接种球虫病疫苗的鸡群育雏阶段如何正确使用药物

正鸡球虫病是养鸡生产中常见且危害较大的疾病。近年来,由于耐药性问题以及严峻的食品安全形势,越来越多养鸡工作者使用球虫病疫苗预防鸡球虫病。然而,球虫病疫苗使用的重要注意事项中有一点就是要避免部分药物的干扰。鉴于目前复杂的疾病情况,雏鸡阶段必须使用抗生素进行疾病预防,接种球虫病疫苗的鸡群如何选择合适的药物做好雏鸡保健,既做到早期控制好疾病提高成活率,又确保球虫免疫效     

鸡抗病育种研究策略

禽病控制一直是养禽业的难题,在现代养禽业生产中,除了加强饲养管理水平和应用药物、疫苗等措施来控制疾病外,提高鸡的自身抗病能力、进行抗病品系的筛选和培育越来越显示出其优势,利用基因工程进行抗病育种已成为研究热点.抗病力是由多因素控制的现状,筛选抗病力相关基因是抗病育种的关键内容.目前发现的与鸡抗病力相关的基因并不多,论文...     

3种中药对鸡球虫病四价活疫苗卵囊繁殖的影响

正鸡球虫病是我国养鸡生产中常见且危害大的疾病。近年来,由于球虫耐药性问题以及严峻的食品安全形势,采用疫苗代替抗球虫药来预防鸡球虫病的人越来越多。然而,目前的鸡球虫病疫苗均为活卵囊疫苗,免疫接种后需在鸡体发育繁殖,刺激机体免疫应答。所以,在小鸡阶段鸡体建立抗球虫免疫力期间,要避免使用抗球虫药和广谱抗菌抗球虫类药物,比如磺胺类、四环素类药物。为了解一些中药对鸡球虫病活疫苗卵囊繁殖的影响,特此进行本试验,以便为接种球虫病疫苗的鸡群选用药物提供依据。1材料与方法1.1供试药物     

鸡球虫病常见防治药物及抗虫机理的概述

鸡球虫病是一种常发的疾病,特别是在潮湿闷热的夏季多发。一旦发生球虫病,重者导致鸡只死亡,轻者影响鸡只生长、生产等性能。防治鸡球虫病一般用药物或疫苗进行,本文就如何用药物预防和各种抗球虫药抗虫机理作简单概述,为进一步防控好鸡球虫病提供理论依据。     

GC02球虫病疫苗的最佳免疫剂量与免疫日龄的研究

鸡球虫病是威胁养鸡业最严重的肠道寄生虫病之一,由于化学预防方法面临球虫的耐药性、药物残留、药效下降、费用增加、生态问题、协迫病原突变问题等,使人们不得不寻求新的有效方法来预防鸡球虫病.免疫预防是控制鸡球虫病的理想方法,国内外寄生虫工作者对球虫病的免疫进行了广泛的研究,并先后研制出了各种有效的鸡球虫病疫苗.本试验旨在研究GC02球虫病疫苗理想的免疫剂量和免疫日龄,为生产上使用疫苗预防鸡球虫病提供可靠依据.     

环境因素与鸡球虫病的防治

鸡球虫病是危害养鸡业的重要疾病之一。目前对该病的防治主要有药物防治法和疫苗控制法。在鸡球虫病的发生和流行上，温度和湿度具有重要影响，甚至关系到疫苗免疫的成败。     

鸡球虫免疫保护性抗原研究进展

鸡球虫病是严重危害养鸡业发展的重要疾病之一,目前药物防治是控制球虫病的主要手段,但药物防治存在耐药性及药物残留等严重问题,因此鸡球虫病的免疫学防治成为研究领域中的热点,新型疫苗的研制具有重要意义。文章对鸡球虫重组抗原5401、子孢子表面抗原、裂殖子表面抗原、微线蛋白、折光体蛋白等免疫保护性抗原的研究概况进行了综述,以期为研究者提供参考。     

环境因素与鸡球虫病

鸡球虫病是危害养鸡业的重要疾病之一。目前，对该病的防治主要有药物防治法和疫苗控制法。在鸡球虫病的发生和流行上，温度和湿度具有重要影响，甚至关系到疫苗免疫的成败。     

夏秋季节鸡球虫病的预防和控制

鸡球虫病是鸡常见且危害十分严重的寄生虫病，我国每年因鸡球虫病造成的损失巨大。尽管经过多年的努力，在球虫病的病原研究、疫苗预防、药物治疗等方面取得了很大的进展，但是鸡球虫病目前仍是普遍发生的疾病之一。鸡球虫病多发于15～50日龄的雏鸡，发病率和死亡率较高，病愈的雏鸡生长发育受阻。成年鸡多为隐性携带者，但增重和产蛋受到一定的影响。在夏秋季节高温潮湿的环境下易爆发球虫病，因而在生产过程中，必须高度警惕夏秋季节球虫病的发生，尽可能的将鸡球虫病的危害降到最低程度。     

浅谈使用鸡球虫疫苗的注意事项

球虫病是严重影响蛋鸡、肉鸡饲养的寄生虫病,每年都会因球虫病造成巨大的经济损失。传统上预防鸡球虫病的方法是使用各类药物,由于球虫易产生耐药性,造成预防效果不佳,而且产生药物残留。近年来推广使用鸡球虫疫苗,解决了使用药物预防球虫病的诸多难题。但是由于很多养殖户对鸡球虫病疫苗的特性了解不够,影响     

兔球虫疫苗的研究现状

兔球虫病是家兔最常见、危害最严重的疾病之一,国内外多采用抗球虫药物对兔球虫病进行预防和治疗。目前为止,我国还没有研制出商品化的兔球虫疫苗,国内外仅有少部分学者开展了兔球虫病疫苗的研究工作。主要对兔球虫疫苗活虫苗、亚单位苗、基因工程苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为兔球虫疫苗的相关研究提供参考。     

中草药防治畜禽球虫病的研究进展

球虫病对畜禽养殖业危害较大,畜禽在感染球虫后死亡率高,耐过动物体重减轻甚至停止生长。中草药具有提高畜禽抵抗力、缓解球虫病临床症状、促进畜禽生长等功效,是一类新型低毒、安全环保的抗球虫药物。通过查阅采用中草药防治畜禽球虫病的相关文献,介绍中草药抗球虫制剂的研究与开发现状及应用前景,以期为科学防治球虫病提供参考。     

Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies

Coccidiosis in chickens is a parasitic disease with great economic significance, which has been controlled successfully for decades using mainly anticoccidial products. However, large-scale and long-term use of anticoccidial drugs has led to the worldwide development of resistance against all these drugs. In order to minimize the occurrence of resistance, the rotation of various anticoccidial drugs in single and/or shuttle programmes is used. Unfortunately, this has not solved the anticoccidial resistance problem. Recently, live anticoccidial vaccines have been incorporated into rotation programmes, resulting in an increasing incidence of anticoccidial drug-sensitive Eimeria spp. field isolates, which may ameliorate the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs. Nevertheless, possible upcoming bans restricting the use of anticoccidials as feed additives, consumer concerns on residues and increasing regulations have prompted the quest for alternative coccidiosis control strategies. Although management and biosecurity measures could halt the introduction of Eimeria spp. to a farm, in practice they do not suffice to prevent coccidiosis outbreaks. Phytotherapy, aromatherapy and pre- and probiotics either show conflicting, non-consistent or non-convincing results, and have therefore not been applied at a large scale in the field. So far, live attenuated and non-attenuated anticoccidial vaccines have proved to be the most solid and successful coccidiosis prevention and control strategy. Despite the drawbacks associated with their production and use, their popularity is increasing. If with time, the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines can be improved, they could represent the next generation of highly efficient and low-cost anticoccidial strategies.     

Control of coccidiosis in chickens by vaccination

Control of coccidiosis in chickens has relied upon managerial measurements and the prophylactic use of coccidiostatic drugs. With the emergence of Eimeria strains that are resistant to these drugs the use and number of commercially available vaccines has increased. In this review various aspects that contribute to the development of coccidiosis are discussed, and an overview of the currently marketed coccidiosis vaccines is presented. Three groups of vaccines can be distinguished based on the characteristics of the Eimeria species included in the products: vaccines based on live virulent strains, vaccines based on live attenuated strains, and vaccines based on live strains that are relatively tolerant to the use of ionophores. These latter vaccines combine the early protective effect of ionophore treatment with the late protective effect of vaccination. The impact of future developments such as recombinant-DNA vaccines and changes in consumer's attitude towards broiler production are discussed.     

Recent advances in immunomodulation and vaccination strategies against coccidiosis

Coccidiosis is a ubiquitous intestinal protozoan infection of poultry seriously impairing the growth and feed utilization of infected animals. Conventional disease control strategies rely heavily on chemoprophylaxis, which is a tremendous cost to the industry. Existing vaccines consist of live virulent or attenuated Eimeria strains with limited scope of protection against an ever-evolving and widespread pathogen. The continual emergence of drug-resistant strains of Eimeria, coupled with the increasing regulations and bans on the use of anticoccidial drugs in commercial poultry production, urges the need for novel approaches and alternative control strategies. Because of the complexity of the host immunity and the parasite life cycle, a comprehensive understanding of host-parasite interactions and protective immune mechanisms becomes necessary for successful prevention and control practices. Recent progress in functional genomics technology would facilitate the identification and characterization of host genes involved in immune responses as well as parasite genes and proteins that elicit protective host responses. This study reviews recent coccidiosis research and provides information on host immunity, immunomodulation, and the latest advances in live and recombinant vaccine development against coccidiosis. Such information will help magnify our understanding of host-parasite biology and mucosal immunology, and we hope it will lead to comprehensive designs of nutritional interventions and vaccination strategies for coccidiosis.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒辅助蛋白研究进展

鸡传染性支气管炎(Infectious bronchitis,IB)是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)引起的高度接触性传染病,给养殖生产造成巨大的经济损失.近年来随着反向遗传操作技术的发展,国内外学者在分子生物学水平对IBV基因组结构与功能开展了深入研究,在IBV...     

Research on avian coccidia: an update.

Despite the availability of many anticoccidial drugs, infections caused by species of Eimeria continue to be a source of significant economic loss to the poultry industry. After two decades in which the use world wide of ionophorous antibiotics gave unparalleled control of coccidiosis, drug resistance is once again tipping the balance in favour of the parasites. The realization that even the most spectacularly successful drugs might, after all, have a finite life if not used conservatively, has focused attention on ways in which the life span of drugs can be prolonged. Many drugs with different (if unknown) modes of action are available, and a variety of shuttle and rotation programmes can be considered. In view of the limitations of chemotherapy, particularly for the rearing of replacement flocks, there is considerable interest in the development of vaccines. Prospects for the introduction of live vaccines based on attenuated parasites are now very good, but the availability in the future of genetically engineered vaccines is more uncertain as little is known about the parasite molecules that stimulate protective immunity and, even if isolated, how they can be administered to the host so that it responds in the immunologically correct manner. Current research on Eimeria spp. in the chicken is broadly representative of that being done on other coccidia. Many lines of investigation are not connected with the development of new drugs or vaccination per se (and therefore have no obvious practical applications), but they are providing new insights into the biological complexity of the organisms and the ways in which they interact with their hosts. It remains possible, however, that a more detailed understanding and analysis of the molecules that are essential in the maintenance of the parasitic life style can be exploited in the future to provide alternative targets for chemical or immunological attack. The research topics considered in this review are arbitrarily grouped as studies on: (1) the basic biology of parasites, including aspects of the life cycle, and structure and function of the apical organelles; (2) the molecular biology of the parasites, including analyses of the number and structure of chromosomes, characterization of DNA sequences, and an account of the viral RNA that has been found in some species of Eimeria; and (3) control of coccidiosis, encompassing first immunity and the development of vaccines, and secondly, chemotherapy.     

鸡球虫入侵相关分子的研究进展

鸡球虫病是由艾美耳球虫寄生于肠道所引起的一种危害极其严重的寄生虫病,给养鸡业造成巨大的经济损失.艾美耳球虫属于顶复器门原虫,在入侵宿主细胞过程中需要通过入侵虫体顶端的顶复器分泌蛋白发挥作用.目前已报道与鸡球虫入侵相关的重要蛋白,包括微线蛋白、蛋白激酶、热激蛋白以及糖酵解酶等.这些蛋白主要参与了鸡球虫入侵宿主细胞以及在宿主细胞内的生长发育、参与了虫体的细胞周期活动以及参与了糖酵解提供虫体入侵需要的能量等,进一步对这些分子进行研究,对了解鸡球虫入侵宿主细胞的相关机理及发展抗球虫病疫苗和治疗药物将有积极的意义.     

分子生物学技术在临床兽医学上的应用

近几年,生物技术不断向深度和广度迅猛发展。它的发展与动物疫病的诊断、预防和治疗技术之间已并无明显的界限，并且起了不可替代的作用；如转基因动物既能用于抗病育种，也能用于生产疫苗和药品；核酸疫苗具有预防和治疗的双重作用；单克隆抗体不但用于免疫诊断，也可用于被动免疫和导向药物治疗等。生物技术已经不是一项单一的技术，而是一个综合的技术体系，尤其是在兽医临床上的应用、发展中，需要多种不同技术、学科和领域的相互渗透、相互配合。     

寄生虫DNA疫苗研究进展

寄生虫病带来了相当大的社会经济影响,人畜共患寄生虫给人们带来巨大的疾病负担,并给养殖业造成严重的经济损失。因此,寄生虫病的防治是人们迫切需要研究的课题。寄生虫存在很多形式的免疫逃避机制,灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗等未达到理想的预防寄生虫病的效果,很多研究表明DNA疫苗有望成为预防和治疗寄生虫病的有效方法。DNA疫苗是一种新型疫苗,可同时诱导机体产生持久的体液免疫和细胞免疫,通过在宿主内表达外源蛋白来提供保护性免疫。DNA疫苗与其他亚单位疫苗不同的是,免疫原由摄取抗原编码DNA的细胞在宿主内合成。体内蛋白质的合成也能进行抗原加工、修饰并递呈到宿主的免疫系统中,类似于自然感染的方式。笔者就DNA疫苗免疫机制、设计原则、免疫途径、优缺点及近几年寄生虫DNA疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为寄生虫DNA疫苗的开发提供理论参考。