兔胎儿成纤维细胞的分离培养和鉴定

本研究旨在建立稳定传代的兔胎儿成纤维细胞系及其鉴定方法。取配种后14~15d的兔胎儿,0.25%胰酶消化胎儿皮肤获得兔胎儿成纤维细胞,体外传代培养;通过观察细胞形态、测定生长曲线、免疫荧光染色、核型分析等鉴定兔胎儿成纤维细胞,PCR扩增SRY基因鉴定2株细胞系性别。研究结果表明,兔胎儿成纤维细胞呈梭形,可在体外快速生长,符合"潜伏期-对数期-平台期"的生长规律;免疫荧光染色结果显示,波形蛋白与纤维连接蛋白染色为阳性,细胞角蛋白染色为阴性,表明兔胎儿成纤维细胞纯度高,活性好;染色体检测结果显示,在传至第5代时,80%的成纤维细胞核型正常,为2n=44,属正常范畴;PCR法检测的2株细胞系均来源于兔雄性胎儿。综上表明,本研究建立了兔胎儿成纤维细胞系体外培养、传代、鉴定及其性别鉴定方法,可为转基因兔、克隆兔、兔诱导性多能性干细胞等研究提供充足、可靠的成纤维细胞来源。     

辽宁绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系的建立

为了成功建立绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系,利用核移植法获取转基因绒山羊,试验采用组织块贴壁法和细胞冷冻技术,并根据上皮细胞和成纤维细胞对胰蛋白酶的耐受性不同,采用酶消化法纯化细胞获得成纤维细胞系S1和S2,并对该细胞进行性别鉴定、生长曲线测定与核型分析。结果表明:该供体细胞S1为雌性,S2为雄性,其生长旺盛,状态良好,核型正常,有30对染色体。说明试验成功建立了辽宁绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的体外培养体系,可用于通过核移植法获取高产绒量的转基因绒山羊。     

转双基因(pGH/IGF-Ⅰ)猪胎儿成纤维细胞系的建立及鉴定

本研究旨在建立转双基因（pGH/IGF-Ⅰ）猪胎儿成纤维细胞系,保存转双基因猪的成纤维细胞以便于后续细胞水平研究。试验采用胰蛋白酶消化法对猪胎儿躯干组织进行原代培养,通过原代培养、细胞传代、冷冻保存等成功分离出转双基因猪胎儿成纤维细胞,并对细胞进行了形态学观察、冻存前和复苏后细胞活力检测、生长动力学分析、波形蛋白免疫组化及微生物污染检测等生物学特性分析。结果显示,原代细胞经过胰蛋白酶消化和差速离心分离培养出成纤维细胞,冻存前细胞活力为94.3%,冻存3个月后细胞复苏后活力为91.2%;细胞生长总趋势呈“S”型,经历了潜伏期、指数生长期和平台期3个阶段;细胞波形蛋白在成纤维细胞中呈阳性反应;细胞的细菌、真菌、病毒和支原体检测均为阴性。结果表明本试验成功建立了转双基因猪成纤维细胞系。     

不同年龄二狼山绒山羊耳组织成纤维细胞的生物学特性

采用胶原酶消化法建立细胞系,观察细胞形态、测定细胞冻存前和复苏后的存活率、绘制细胞生长曲线,并对染色体核型进行分析,研究不同年龄的二狼山绒山羊耳组织成纤维细胞的生物学特性,分析年龄对二狼山绒山羊耳组织成纤维细胞体外培养的影响。试验结果表明,年龄对细胞形态无影响;冻存没有降低细胞的存活率(P0.05);细胞的生长曲线呈典型的S型且年龄对细胞的生长无明显影响(P0.05);染色体核型分析显示,不同年龄的山羊耳组织成纤维细胞系的染色体数目均为2 n=60(XY/XY),无染色体畸形。说明不同年龄,甚至年龄比较大的二狼山绒山羊个体(13岁)都可以通过胶原酶消化法建成稳定的成纤维细胞系,本试验使二狼山绒山羊种质资源在细胞水平得到保存,为二狼山绒山羊成纤维细胞系的建立以及开展其种质资源的保存提供一定的参考。     

鸵鸟种质资源保存中的体细胞培养

本研究利用皮肤植块法建立了鸵鸟胚胎成纤维细胞 ,并进行了传代、冻存、复苏和染色体核型分析实验。传代实验和染色体核型分析实验表明 ,鸵鸟胚胎成纤维细胞系可在体外存活 7～ 8代 ,且保持核型正常 ,而且 ,细胞冻存和复苏对核型也没有显著影响 ,从而证明利用体外培养的体细胞是进行保种可行的。     

牛胎儿成纤维细胞的培养及性别鉴定

为了探索和建立牛胎儿成纤维细胞体外分离培养及性别鉴定的技术方法,试验取自怀孕40 d的奶牛胎儿耳组织用组织块贴附法进行原代培养和传代培养,用倒置相差显微镜观察成纤维细胞形态;根据牛Y染色体上的性别决定区域(SRY)基因序列设计合成1对PCR引物作为性别鉴定引物, 同时根据牛403 bp的β-珠蛋白基因序列设计1对引物作为内参照引物,建立PCR 反应体系进行性别鉴定.结果表明:分离的成纤维细胞可在体外快速贴壁生长、增殖;阳性对照和第1牛胎儿成纤维细胞系PCR鉴定扩增得到255 bp的片段和403 bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段,第2,3牛胎儿成纤维细胞系和母牛血液PCR扩增只得到403 bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段,通过电泳证明PCR产物255 bp的片段为SRY基因片段,说明有255 bp扩增带的细胞系为雄性;无255 bp扩增带的细胞系为雌性.结果说明该方法所获得的牛胎儿成纤维细胞可在体外稳定培养,利用PCR鉴定牛胎儿性别具有简单、快速、准确的特点,可应用于基因克隆动物研究中体细胞系的早期性别鉴定.     

牛胎儿成纤维细胞的分离培养

研究了牛胎儿组织成纤维细胞的分离、培养、纯化方法和生长特征,并对培养细胞的冷冻保存和复苏进行了观察.采取组织块培养法进行原代培养,在接种第5天到第6天成纤维细胞生长旺盛;用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,传代培养细胞生长状态良好;用液氮冷冻法保存传代细胞,解冻后持续传代至第12代仍生长良好,第8代细胞冻存前和复苏后的活率分别为97.0% 和94.3%,无显著差异(P>0.05);分离纯化的胎牛成纤维细胞的生长曲线都正常;成功地建立了牛胎儿成纤维细胞系.该细胞可经多次传代培养和冷冻保存.     

奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞的分离培养及SRY基因性别鉴定

为了探索和建立奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞体外分离培养及性别鉴定的技术方法,获得转基因克隆羊的供体细胞,本试验用组织块培养法分离纯化得到两株奶山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系,进行细胞形态观察、生长曲线及细胞周期和倍性分析。同时根据GenBank上发布的山羊SRY基因设计合成一对PCR引物作为性别鉴定引物,另外根据山羊BLG基因序列设计一对引物作为内参引物,建立PCR反应体系对两株胎儿成纤维细胞系进行性别鉴定。结果表明,分离的胎儿成纤维细胞活力良好,可在体外快速生长、增殖、稳定培养;阳性对照和山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系2经PCR扩增得到337 bp片段和498 bp的BLG基因片段,而阴性对照和山羊胎儿成纤维细胞系1经PCR扩增得到498 bp的β-乳球蛋白基因片段。将337 bp片段和pMD19-T载体连接,构建重组载体pSRY,通过测序证明337 bp片段为SRY基因片段。这说明有337 bp扩增带的细胞系为雄性,无337 bp扩增带的细胞系为雌性。本试验为转基因奶山羊新品种的培育奠定了基础。     

成年版纳微型猪近交系克隆猪的制备

本研究以版纳微型猪近交系成年母猪为材料,采用冷胰酶消化法获得成年猪成纤维细胞后,进行细胞的生物学特征检测,研究其作为供体细胞对体细胞核移植效果的影响。结果表明,版纳微型猪近交系成年猪的成纤维细胞呈典型的成纤维细胞形态,细胞冻存前和复苏后存活率分别为97.2%和92.6%(P>0.05),生长曲线呈"S"形,细胞群体倍增时间为36h,体外培养14代后仍能保持正常核型。以其作为核移植供体细胞,核移植重构胚卵裂率、囊胚率及囊胚细胞数分别为61.9%、13.0%和37枚,移植了重构胚的3头代孕母猪均妊娠,并且有1头母猪产下1头正常的克隆猪。综上所述,利用版纳微型猪近交系成年猪能建立稳定的成纤维细胞系,该细胞系作为核移植供体细胞可获得版纳微型猪近交系克隆猪。     

广灵驴成纤维细胞系的建立及其相关生物学特性研究

试验旨在建立广灵驴成纤维细胞库,以期在细胞水平上对广灵驴进行保护。本研究以1月龄广灵驴耳缘皮肤组织为试验材料,采用组织块贴壁法进行成纤维细胞培养,建立了广灵驴耳缘皮肤组织成纤维细胞系,并对其相关生物学特性进行了鉴定。结果发现,试验所建立的广灵驴成纤维细胞系大多数细胞呈长梭形,部分细胞呈三角状或星型。在培养过程中,广灵驴原代成纤维细胞在贴壁4 d时开始有细胞从组织边缘游离出来,贴壁14 d后,细胞汇合率达到80%,可以进行第一次传代培养;细胞生长态势良好,生长曲线呈典型的S型曲线;细胞冻存复苏后活率有所下降,但生长状态良好。细胞分裂中期染色体数2n=62,说明成功建立了广灵驴成纤维细胞系。通过本方法建立的广灵驴成纤维细胞系为后续广灵驴的相关研究奠定了基础。     

白色獭兔R新品系的选育研究

本项研究根据分子遗传育种理论和技术,利用生产性能优良和遗传距离较大的美系獭兔(单倍型A1、Z7)和德系獭兔(单倍型A1、G1)进行两品系杂交,采用继代选育,培育出了适应性强、生产性能好、遗传性能稳定的白色獭兔R新品系。该品系主要生产性能:窝产活仔数7.10±0.85只,3周龄窝重2061.40±210.82g,6周龄窝重4493.48±502.70g,8周龄体重1268.52±143.12g,13周龄体重2016.92±224.18g,22周龄体重3040.44±263.34g,体尺(体长、胸围)43.39±2.24cm、26.57±1.29cm,22周龄成活率84.7%。被毛密度22935±2737根/cm2,被毛细度16.78±0.94μm,被毛长度17.46±1.09mm。     

不同培养体系对胎牛成纤维细胞体外培养的影响

研究不同培养体系对胎牛成纤维细胞体外培养的影响及用牛血清白蛋白代替血清培养胎牛成纤维细胞的可行性。利用M199、DMEM、α-MEM、DMEM/F124种培养体系通过组织块贴壁培养对成纤维细胞体外培养液进行筛选,以α-MEM组细胞生长状况较好。分别用含2、4、6、8、10mg/mL BSA的α-MEM培养液对胎牛成纤维细胞进行原代及传代培养,5种浓度的BSA对原代培养时细胞开始游离出组织块的时间影响不明显,均在培养后的48h有成纤维细胞和上皮细胞混合游离出,但在传代培养时,胎牛成纤维细胞在8mg/mL BSA浓度的α-MEM中贴壁率较高。结果表明:培养胎牛成纤维细胞时,可用BSA代替血清,较适宜的培养体系为含8mg/mL BSA的α-MEM培养液。     

A retrospective study of female reproductive parameters in the Kunming dog

The Kunming dog is the first and only working dog breed from China to be recognized worldwide. As a domestic working dog, its excellent working performance has been well established; however, its normal reproductive parameters are not well understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the main reproductive parameters of this purebred working dog in field breeding conditions. Data on 1004 heats (753 with mating) from 203 bitches between 2008 to 2014, were collected and analyzed. The pregnancy rate and whelping rate was 79.42% and 75.30%, respectively. Finally, for 567 litters (4298 puppies), the mean litter size was 7.19 ± 0.12 puppies (range 1–15). The mean gestation period and birth weight were approximately 61.64 ± 0.10 days and 407.25 ± 1.21 g. The mean sex ratio was 1.03 males to 1.00 female. Estrus occurred throughout the year with no significant differences between seasons and months (P > 0.05), which confirms that Kunming dogs are non‐seasonal breeders; births occurred in every month of the year. Pregnant bitches exhibited significantly longer inter‐estrus intervals than non‐pregnant bitches (220.85 ± 2.05 vs. 180.19 ± 2.94 days, P < 0.05). Bitch parity influenced litter size, and the gestation length and birth weight of the puppies were negatively affected by litter size. This study helps elucidate the reproductive potential of this breed and provides reference values for reproductive performance in the Kunming dog.     

Billroth II Gastrojejunostomy in Dogs Stapling Technique and Postoperative Complications

Billroth II gastrojejunostomy was performed with surgical staplers in 6 dogs that were not irradiated and in 11 dogs that subsequently received radiation to the pancreas and proximal part of the duodenum. The dogs were monitored clinically for 135 days and then euthanatized and necropsied. Each gastrojejunostomy site was preserved in formalin and the stomal diameter was measured. No mechanical complications were encountered with the use of surgical staplers and no leakage was observed at the staple closure sites before abdominal closure. All dogs vomited approximately 100 ml of coagulated blood 4 to 8 hours after surgery, and 300 to 400 ml of brown fluid after approximately 24 hours. Vomiting was the most common clinical finding after the first 24 hours. Vomiting was subjectively graded from 1 to 3 with grade 1 representing the least severe problem and grade 3 the most severe. Grade 1 vomiting occurred in 12 of 16 dogs that survived 135 days; in the other four dogs, vomiting was classified as grade 2 or 3. All dogs with grade 1 vomiting had stomal diameters of 1.7 to 2.9 cm (mean, 2.2 ± 0.4 cm standard deviation). Dogs with grade 2 or 3 vomiting had stomal diameters of 2.2 to 4.0 cm (mean, 3.2 ± 0.8 cm standard deviation). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.005). The percentage of weight gained or lost was recorded for each dog. Two nonirradiated dogs gained body weight, whereas the other nonirradiated dogs and all irradiated dogs lost body weight. The overall mean loss of body weight of dogs with grade 1 vomiting was 16.7 ± 12.0% (± standard deviation), compared with 35.5 ± 6.6% (± standard deviation) for dogs with grade 2 or 3 vomiting; the difference was significant (p < 0.01). Routinely scheduled clinical laboratory test results were within normal limits in nonirradiated dogs. Clinical problems other than vomiting and weight loss were anorexia, gastric dilatation, and diarrhea. One nonirradiated dog died on day 56 after rupture at the gastric stump staple line.     

昆明小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞体外培养条件初步研究

本研究旨在探索影响小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(mouse embryonic fibroblast,MEF)分离培养的因素,建立有效的胚胎成纤维细胞培养体系,为构建饲养层细胞与体细胞核移植技术的细胞核供体建立平台。本研究用组织细胞培养液DMEM作为基础培养液,观察了不同胎龄、不同血清浓度及不同胰蛋白酶作用时间等因素对MEF分离培养的影响。结果显示,在所进行的4个胎龄8.5、10.5、12.5、14.5 d的比较试验中,原代成纤维细胞分离培养的最适胎龄为12.5 d,细胞贴壁迅速,12 h已完全贴壁,增殖速度快;在所进行的不同时间5、10、15、30 min的胰蛋白酶消化中,最佳时间为5~10 min;在所进行的5个血清浓度7%、9%、10%、11%、13%的比较试验中,添加11%胎牛血清浓度培养效果最佳,从3~5代增殖倍数稳定在1.35左右,传代时间也相对较长。以上结果表明,采用12.5 d胎鼠,胰蛋白酶消化5~10 min,在含有11%血清的DMEM培养液中培养MEF细胞时,原代和传代效果最好,传代至第3~5代时细胞生长增殖最旺盛,处于对数分裂期,适宜作为饲养层细胞与体细胞核移植细胞核供体。     

Establishment and Identification of a Fetal Fibroblast Cell Line with Double Transgenic (pGH/IGF-Ⅰ) Porcine

This study was aimed to establish a fetal fibroblast cell line of double transgenic (pGH/IGF-Ⅰ) pigs,and reserve fibroblast cells of double transgenic pigs for the follow-up study.A method of trypsin digestion was adopted to isolate and culture body tissues from pregnant porcine,and porcine fetal fibroblasts were isolated successfully through primary culture,subculturing and cryopreservation.The morphological observation,determination of viability before cryopreservation and after recovery,dynamic growth analysis,vimentin immunohistochemistry and microbial contamination detection were all done to study the biological characteristics of the cell line.The results showed that the fibroblasts were cultured and isolated successfully by trypsin digestion and differential centrifugation.The cell viability before cryopreservation and after recovery were 94.3% and 91.2%,respectively.The growth curve was sigmoidal,and experienced the incubation period,exponential growth period and platform three stages.The vimentin immunohistochemistry was positive,the microbial contamination detection were all negative.The results indicated that a fibroblast cell line of double transgenic porcine was successfully established.     

辽宁绒山羊胎儿发育的初步研究

了解辽宁绒山羊胎儿期的发育过程对于指导其妊娠期和出生后饲养管理及培育具有重要意义。本研究分别对妊娠后45、60、75、90、105、135 d的辽宁绒山羊胎儿外形、体尺、体重及部分器官发育速度进行了测定,结果表明:辽宁绒山羊的胎儿在45日龄时已经具备其固有体型;135日龄时其形态、机体的所有器官均已发育完全;135日龄的胎儿体重、体尺已经接近出生羔羊;胎儿在90 d胎龄前,绝对增重不大,但相对体重增长快速;90 d胎龄后绝对增重加快,尤其是120d胎龄后,日增重可达40~80 g,说明辽宁绒山羊与其他羊一样,胎儿发育主要以后3个月为主;胎儿器官的发育速度与相应器官的生理机能是密切相关的,凡是代谢旺盛的器官均优先发育;胎儿的粗毛在105d时已全部生长于皮肤之外,而胎儿绒则是在120 d开始出现,在135 d时能够覆盖全身。     

牛胎儿成纤维细胞分离与体外培养

本研究以 4 5d牛胎儿为材料 ,使用 0 .2 5 %胰酶 + 0 .0 4 %EDTA消化液 ,分离得到牛胎儿成纤维细胞 ,体外培养传代至第 2 8代。本实验描绘出牛胎儿成纤维细胞生长曲线 ,并发现α MEM是一种适合牛胎儿成纤维细胞生长的培养基。分离得到的牛胎儿成纤维细胞传至第 1 8代时核型仍然正常 ,冷冻、解冻后细胞可继续传代     

Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin after maternal or fetal intravenous administration in sheep

In pregnant sheep at 120–130 days of gestational age, a study was undertaken in order to characterize the pharmacokinetics and transplacental exchange of Ivermectin after maternal or fetal intravenous administration. Eight pregnant Suffolk Down sheep of 73.2 ± 3.7 kg body weight (bw) were surgically prepared in order to insert polyvinyl catheters in the fetal femoral artery and vein and amniotic sac. Following 48 h of recovery, the ewes were randomly assigned to two experimental groups. In group 1, (maternal injection) five ewes were treated with an intravenous bolus of 0.2 mg ivermectin/kg bw. In group 2, (fetal injection) three ewes were injected with an intravenous bolus of 1 mg of ivermectin to the fetus through a fetal femoral vein catheter. Maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid samples were taken before and after ivermectin administration for a period of 144 h post‐treatment. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography (HPLC). A computerized non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed and the results were compared by means of the Student t‐test. The main pharmacokinetic changes observed in the maternal compartment were increases in the volume of distribution and in the half‐life of elimination (t_½β). A limited maternal‐fetal transfer of ivermectin was evidenced by a low fetal Cmax (1.72 ± 0.6 ng/mL) and AUC (89.1 ± 11.4 ng·h/mL). While the fetal administration of ivermectin resulted in higher values of clearance (554.1 ± 177.9 mL/kg) and lower values of t_½β (8.0 ± 1.4 h) and mean residence time (8.0 ± 2.9 h) indicating that fetal‐placental unit is highly efficient in eliminating the drug as well as limiting the transfer of ivermectin from the maternal to fetal compartment.