高粱新病害顶腐病的初步研究

 我国高粱上发生的新病害顶腐病是由亚粘团串珠镰孢(Fusarinm moniliforme var.subglutinans Wr.&Reink.)侵染引起的。病菌生长的适宜温度为25~30℃,适宜pH值为6~8。小型分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为25~28℃,适宜pH值为6~7。病菌在Bilai培养基上,pH4~11间均易产生大型分生孢子。黑光灯和日光灯照射对大型分生孢子形成有促进作用,且黑光灯优于日光灯;在光照处理下最适宜产生大型孢子的培养基为小麦粒和高粱粒。病菌在PSA培养基上培养10~12天后可产生厚垣孢子。病菌能利用多种碳源,以半乳糖、甘露糖为佳,乳糖、木糖、葡萄糖次之。对氮源利用远不及碳源。人工接种条件下,病菌能侵染高粱、苏丹草、哥伦布草、玉米、谷子、珍珠粟、薏苡、水稻、燕麦、小麦、狗尾草等禾本科植物。     

我国玉米新病害顶腐病的研究初报

 本文报道了我国玉米上的一种新病害玉米顶腐病,是由串珠镰孢亚粘团变种(Fusarium moniliforme var.subglutinans Wr.&Reink)侵染所致。人工接种玉米后表现与田间自然发病症状一致,除侵染玉米外,尚能侵染高粱、苏丹草、谷子、小麦、水稻、珍珠粟等禾本科作物引起顶腐病,并可侵染狗尾草和马唐草等植物。病菌生长的适宜温度25~30℃,最适为28℃;大、小2型分生孢子萌发适宜温度均为25~30℃。木糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖和菊糖均是病菌生长的良好碳源。适宜病菌生长的培养基为Richard's、PDA、PSA、玉米粉和燕麦片培养基。田间发病程度因地势而异,低洼易涝地和园田地发病重、坡地和高岗地发病轻。     

水稻紫鞘病病原及其侵染規律的研究

 水稻紫鞘病是我国南方稻区生产上的一个新问题,发生面广,为害较重。经1978~1984年的研究,找到了引起紫鞘的病原茵是Acrocylindrium oryzae。带菌种子是本病的主要初次侵染来源;保存在干燥状态下的病稻草也有传病作用,稻田后期的某些虫、螨,可以传播病菌。紫鞘病病原菌的主要侵染方式是系统侵染。水稻孕穗期喷雾接菌,也能形成紫鞘,但注射法伤口接种时,大多形成虎纹斑烂鞘。因此,紫鞘是水稻叶鞘腐败病的又一种典型症状。病菌生长与产生孢子的适温为25~30℃。孕穗期接菌,其潜育期:30℃为1天,25~28℃为2天,23℃为3天,19℃为4天。     

荔枝炭疽病菌生物学特性的研究

 本文主要研究了温度、湿度、pH值、光照、营养对荔枝炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.)生长、产孢和孢子萌发的影响。该菌菌丝生长的温度范围为8~38℃,最适28℃;产生分生孢子的温度范围为12~36℃,最适28~32℃;分生孢子萌发的温度范围为8~38℃,最适28~32℃。在pH 3~10的范围内该菌均能生长和产孢,菌丝生长最适pH 5~6;产生分生孢子最适pH3~4,分生孢子萌发最适pH 6~7。分生孢子在饱和湿度或水滴中萌发快,相对湿度低于85%时不能萌发。光照处理对该菌生长发育无显著性影响。葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、果糖对分生孢子萌发有促进作用。分生孢子的致死温度为50℃ 10 min,菌丝体的致死温度为60℃ 30 min。     

向日葵霜霉病研究

 向日葵霜霉病菌Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl.&de Toni在5-25℃条件下均可侵染寄主,以10-15℃为侵染适温。对不向苗龄幼苗进行人工接种,3-14天的幼苗均被侵染,3天幼苗为最感病,发病率随植株苗龄增大而递减。病菌侵入寄主后,在恒温15℃、20℃、25℃ 4组及变温8℃和15℃、13℃和20℃、18℃和25℃、23℃和30℃条件下均可发病,恒温20℃及变温13℃和20℃发病率最高,恒温30℃及变温28℃和35℃不发病。     

浙江省舟山市藠头炭疽病病原及其生物学特性研究

根据致病性测定、病菌培养性状及病原形态研究结果,引起蕌头炭疽病的病原是葱炭疽菌(Colletotritrum circinans(Berk.)Vogl.)。适宜病菌生长的温度范围为25～30℃,pH值为4～7;分生孢子萌发的适宜温度范围为25～30℃,pH值为4～8。在碳源中,以对葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、麦芽糖、鼠李糖和淀粉的利用为佳,而半乳糖、山梨糖、甘露醇、木糖和菊糖不利病菌的生长;有机氮源优于无机氮源,但单独应用有机或无机氮作为营养均不适于此病菌的生长;在人工接种条件下,病菌可侵染葱、洋葱和韭等葱属植物。     

高粱新病害顶腐病的初步研究

我国高粱上发生的新病害顶腐病是由亚粘团串珠镰孢(Fusarinm moniliforme var. subglutinans Wr.＆Reink.)侵染引起的。病菌生长的适宜温度为25～30℃,适宜pH值为6～8。小型分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为25～28℃,适宜pH值为6～7。病菌在Bilai培养基上,pH4～11间均易产生大型分生孢子。黑光灯和日光灯照射对大型分生孢子形成有促进作用,且黑光灯优于日光灯;在光照处理下最适宜产生大型孢子的培养基为小麦粒和高粱粒。病菌在PSA培养基上培养10～12天后可产生厚垣孢子。病菌能利用多种碳源,以半乳糖、甘露糖为佳,乳糖、木糖、葡萄糖次之。对氮源利用远不及碳源。人工接种条件下,病菌能侵染高粱、苏丹草、哥伦布草、玉米、谷子、珍珠粟、薏苡、水稻、燕麦、小麦、狗尾草等禾本科植物。     

芦笋茎枯病发生规律及防治研究

芦笋茎枯病菌以分生孢子器在病株残茬上越冬,成为翌年发病的主要初侵染源。分生孢子释放高峰为4月26日至7月9日。分生孢子释放、萌发、侵染必须在有水的条件下进行。孢子萌发需有芦笋组织液做营养激发,在清水中不萌发。病菌从侵入到形成新的分生孢子一个侵染周期在23—27℃为10—12天,17—22℃为15—20天。采笋田茎枯病发生发展经过扩展期(7月—8月上旬),盛发期(8月中旬—9月)两个阶段。雨日雨量是决定茎枯病消长流行的主导因素,降雨后5—7天田间即出现一次新侵染高峰,大雨或连阴雨后尤为明显,秋季早上植株结露有利茎枯病菌后期侵染。在化学防治上,日本产别腐烂(Befran)和国产复方多菌灵胶悬剂是防治芦笋茎枯病较理想药剂。     

杨树水泡型溃疡病的发生及病原菌生物学特性的研究

 杨树水泡型溃疡病分布广泛,严重为害杨树。分生孢子是主要的侵染源。病菌由伤口、皮孔或表皮侵入寄主。每年5~6月为春季发病高峰,9月为秋季发病高峰,秋季发病较春季为重。孢子的飞散高峰在8~9月。病害的消长与降雨量和相对湿度密切相关,雨季孢子飞散较多,分生孢子萌发的最适温度为25~30℃,子囊孢子萌发的最适温度为20~30℃。分生孢子萌发要求水分,在黑暗下发芽率高。病原可潜伏侵染,一般在2~3年生枝干上侵染较多,7~9月是潜伏侵染的高峰。除杨树外,还能为害多种阔叶树。病原在麦芽糖和蛋白胨培养基中菌丝生长较旺盛,在蔗糖和硝酸钾培养基中有利于分生孢子器形成,杨树树皮汁液能促进分生孢子发芽。     

梨胶锈菌的重寄生菌研究Ⅳ重寄生菌的越冬、传播及侵入

 本文报道了梨胶锈菌(Gymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe ex Yamada)的重寄生菌(Tuberculina vinosa Sacc.)越冬、传播及侵入的研究结果。重寄生菌在自然条件下以分生孢子在其寄生部位越冬;经150天后,其孢子萌发率为29.5%;分生孢子随气流传播;孢子萌发形成芽管经性子器口和锈子器口侵入,不能直接侵入;完成侵入所需最短时间为10小时;在14~12℃下,潜育期为12~7天。在梨胶锈菌发生期,重寄生菌可发生多次再侵入。     

葡萄座腔菌候选效应子抑制了Bax诱导的PCD反应并促进烟草疫霉的侵染

 轮纹病是苹果生产中发生严重又难以防治的病害。为探究致病机理,本研究选择葡萄座腔菌的3个候选效应子进行研究。农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达显示,Bdo_01520、Bdo_11198、Bdo_11545都能够完全抑制Bax诱导的烟草PCD反应。酵母分泌系统测试表明3个候选效应子的信号肽都具有外泌活性。qRT-PCR测定候选效应子在葡萄座腔菌ZY7有伤接种苹果果实后的相对表达量,结果显示3个基因在病菌侵染36~72 h上调表达。在本生烟中瞬时表达Bdo_11198显著促进了烟草疫霉的侵染,并降低了疫霉菌侵染后本生烟中活性氧的积累。结果表明,葡萄座腔菌候选效应子可以通过影响植物的PCD反应和过氧化氢积累促进病原菌的侵染,研究结果为进一步研究葡萄座腔菌的致病机制提供了基础。     

葡萄座腔菌侵染柑橘果实的报道

 柑橘生长中后期、运输和贮藏期间由真菌危害造成的烂果现象十分普遍。2016年对采集自江西赣州果园的柑橘病果进行了组织分离、柯赫氏法则验证和病原菌鉴定,明确病原菌为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)。进一步发现该病菌可以侵染苹果枝干和果实,引起腐烂。这是首次关于B. dothidea侵染柑橘果实的报道。     

引起甜樱桃叶斑病的葡萄座腔菌的鉴定

Cherry leaf spot disease is one of the most common diseases of sweet cherry. In 2018 and 2019, a leaf spot symptom was observed on sweet cherry in Beijing city, Shandong province and Liaoning province, and the pathogen fungi were isolated from diseased samples. Seven fungal isolates (JZB310197-JZB310203) were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea according to morphological characteristics and multi-gene (ITS, EF 1-α and TUB2) phylogenetic analysis. To fulfill the Koch′s postulation, pathogenicity assay was carried out on detached leaves and tissue cultured seedlings. The inoculation results showed that all isolates were pathogenic to cherry leaves, proving that B. dothidea was a pathogen of cherry leaf spot disease. This is the first report of B. dothidea causing leaf spot of sweet cherry in China.     

灰枣红点软腐病病原菌的鉴定

 The damage and symptoms of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng, Henan Province, were investigated from 2006 to 2008, and the pathogen was identified based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS se-quence of ribosome DNA. The results showed that the aerial mycelium of colony was white in color in the first four days, then turned gray after incubation on PDA for 5-6 d at 25℃ and became black two weeks later. The mycelia grew luxuriantly with velvet character. The pycnidium was flask-shaped with a height of 196.9μm and a width of 213.3μm on the avereage. The conidium was colorless with single cell and had the shape of spindle, its size was (15.0-20.0)μm× (4.5-6.5)μm. The conidiophore was fastigiate. The homology of ITS sequence of ribosome DNA between the tested strain NXK and Botryosphaeria dothidea (GenBank ac-cession number:AJ938005) reached 99.87%, with a difference of only two base pairs. Based on the results of both morphological characters and molecular identification, the pathogen of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng was identified as B. dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. et de Not..     

广西玉林市番石榴焦腐病的病原菌鉴定

In October 2019, guava (Psidium guajava) fruits were collected from Yulin, Guangxi, after kept indoors for 2-3 days, brown lesions were found on the blossom-end of the fruits with water-soaked haloes around the lesions. A lot of needle tip-sized dots produced at the centre of the lesions, which were subglobose pycnidia, and the conidia were colorless and nearly fusiform. Single spore strains were obtained by isolation and purification, and YLWB-BD01 was selected as representative strain for pathogenicity assay. After wound inoculation, similar symptoms with natural occurrence appeared. The fungus had the same morphological characteristics with YLWB-BD01 was re-isolated from the lesions. BLAST analysis of ITS, EF-1α and β-Tub sequences of YLWB-BD01 shown 100% homology with Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not. Phylogenetic tree constructed by the concatenated sequences of ITS～EF-1α～β-Tub sequences shown that the strain YLWB-BD01 was clustered together with B. dothidea (CMW8000). Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis results, the pathogenic fungus causing guava black-rot was identified as B. dothidea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of guava black-rot caused by B. dothidea in China.     

陕西石榴枝条干腐病的病原鉴定

正石榴干腐病是我国石榴生产中的重要病害,主要危害花器、果实和枝干,造成落花落果、枝干枯死,严重制约石榴产业发展~([1])。陕西临潼是我国石榴五大主产区之一,石榴干腐病非常严重。本实验室自2007年开始研究陕西石榴干腐病的病原菌及其防控,曾于2011年报道陕西临潼石榴果实干腐病(脓包果)是由石榴垫壳孢菌(Coniella granati)引起~([2]),这与希腊~([3])、韩国~([4])等关于该病病原菌的报道一致。近年来发现石榴枝条干腐病在该地区的发生也非常严     

我国主产区猕猴桃采后腐烂病病原多样性研究

猕猴桃采后腐烂在我国发生普遍.本试验对来自陕西、四川、湖北、山东和江西五省的773个猕猴桃病果进行组织分离,获得739个真菌分离株.经ITS序列比对及代表菌株的科赫式法则验证,确定其中722个菌株为猕猴桃采后腐烂病病原,属于以下11个属:Botryosphaeria、Diaporthe、Neofusicoccum、Al...     

珍珠李枝枯病病原鉴定及致病性测定

In order to confirm the pathogen of branch blight on pearl plum and its virulence, 14 samples were collected from Guangxi and Guizhou Province, and 21 isolates were obtained and were identified as Botryosphaeriaceae. The results of colony morphology, conidial observation and molecular identification of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (EFl-α) showed that the pathogens of branch blight on pearl plum were Botryosphaeria dothidea (66.67%), Neofusicoccum parvum (19.05%), N. algeriense (9.52%), and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (4.76%). The pathogenicity of different species of Botryosphaeriaceae was tested by mycelial dishes inoculation, and it was found that typical isolates of the four species were pathogenic, among which L. pseudotheobromae was the most virulent one and B. dothidea was the weakest one. This is the first report that L. pseudotheobromae causes branch blight on pearl plum.     

核盘菌科一新种—细辛核盘菌

 细辛核盘菌,Sclerotinia asari Wuet C.R.waug,是核盘菌属的一个新种。它能为害细辛的根、茎、叶、果等各个部分发生毁灭性的菌核疫病。它的主要寄主是细辛;其形态特征、生物学特性均与S.sclerotiorum不同。菌丝体无色,有分隔,宽3.0~7.5微米。菌核大小差异很大,较大的为17~30×20毫米;较小的为0.4×0.3毫米。一颗菌核可萌生子囊盘1~9枚,子囊盘鲜褐色,直径为3~20毫米,柄长5~70毫米。子囊棍棒状,无色,10.25×165.0×7.5~10.0微米。子囊孢子单胞、无色、长椭圆形,10.0~17.5×4.3~7.5微米。附着胞球形,无色,直径3~5微米。并做了中文与拉丁文的形态描述。     

来源于湖北省梨轮纹病菌中真菌病毒多样性检测及其分析

 一些真菌病毒严重影响寄主生长、产孢量、致病力。本研究对来源于湖北梨轮纹病菌携带真菌病毒情况进行分析,旨在挖掘具有生防潜能的真菌病毒资源。随机采集湖北省梨树发病枝干,分离、鉴定获得13个梨轮纹病菌株,其生长速率、致病性存在差异。提取dsRNA检测,发现12个菌株均携带不同大小的dsRNA片段。观察其dsRNA带型,HBWH-14 dsRNA含有1~7 kb 9条带,其他菌株携带的dsRNA条带位置均位于HBWH-14所含dsRNA带型中的某1条或多条对应的条带位置。RT-PCR检测发现部分菌株携带产黄青霉病毒BdCV1、双分体病毒BdPV1、单分体病毒BdTV1以及未分类的BdRV1。本研究未发现梨轮纹菌株所含病毒种类与致病力存在直接的相关性。HBWH-14原生质体脱毒获得后代100%携带的dsRNAs稳定遗传。