水蛭素对猪精液冻后质量的影响

试验用含不同浓度(0、0.02%、0.04%、0.06%、0.08%、0.10%、0.12%)水蛭素的稀释液稀释美系公猪精液,并以0.25mL细管分装冷冻。结果显示:(1)水蛭素浓度为0、0.02%时在冻后精子畸形率或水蛭素浓度为0、0.12%时冻后精子顶体完整率上存在明显的品种效应(P0.05);(2)3种公猪各浓度组(除大约克和杜洛克公猪0.02%浓度组外)冻后精子活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且均在浓度为0.08%时最高;除了长白公猪0.02%浓度组冻后精子畸形率显著低于对照组(P0.05)外,3种公猪各浓度组与对照组差异均不显著(P0.05);大约克公猪各试验组、杜洛克公猪0.08%浓度组及长白公猪0.02%、0.06%及0.08%浓度组冻后精子顶体完整率显著高于对照组(P0.05),且均在浓度为0.08%时最高,长白及杜洛克公猪其他试验组与对照组差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,适宜浓度的水蛭素可以显著提高猪精液冻后质量,效果最好的浓度为0.08%。     

不同品种和季节对种公猪精液品质的影响

为研究不同品种和季节对公猪精液品质的影响,以28头长白公猪、87头大约克公猪、98头杜洛克公猪为研究对象,对其3年的精液品质进行了检测和分析。结果表明,杜洛克公猪的采精量显著或极显著小于长白、大约克,大约克公猪的精子活力显著优于长白公猪(P0.05),不同品种的精子密度差异不显著(P0.05);长白、大约克公猪的采精量以冬季最多,3个品种公猪的精子密度夏季显著或极显著小于冬季,精子活力四季差异不显著(P0.05);在同一季节,杜洛克公猪的采精量均小于长白、大约克,且冬季显著小于长白(P0.05),精子密度优于长白、大约克公猪(P0.05),大约克公猪的精子活力优于长白、杜洛克。结果显示,品种和季节对公猪精液品质有一定影响,炎热夏季做好猪舍的防暑降温工作,有利于改善精液品质。     

红景天粗多糖中基分对猪精子冻后生化指标及活力的影响

试验将采自5头杜洛克（2～4岁）猪精液（2次/周）冷冻解冻于含有红景天粗多糖中基分（Middle Components of Rhocliola Polysacchoride,MCRP）的稀释液中,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统对猪精子运动特征进行了评价,其它参数用常规精子评价方法进行评估,分析MCRP对猪精子冻后生化指标及活力的影响。结果表明,MCRP在稀释液中的有效浓度范围为4.0～6.0mg/L,当MCRP浓度为6mg/L时,其各项指标均显著高于其它各组（P〈0.05）,而且冷冻解冻后,MCRP添加于稀释液I的精子质量显著优于MCRP添加到稀释液II的精子质量（P〈0.05）。冷冻解冻液中MCRP的浓度与解冻后解冻液中的谷胱甘肽、精子线粒体活性、精子低渗肿胀系数呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）,而与解冻液中的丙二醛浓度呈显著负相关（r=-0.982,P〈0.05）。猪精液冷冻保护液中添加MCRP能够有效地抵抗由于冷冻产生的活性氧自由基对精子的伤害,从而提高精子冻后质量,但是MCRP抑制活性氧自由基的具体成分仍需要进一步的研究。     

黄芩多糖对长白猪精液冷冻保存效果的研究

本研究旨在探讨不同浓度的黄芩多糖添加方案对猪冷冻精液保存效果的影响。猪冷冻处理的精液共6组,分别为空白对照组和添加不同浓度黄芩多糖的试验组（在冷冻稀释液中分别添加0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0g/L黄芩多糖）,对冷冻-复苏的精液进行精子活力及相关运动参数、精子质膜完整性、顶体完整率等指标检测。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,添加0.4 g/L的黄芩多糖对冷冻-复苏后的精子直线速度、曲线速度、平均路径速度、顶体完整率、DNA完整率和精子抗氧化酶活性均有提高（P<0.05）。0.6 g/L黄芩多糖组精液冷冻复苏后精子的运动参数、顶体完整率及抗氧化酶活性与0.4 g/L黄芩多糖组无显著差异。此外,0.8 g/L黄岑多糖组的质膜完整率及直线性高于其他组（P<0.05）。综上所述,添加不同浓度的黄芩多糖均可提高猪冷冻精液品质,其中提高猪冷冻精液保存质量的最适添加量是0.4 g/L。     

新西兰兔精液冷冻保护剂的筛选

本试验的目的是分析在新西兰兔精液冷冻保存稀释液中分别添加不同浓度的海藻糖、透明质酸、维生素E(Ve)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对兔精液冷冻保存效果的影响,以冻后精子活率、质膜完整性、顶体完整率等作为质量评定指标,筛选出效果较好的新西兰兔精液的冷冻保护剂种类及浓度。结果表明,精液冷冻保存稀释液中添加3种浓度的海藻糖均未提高兔精液冷冻后的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率(P0.05);添加0.5%和1%的透明质酸提高了兔精液冷冻后的精子活率(P0.05),但各组间质膜完整率和顶体完整率无显著差异;添加2 g/L Ve提高了兔精子4℃平衡后的活率、冷冻后精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率(P0.05);添加4 000 IU的SOD提高了兔精子4℃平衡后的活率、冷冻后精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率(P0.05)。结果证实,在新西兰兔精液冷冻保存稀释液中添加适宜浓度的Ve和SOD可提高兔精液冷冻后的精子活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率。     

不同浓度大豆卵磷脂替代蛋黄对东佛里生奶绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本试验皆在研究添加不同浓度大豆卵磷脂（SL）冷冻保存东佛里生奶绵羊精液的效果。我们在Tris基础稀释液中,添加18%蛋黄为对照组,添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%SL设为试验组,检测冷冻精液解冻后的精子活率和顶体完整率。结果显示,添加0.5%、2.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率与其他组之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1%～2% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,冷冻解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1.0%～1.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释后的精液,进行人工授精后母羊的妊娠率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。因此,大豆卵磷脂可以作为冷冻保护剂用于东佛里生奶绵羊精液的冷冻保存,其最佳添加浓度为1～2%（g／L）。     

不同稀释液配方对牛冻精品质的影响

选用3种稀释液配方分别对6头种公牛精液进行稀释、封装、冷冻,并检查种公牛冻精解冻后的精子活力、畸形率、顶体完整率、冻后废弃率、存活时间及镜检感光度.结果表明：3种不同稀释液配方对种公牛精液冻后活力影响差异均显著（P＜0.05）,Ⅰ稀释液生产冻精的畸形率极显著高于Ⅱ稀释液和Ⅲ稀释液（P＜0.01）,3种稀释液冻精精子顶体完整率之间差异均极显著（P＜0.01）,Ⅲ稀释液与Ⅰ稀释液和Ⅱ稀释液间对牛精液所生产冻精的冻后废弃率影响均差异显著（P＜0.05）,Ⅰ稀释液与Ⅱ稀释液和Ⅲ稀释液间对牛精液所生产冻精的存活时间影响差异也显著（P＜0.05）,Ⅲ稀释液生产的冻精精子感光度优于Ⅰ稀释液和Ⅱ稀释液,其余各项指标差异均不显著（P＞0.05）.因此,可用自配Ⅱ稀释液替代进口专用Ⅲ稀释液.     

褪黑素、谷胱甘肽对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本试验旨在研究褪黑素、谷胱甘肽两种抗氧化剂对精子冷冻的保护效应。以成年杜洛克公猪为研究对象,在猪精液冷冻稀释液中先后单独、联合添加褪黑素、谷胱甘肽,解冻后精子质量通过检测活率、活力、顶体完整性、线粒体活性以及活性氧（ROS）含量来判定。结果表明：分别单独添加0.25mg/mL褪黑素、5mmol/L谷胱甘肽,或联合添加0.125mg/mL褪黑素和1mmol/L谷胱甘肽,均能减少精液冷冻过程中ROS的生成,显著提高冷冻精子解冻后的质量（P〈0.05）,其中联合添加效果显著优于单独添加效果。     

红景天多糖对牛精液冷冻效果影响的研究

为了进一步提高冷冻-解冻后牛精液品质和精子抵抗低温打击的能力,试验将0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1mg/mL5个浓度梯度的红景天多糖分别添加到牛精液冷冻稀释液中,比较了不同浓度红景天多糖对牛精液冷冻后精子质量的影响。结果表明:红景天多糖相对于对照TCG稀释液能够显著改善和提高牛精液的冷冻效果,当添加量为0.06mg/mL时,效果良好,与对照组比较活率提高了13.8%,差异显著(P0.05);顶体完整率、质膜完整率和精子运动的各项参数均高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05)。说明红景天多糖对牛精子冷冻保护效果良好。     

香菇多糖对牛精液冷冻保存效果的研究

为了研究香菇多糖对牛精液冷冻保存效果的影响,在牛精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同质量浓度(1、5、25、125、625mg/L)的香菇多糖,冻融后检测牛精子活率、动力学参数以及顶体完整率、质膜完整率等。结果表明,25 mg/L组的冷冻保存效果最好,精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率分别达到42.04%、43.57%和63.87%,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。而过高浓度的香菇多糖(125、625mg/L)则显著降低了冻融精子的质量。牛精液冷冻稀释液中添加香菇多糖具有显著的保护作用,其最佳添加浓度为25mg/L。     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P＜0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1~3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬季显著高于春、夏季(P＜0.05);从不同采精月龄对精液品质的影响来看,16~25月龄公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精间隔对精液品质的影响来看,4~5 d为最佳采精间隔,采精间隔过长会导致精子畸形率上升;从不同公猪总乳头数来看,乳头数13~16个时,各精液性状品质都处于中等水平,有利于公猪生产应用。3个品种各精液性状间稳定性趋势不一,杜洛克猪和大白猪精液体积和精子活力的稳定性均显著高于长白猪(P＜0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度、精子畸形率和总精子数的稳定性均显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P＜0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例的稳定性显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P＜0.05)。各品种中,长白猪稳定性较差;各精液性状中,精子活力稳定性最好。【结论】品种、公猪出生胎次、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液品质,可根据不同品种公猪制定更完善的选择方案,提高精液质量,加速公猪遗传改良。     

Breed of Boar Influences the Optimal Concentration of Gamma‐oryzanol Needed for Semen Cryopreservation

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of boar breed on the optimal concentration of gamma‐oryzanol on the qualities of cryopreserved boar semen. Semen was collected from 20 boars (10 Duroc, 5 Large white and 5 Landrace boars). The semen sample was divided into five groups (A–E) according to the concentration of gamma‐oryzanol in extender II, that is 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32 mm , respectively. The semen was cryopreserved by nitrogen vapour and storage in nitrogen tank (?196°C). After storage for a week, samples were thawed at 50°C for 12 s and evaluated for progressive motility, sperm viability and acrosome integrity. The results demonstrated that gamma‐oryzanol significantly improved progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity of frozen–thawed boar semen. Considering the influence of breeds on the optimal concentration of gamma‐oryzanol, for Duroc boar, gamma‐oryzanol at 0.16 mm (group C) yielded the highest percentage of progressive motility, sperm viability and acrosome integrity. For Large white and Landrace boars, gamma‐oryzanol at 0.24 mm (group D) showed a significantly higher percentage of progressive motility, viability (not significant in Landrace) and acrosome integrity than other concentrations. In conclusion, the optimal concentration of gamma‐oryzanol needed for boar semen cryopreservation in lactose–egg yolk (LEY) freezing extender is not only depended on individual boar but also breed of boar, that is 0.16 mm for Duroc and 0.24 mm  for Large white and Landrace.     

不同品种、月份、月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

为研究不同品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔等因素对加系公猪精液品质的影响,以及品种、初次采精周龄对精液质量稳定性的影响,本研究以江西某种公猪站79头加系大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪种公猪为试验群体,收集2018年12月至2020年12月3 921条精液采集与精液质量数据,通过混合线性模型与方差分析探究各因素对精液量、精液密度、精子活力、总精子数及其稳定性的影响。结果显示,从不同品种对精液质量的影响来看,长白猪精液量和总精子数均高于大白猪、杜洛克猪,但杜洛克猪精液密度高于长白猪、大白猪,杜洛克猪精子活力最低;从不同月份来看,1~3月采精精液密度最高,4~6月采精精子活力最高,10~12月采精精液量和总精子数最高,精液量呈现秋冬多、春夏少的季节变化规律。公猪不同月龄采精,精液质量指标也存在差异,月龄越小精液量越低,但精液密度偏高,精子活力相对较好,在19~24月龄黄金期总精子数最高。不同采精间隔对精液质量有较大影响,采精间隔越长,精液量、精液密度、精子活力和总精子数相对较好,采精间隔为5 d时综合性能最佳,但过长的采精间隔导致精子活力降低。品种影响总精子数稳定性,长白猪、大白猪总精子数稳定性显著优于杜洛克猪（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液质量,关注这些因素有助于公猪站制定更完善的生产计划,提高公猪利用率。     

Estimation of genetic parameters and season effects for semen traits in three pig breeds of South China

The economic profitability of a boar station largely depends on semen quantity and quality traits. However, genetic analysis of semen traits has not yet been done in the boar population in China. In this study, we aimed to estimate genetic parameters for semen traits and the influence of seasons on these traits by using data of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire boars in South China. The following four semen traits were analysed: semen volume (ml; VOL), sperm concentration (10⁶/ml; DEN), sperm motility (MOT) and percentage of abnormal sperm (ABN). Genetic parameters and season effects were estimated simultaneously for each breed by using a multiple‐trait (4 × 4) repeatability animal model. The four traits had a moderate heritability with average estimates of 0.23, 0.28, 0.26 and 0.17 across the three breeds, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations among four traits differed in the three breeds. In particular, in Yorkshire, the four traits were nearly genetically independent. The season of collecting semen had a significant impact on these four semen traits except ABN in Duroc (Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05/6). The moderate heritabilities indicate the possibility of effective selection of boars for semen traits. Different genetic correlations for the three breeds suggest that the selection strategy for the four traits should be investigated separately for each breed. Some necessary actions should be taken to reduce the influence of seasons on semen traits.     

不同品种猪精液品质的季节性变化规律研究

在不同季节采集56头大白、长白、杜洛克公猪的精液,对精液品质进行了评定和分析。结果表明:在一年内,杜洛克和大白公猪的精液品质均以秋季最好,春季次之,夏季最差,而长白公猪的精液品质以春季最好、夏季最差;精液量有显著(P<0.05)的品种间差异,长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪依次降低;精子活率表现为杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪依次降低但差异不显著(P>0.05);精子畸形率以长白猪为最高,而在各品种间差异也不显著(P>0.05)。经综合评定,在受试的3个品种公猪中,杜洛克猪的精液品质较好,而且在夏季也优于其他2个猪种。     

不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同配种方式对二元母猪产仔数的影响,以杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、皮特兰猪四个品种公猪精液采用人工授精的方法对11654头长大二元母猪配种,对所产11654窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝损失等进行统计和分析,分析不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,配种次数、不同品种公猪组合配种对二元母猪总产仔数、产活仔数以及窝损失均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,但杜洛克公猪所配二元母猪的总产仔数和窝产仔数均高于大白和长白猪（P〈0.05）;采用长×杜×大组合配种的二元母猪总产仔数和窝产活仔数均高于其它三种组合。试验结果表明,在生产中,可在长白、大白、杜洛克猪中任选两个品种,通过二次配种的方式提高母猪的产仔数。     

海藻糖、二甲乙酰胺对公猪精液冷冻保存效果的研究

采用5% 二甲乙酰胺(DMA)(V/V)完全替代甘油,比较乳糖、海藻糖对精液冷冻保存效果的影响。结果表明,海藻糖显著提高了冷冻——解冻后精子成活力(49.32%±1.52%)与顶体完整性 (47.33%±1.16%)(P<0.05)。然后利用海藻糖替代乳糖,评价不同浓度的DMA对公猪精液冷冻保存的影响。结果表明,当DMA添加量为4%时,解冻后精子活率、成活力、顶体完整率分别为(45.17±0.56)%、(50.33±0.67)%、(48.30±1.44)%,均显著高于3% DMA、6% DMA添加组(P<0.05),精子活率显著高于5% DMA添加组(P<0.05),但精子成活力、顶体完整性与其差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,当利用海藻糖作为冷冻保存基础稀释液,DMA最适添加量为4%。     

Effects of breed and ejaculate volume on sperm morphology and semen parameters of boars

The aim of the study was to determine the relation between the semen quality, frequency of sperm defects, sperm dimensions and shape, and the ejaculate volume of Large White and Landrace boars. A total of 648 ejaculates collected from 31 Large White and 30 Landrace boars were divided into three groups according to the criterion of the ejaculate volume. In this study Landrace boars produced ejaculates with higher volume, sperm concentration, and total numbers of spermatozoa than Large White boars. Landrace boars also showed a lower frequency of sperm with morphological abnormalities (P < 0.05). Landrace boars sperm had larger heads, which were by 0.15 μm longer, and by a larger perimeter and area (P < 0.05). Landrace boar spermatozoa also had a longer flagellum and were generally larger and by 2.07 μm longer than Large White boar sperm (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in the shape of sperm of the two breeds (P < 0.05). Landrace boars sperm had more elongated heads, and the ratio of head size to flagellum length was lower than in Large White boars sperm (P < 0.05). Sperm from ejaculates with low volume had a shorter flagellum and a greater head length/flagellum length ratio than sperm from medium- and high-volume ejaculates (P < 0.05).     

Factors influencing boar sperm cryosurvival

Optimal sperm cryopreservation is a prerequisite for the sustainable commercial application of frozen-thawed boar semen for AI. Three experiments were performed to identify factors influencing variability of postthaw sperm survival among 464 boar ejaculates. Sperm-rich ejaculate fractions were cryopre-served using a standard freezing-thawing procedure for 0.5-mL plastic straws and computer-controlled freezing equipment. Postthaw sperm motility (assessed with a computer-assisted semen analysis system) and viability (simultaneously probed by flow cytometry analysis after triple-fluorescent stain), evaluated 30 and 150 min postthaw, were used to estimate the success of cryopreservation. In the first experiment, 168 unselected ejaculates (1 ejaculate/boar), from boars of 6 breeds with a wide age range (8 to 48 mo), were cryopreserved over a 12-mo period to evaluate the predictive value of boar (breed and age), semen collection, transport variables (season of ejaculate collection, interval between collections, and ejaculate temperature exposure), initial semen traits, and sperm quality before freezing on sperm survival after freezing-thawing. In Exp. 2, 4 ejaculates from each of 29 boars, preselected according to their initial semen traits and sperm quality before freezing, were collected and frozen over a 6-mo period to evaluate the influence of interboar and intraboar ejaculate variability in the survival of sperm after cryopreservation. In Exp. 3, 12 ejaculates preselected as for Exp. 2, from each of 15 boars with known good sperm cryosurvival, were collected and frozen over a 12-mo period to estimate the sustainability of sperm cryosurvival between ejaculates over time. Boar and semen collection and transport variables were not predictive of sperm cryosurvival among ejaculates. Initial semen traits and sperm quality variables observed before freezing explained 23.2 and 10.9%, respectively, of the variation in postthaw sperm motility and viability. However, more that 70% of total variance observed in postthaw sperm quality variables among ejaculates was explained by boar. This indicates that boar is the most important (P < 0.001) factor explaining the variability among ejaculates in sperm cryosurvival, with most (14 of the 15 boars in Exp. 3) showing consistent (P > 0.05) sperm cryosurvival over time.