不同施氮模式对水稻产量的影响

水稻的不同生长发育时期对肥料的需求量不同,并且肥料在土壤中会逐渐降解,肥料在土壤中存在的时间越长降解越多。所以合理搭配肥料用量和安排施用时间是水稻施肥的重点,以最小的肥料投入获得最高产量,提高经济效益。本试验在同等纯氮施用量的处理中以处理3的施肥方式为最佳:基肥尿素3 kg/667 m2,一次蘖肥施用硫酸铵4 kg/667 m2、尿素2 kg/667 m2,二次蘖肥2 kg/667 m2,穗肥3 kg/667 m2。此种施肥方式水稻长势情况、各项产量构成因素表现非常均衡,所取得的产量也最高。     

甘蔗施用缓释肥和复混肥的效果

以N25-P10-K8的榕风牌缓释肥和普通复混肥各60kg/667m2,在甘蔗下种时一次性作基肥和分两次施肥(第一次下种时作基肥施20kg/667m2,第二次作追肥在揭膜后施40kg/667m2),以当地施肥方式和施肥量为对照。试验结果表明,榕风牌缓释肥分两次施肥对甘蔗农艺性状有促进作用,产量提高3.4%,经济效益提高136.15元/667m2;榕风牌缓释肥一次性做基肥产量提高1.6%,经济效益提高180元/667m2。两种肥料4种处理对甘蔗蔗糖分均有改善作用,比常规施肥高0.42~0.84个百分点。而普通复混肥处理对甘蔗产量等性状和经济效益没有促进作用。     

广谱型肥料增效剂在水稻上的应用效果总结

采用田间试验方法,分析了三种"广谱型肥料增效剂"在水稻上的应用效果,结果表明:施用"广谱型肥料增效剂"能增加水稻产量,提高经济效益。在三种"广谱型肥料增效剂"中以"肥得乐"氮肥增效剂效果最好,水稻产量为579.3 kg/667 m2,比对照产量增加93.3 kg/667 m2,增产率为19.2%,增加经济效益180.60元/667 m2。     

马铃薯测土配方3414肥效田间试验

通过马铃薯测土配方施肥肥效田间试验,以便提高马铃薯的单产,增加经济效益。试验采用"3414"完全试验设计。结果表明,在当地条件下,最佳经济施肥量N 6.04 kg/667 m2、P2O52.53 kg/667m2、K2O 9.26 kg/667 m2,最高产量为1 929 kg/667 m2。三要素比例1:0.420:1.533,肥料投入81.61/667 m2元,鲜薯产值1 735元/667 m2,施肥利润为291元/667 m2,投入产出比1:4.57。采用测土配方施肥能增加马铃薯产量,降低施肥成本,提高肥料当季利用率。氮磷钾肥合理配施,有利于增加薯重和结薯个数,增施钾肥能增加大中薯比例,提高马铃薯商品薯率。     

翠京元微生物肥对水稻生长和产量的影响效应分析

翠京元微生物肥是一种新型肥料,通过比较不同施肥处理对水稻生长发育及产量的影响,结果表明:处理3(纯氮11.05 kg/667 m2+翠京元37.5 kg/667 m2)效果最佳,在获得较理想的产量同时,减少了氮肥的投入和环境污染源的产生。翠京元微生物肥在水稻生产上具有推广应用价值。     

水稻机插秧侧深施肥试验初步探讨

侧深施肥具有肥效长、肥料利用率高、省工节本等特点,它对水稻生产具有增产增效的作用。2018年,高邮市开展了侧深施肥与常规施肥法对水稻产量影响试验。结果表明:侧深施肥的A1处理产量最高,为685.7 kg/667 m2,比对照增产28 kg/667 m2,其次A2处理,产量为668.4 kg/667 m2,比对照增产8.9 kg/667 m2。另外,从生产效益上看,侧深施肥处理A1收益最高,达1 188.5元/667 m2,比对照增加88.6元/667 m2,其次为处理A2,效益达1 146.3元/667 m2,比对照增加46.4元/667 m2,增效显著。     

水稻深施肥的效益

采用田间试验方法,研究了水稻深施肥的效益,结果表明:当施氮量为15 kg/667 m2时,深施肥总氮径流损失比表层施肥降低25.1%,总磷径流损降低58.9%,水稻增产12.7%,氮肥利用率提高10.02%,利润增加133.60元/667 m2。在达到相同产量的情况下,比施氮量为18.68 kg/667 m2表层施肥节氮3.68 kg/667 m2,节磷1.84 kg/667 m2,节钾2.58 kg/667m2,节约肥料成本36.39元/667 m2。     

生物有机肥在甘蔗上的应用效果

研究了海南临高蔗区在甘蔗上施用湖南豫园生物有机肥的应用效果。结果表明,中等肥力条件下,(1)施100kg/667m2的生物有机肥产量和品质均不如常规施肥处理。(2)施150kg/667m2和施200kg/667m2的生物有机肥可使甘蔗产量增加,品质变优,但从经济效益分析上,施150kg/667m2的湖南豫园生物有机肥的效益更佳。     

水稻三江一号应用硅肥的试验效果

通过在基肥中增施不同肥量的希林索硅肥与常规施肥方法的对比试验,结果表明:水稻三江一号应用硅肥无论是从产量还是从防病,以硅肥用量20 kg/667 m2的效果最好,较对照增加产量61.8 kg/667 m2,增产率11.8%,增加效益87.06元/667 m2。     

硫酸钾复合肥不同施用量对川蔗26号性状的影响

探讨45%硫酸钾型复合肥对川蔗26号性状的影响。采用不同施用量的该复合肥对川蔗26号施肥一年,评价其农艺性状,并测定甘蔗的产量与蔗糖分。根据甘蔗农艺性状的表现,该复合肥最优的施肥量为133.3 kg/667m2,其次为100.0 kg/667m2,而施肥量为66.6 kg/667m2和33.3 kg/667m2则表现一般。分析甘蔗产量发现,该复合肥能显著提高产量,在最优施肥量下产量提高了34.6%;而且,各施肥处理的蔗糖分均低于未施肥的对照处理。45%硫酸钾型复合肥能明显改善川蔗26号性状。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。