用阿维菌素加杀螨灵治疗；第2组用阿维菌素加双甲脒治疗；第3组用伊维菌素加杀螨灵治疗；第4组用伊维菌素加双甲脒治疗.结果表明,第1组治愈率为85％,第2组治愈率为80％,第3组治愈率为90％,第4组治愈率为95％.结果表明第4组的治...     

犬疥螨病的诊断及治疗研究

为了评估犬疥螨病的治疗方法,在动物医院实习期间,接诊到60只疑似疥螨病患犬,通过直接制片法、加热法、离心沉淀法、漂浮法进行诊断,最终将确诊为患疥螨病的56只病犬随机分为四组,每组14只,四组分别采用伊维菌素、阿维菌素、双甲脒和伊维菌素配合双甲脒进行治疗。结果表明采用离心沉淀法进行诊断时检出率最高,为93.33%;所使用的四种治疗药物均能有效杀死疥螨,但以伊维菌素配合双甲脒、动物浴液治疗效果最好,治愈率为92.85%。     

兔螨病的诊断与治疗

兔螨病通常是由兔疥螨和兔痒螨寄生于兔的表皮内或体表所引起以皮肤损伤、搔痒、消瘦、中耳炎、石灰脚为主的一种慢性接触性寄生虫病.笔者对四川省桂花镇某养殖场的一起兔螨病进行了诊断与治疗.根据流行病学、临床症状、病理变化,结合实验室诊断,确诊为疥螨和痒螨混合感染,部分病例因抓伤引起溶血性链球菌病造成死亡.采用伊维菌素、灭虫丁、双甲脒、敌百虫等杀虫药结合抗菌消炎进行比较治疗,结果表明,伊维菌素结合抗菌消炎对兔螨病的治愈率达到100%.     

米尔贝肟对犬蠕形螨的临床疗效试验

为了研究米尔贝肟对犬蠕形螨的临床疗效,通过对照、平行试验,将15只临床自然感染犬蠕形螨病犬分为5组,每组3只。A组:伊维菌素组(药物对照组):每天单次口服0.5 mg/kg;B至D组为米尔贝肟组(试验组):每天分别单次口服0.5、1.5和2.5 mg/kg(临床推荐剂量的1、3、5倍);E组:犬蠕形螨病组(未用药对照组)。其中,伊维菌素组由0.1 mg/kg开始逐日加到指定剂量并延续。试验持续4个月。结果:米尔贝肟和伊维菌素对犬蠕形螨都有效,临床症状均有缓解。但A组在治疗第3个月出现治愈犬,试验结束时治愈率达67%,B、C和D组在治疗第2个月便有犬治愈,试验结束时B组治愈率为67%,C、D组治愈率100%。在给药期间,犬各项生理指标未见明显变化。本研究为探寻治疗犬蠕形螨提供了更为安全有效的治疗途径,缓解了目前国内治疗犬蠕形螨病药物局限且毒副作用较大的尴尬局面。     

伊维菌素注射液、浇泼剂与敌百虫溶液治疗新西兰兔疥螨病的效果观察

将患疥螨病的新西兰兔100只,随机分成A、B、C、D、E 5组,每组20只,A组按每千克体重皮下注射0.2 mg伊维菌素治疗,间隔10d重复1次;B组用伊维菌素浇泼剂溶液直接喷浇涂抹在患病部位,1日1次,连用3d;C组先用伊维菌素浇泼剂溶液直接喷浇涂抹2 d后再按每千克体重皮下注射0.2 mg伊维菌素治疗1次;D组用2%浓度敌百虫溶液对患部涂擦,每天2次,连用3 d;E组用2%浓度敌百虫溶液涂擦2 d后再按每千克体重皮下注射0.2 mg伊维菌素治疗1次。结果表明,5组治愈率分别为85%、90%、100%、75%、100%。A组增重14.3%,B组增重18.9%,C组增重20.3%,D组增重11.1%,E组增重20.0%。经方差分析,C组、E组分别与A组、B组、D组间差异极显著(P<0.01);C组与E组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验得出以伊维菌素+浇泼剂组和伊维菌素+敌百虫组效果显著。     

犬蠕形螨病的治疗体会

犬蠕形螨病是临床上一种常见的较顽固的皮肤病。笔者主要采用伊维菌素注射法并配合双甲脒乳剂药浴法治疗该病,治疗效果确实,值得推广使用。     

不同组别伊维菌素注射液、浇泼剂与敌百虫溶液治疗新西兰兔疥螨病的效果观察

将患疥螨病的新西兰兔100只,随机分成A、B、C、D、E 5个组,每组20只,A组用按每千克体重皮下注射0.2mg伊维菌素治疗,间隔10d重复1次;B组用伊维菌素浇泼剂溶液直接喷浇涂抹在患病部位,每日1次,连用3d;C组先用伊维菌素浇泼剂溶液直接喷浇涂抹2d后再按每千克体重皮下注射0.2mg伊维菌素治疗1次;D组用2%浓度敌百虫溶液对患病兔患部涂搽,每日2次,连用3d;E组用2%浓度的敌百虫溶液涂搽2天后,再按每千克体重皮下注射0.2mg伊维菌素治疗1次。其结果各组治愈率分别为85%、90%、100%、75%、100%。A组增重14.3%,B组增重18.9%,C组增重20.3%,D组增重11.1%,E组增重20.0%。经检验,C组、E组分别与A组、B组、D组比较差异极显著(P<0.01);C组与E组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验得出以伊维菌素+浇泼剂组和伊维菌素+敌百虫组效果显著的结论。     

犬常见皮肤病的诊治

1∪＜し舨〉募鹫锒?(见表 )2　治疗2 1　犬疥螨病、犬耳痒螨病的治疗　治疗螨病药物较多 ,但临床上用以下两种药物配合治疗效果较确实。一是用伊维菌素 (伊力佳、止痒灵、敌螨净 )按每千克体重 0 2毫克颈部皮下注射 ,必要时同时肌注地塞米松 ;二是用双甲脒 (特敌克 )涂搽患部或稀释后洗全身皮肤。用法 :先用肥皂水洗 ,刮去污垢和痂皮 ,再用双甲脒按 2 5 0× 10 -6现兑水擦洗全身。注意 :治疗螨病一定要根据螨虫的发育史 ,对病犬间隔 7～ 10天用药一次 ,重复治疗 2～ 3次。治疗同时还必须使用 3 %烧碱水等消毒药彻底消毒犬舍和用具。…     

桔皮素乙酰酯对兔耳痒螨药效试验

将桔皮素乙酰酯制成１％乳浊液,再稀释成一定倍数进行家兔耳痒螨离体药效试验。结果浓度为０．１％～０．０２％的乳浊液在２～１０ｍｉｎ杀死家兔耳痒螨;用１％桔皮素乙酰酯酒精溶液滴耳治疗兔耳痒螨病,结果用药１～２次,７ｄ明显好转,１４ｄ耳道瘕皮脱落完全治愈。     

桔皮素衍生物对离体兔耳痒螨药效筛选试验

将桔皮素化学结构改造后获得的７种衍生物制成乳浊液含桔皮素１２．５％,再按要求稀释至所需浓度,对离体兔耳痒螨进行药效筛选试验。结果新衍生物有较好的杀螨作用,效果优于灭螨灵,与双甲脒、螨净相近。试验表明,０．０２％的磺酸取代物在４０ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭,０．０５％桔皮素的溴取代物－１、溴取代物－２、碳酸酯、甲基酮－１和甲基酮－２分别在３５、３０、２０、１６和４０ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭,０．０５％和０．０２％的桔皮素乙酰酯分别在５和１０ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭。对照药品灭螨灵、螨净在０．０２％浓度时分别在１５和１４ｍｉｎ内将螨虫全部杀灭。     

橘皮素乙酰酯致突变性研究

橘皮素乙酰酯是搐皮素结构改造后获得的衍生物，是一种新型杀螨药物，通过Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验，考察了橘皮素乙酰酯的致突变性。结果：在活化与非活化条件下，诱发TA97、TA98、TAl00和TAl02的回变菌落数与自发回变菌落数相近，无剂量反应关系；各试验组微核率(2．20‰～2．40‰)与阴性(2．00‰)和溶剂对照组(1．88‰)相近；精子畸形率(2．48％～2．72％)与阴性(2．36％)和溶剂对照组(2．06％)比较也无显著差异。表明橘皮素乙酰酯无致突变性．     

Efficacy of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz for the treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs

A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (ProMeris/ProMeris Duo for Dogs, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated for efficacy against sarcoptic mange mites in naturally infested dogs. Sixteen dogs were allocated to two equal groups and were housed individually. Eight of the dogs were treated topically with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate (20mg/kg of each of metaflumizone and amitraz, at a dose volume of 0.133ml/kg) on Days 0 and 28. The other eight were treated with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the proposed minimum dose rate on Days 0, 14, 28 and 42. To enumerate Sarcoptes scabiei mites, skin scrapings were taken on each of Days 2, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Clinical signs of mange and the extent of sarcoptic lesions were evaluated on each dog when scrapings were made. Evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment was based on the absence of mites supported by the absence of clinical signs associated with canine sarcoptic mange. Treatment with metaflumizone plus amitraz at the minimum proposed dose rate at monthly (two treatments) or two-weekly (four treatments) intervals resulted in a rapid reduction of mites and improved clinical signs. The overall cure rates at Day 56, based on zero mite counts and/or resolution of clinical signs were 75% and 83% of dogs for the monthly and two-weekly regimens, respectively.     

New approaches to the treatment of canine demodicosis.

Topical amitraz is the only approved treatment for CGD; however, it is not always effective or well tolerated. Extra-label use of amitraz, milbemycin oxime, ivermectin, and moxidectin may be effective therapeutical alternatives for dogs with resistant CGD or dogs that have an intolerance to the licensed amitraz protocol. It appears that oral administration of milbemycin oxime (1-2 mg/kg), ivermectin (400-600 micrograms/kg), and moxidectin (400 micrograms/kg) daily is a practical therapeutical alternative and would provide similar cure rates. Nevertheless, milbemycin oxime is expensive, ivermectin is potentially more toxic, and only limited information is available on moxidectin. The average treatment duration with these new regimens is 4 months, with an expected range of 3 to 10 months. Treatment should be administered daily for a minimum of 3 months and for at least 1 month after a series of negative skin scrapings. For chronic cases or cases that take a relatively long time to respond to therapy, 2 to 3 months of treatment beyond negative scrapings may be more appropriate. Dogs with CGD always approach clinical normalcy weeks to months before negative skin scrapings are obtained. All dogs respond at their own rate; as long as the skin scrapings at each visit show fewer mites, the current therapy should be continued for an additional month. If the mite count starts to increase, this may suggest that the treatment protocol is not being followed or it may be that the therapy chosen was suboptimally effective. Although CGD is still a disease that is not easily treated, the prognosis for dogs with this disorder has dramatically improved in the past few years. It must be remembered, however, that the treatment alternatives for CGD described above are not approved and should not be used unless the approved therapeutical regimen has failed.     

中药犬螨灵对犬蠕形螨的疗效试验

为筛选具有显著治疗犬蠕形螨的中药制剂,试验将中药小茴香、蛇床子、羊蹄根采用水煮醇沉及蒸馏等提取方法制备成中药制剂犬螨灵,并观察其对犬蠕形螨的疗效。将犬螨灵设为高、中、低3个浓度,其生药含量分别为2.0、1.0和0.5 g/mL,采用点滴法进行体外抑杀蠕形螨试验,在此基础上对12只接种蠕形螨的试验犬进行治疗试验,为验证治疗效果,对临床上已确诊的45只患有蠕形螨的病犬分3组进行临床治疗试验。结果显示,中药犬螨灵3种剂量均有较强的体外抑杀螨虫作用,高剂量组作用后4 h即可完全抑杀蠕形螨,1%伊维菌素对照组则为作用后8 h;高剂量组在治疗3周后,患处有大量新毛生长,红疹结节和皮屑消失,患处皮肤已痊愈,1%伊维菌素治疗组患犬皮肤好转,仅有少量新毛生长,不能达到痊愈标准;高、中剂量组皮肤刮取物螨虫数量平均比例及停药1个月后复发率均为0,1%伊维菌素治疗组皮肤刮取物螨虫数量平均比例及停药1月后的复发率分别为10.63%和9.17%。高剂量中药犬螨灵与1%伊维菌素两种药物联合治疗组,对临床上患病犬进行3周治疗,其虫卵平均转阴率、治愈率与平均治愈天数分别为100.00%、93.33%和19.56 d,其效果均优于中药犬螨灵与1%伊维菌素单独治疗组。结果表明,高剂量自制中药制剂犬螨灵对犬蠕形螨体外抑杀作用、接种蠕形螨试验犬与临床自然感染病例均有显著的治疗效果,优于1%伊维菌素对照组,犬螨灵作为中药杀螨虫制剂具有较好的市场开发前景。     

Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine Canine Acariasis Spirit on Demodex canis

In order to screen the Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of Demodex canis, canine acariasis spirit was prepared by Foeniculum vulgare, Fructus cnidii and Bauhinia by water alcohol precipitation and distillation extraction methods. To observe the effect on Demodex canis, canine acariasis spirit was set to high, medium and low concentrations, the content of crude drug were 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g/mL, respectively. The experiment of killing Demodex canis was carried out by drop method. On this basis, 12 dogs inoculated with Demodex canis were treated. In order to verify the therapeutic effect, 45 clinically diagnosed dogs with Demodex canis were divided into three groups. The results showed that 3 doses of the traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit all had strong inhibition effect to kill mites, the high dose group could completely kill Demodex canis only 4 h after treatment, the action of 1% ivermectin control group was 8 h after treatment; 3 weeks later, a large number of new hair grew, rash and skin nodules disappeared, the skin lesion had healed in the affected area of high dose group, in 1% ivermectin treatment group, the dog skin improved, only a small amount of new hair grew, it couldn't cure standard; In the high and middle dose group, the average number of the ratio of skin scraping mites and the recurrence rate after drug withdrawal was 0 in one month later; The average number of mites proportion and recurrence rates of skin scrapings in 1% ivermectin treatment group were 10.63% and 9.17% in one month later; After 3 weeks of treatment, the total average eggs negative rate, cure rate and average cure days were 100.00%, 93.33% and 19.56 d in high dose traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit and 1% ivermectin combined treatment group, the results were better than the traditional Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit and 1% ivermectin alone treatment group. The results showed that the effect of the high dose group self-made Chinese medicine canine acariasis spirit on killing Demodex canis in vitro, inoculation of Demodex canis and clinical therapeutic effect of natural infection cases were significantly better than 1% ivermectin control group, canine acariasis spirit as a traditional Chinese medicine preparation would have a good market development prospects.     

Control of cattle mange in southern africa using ivermectin

Seven trials including 768 cattle were conducted in South Africa and Namibia to evaluate the efficacy of the systemic parasiticide ivermectin when administered subcutaneously at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg against sarcoptic (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis), chorioptic (Chorioptes bovis) and psoroptic (Psoroptes ovis var. bovis) mange mites. The efficacy of a single treatment against Psoroptes and Sarcoptes was greater than against Chorioptes. There was marked clinical cure in all treated cases with loss of crusts and hair regrowth. The number of cases of psoroptic mange in two large herds, of which 42.4% of 724 animals were clinically affected prior to mass treatment, was reduced by 99.3% following a single subcutaneous treatment with ivermectin; a single animal from which mites were recovered may not have been treated. The apparent prevalence and prospects for control and eradication of cattle mange in South Africa and Namibia are discussed.     

Demodicosis in red-handed tamarins (Saguinus midas).

Two nonrelated but paired red-handed tamarins (Saguinus midas) presented with diffuse, multifocal, raised, nonpruritic, hyperkeratotic lesions on the appendages and face. Skin biopsies identified acarids and skin scrapings confirmed demodex-like mites. The animals were treated with ivermectin, at the endoparasite dose, which initially resulted in resolution of clinical signs; however, signs recurred after numerous treatments. After four treatments with amitraz dips, demodicosis lesions resolved.     

地克珠利和鲜尔康对獭兔肝型球虫病的疗效

为验证地克珠利和鲜尔康对兔球虫的治疗效果,对患病幼獭兔进行了流行病学调查、临床诊断和病理剖检及实验室诊断。对确诊为獭兔肝球虫病的427只獭兔用地克珠利(质量浓度为0.002%饮水)和鲜尔康拌料给药,连续使用5d,给药后的15d内有11只死亡,整个兔群的病情好转,治愈率为97.42%。结果证明,用地克株力配合鲜尔康等治疗獭兔肝球虫病效果较好。     

米尔贝肟对自然感染疥螨病犬的治疗效果

为了评价米尔贝肟对临床自然感染疥螨犬的治疗效果,选用自然感染疥螨犬65例,随机选择5条服用伊维菌素,另外60条随机分为3组,分别服用高剂量(2g/kg体重)、中剂量(1g/kg体重)、低剂量(0.5g/kg体重)的米尔贝肟。给药后2、14、28、42d和56d,刮取皮屑,检查螨虫和虫卵,同时观察临床症状。试验结束时米尔贝肟高剂量组、伊维菌素组的无螨虫犬的比例和螨虫的下降率均为100%,临床症状如红疹、结痂、过度角化等现象均消失,所有动物毛发都开始大范围重生;米尔贝肟中、低剂量组结果稍差。米尔贝肟按2g/kg体重剂量,每周1次,连续用药3周,给药对自然感染疥螨病犬有很好的治疗效果。