适宜机械化作业的甘蔗种植规格试验报告

为探索适合甘蔗机械作业的种植行距与产量的关系,柳州市蔗糖生产办公室与柳江县甘蔗技术推广站于2008年进行了不同行距甘蔗种植简比试验,试验结果表明:行距130era的甘蔗产量最高,达8220.0kg/667m2,分别比行距90cm、100cm的甘蔗增产530.0kg/667m2、369.6kg/667m2;行距120cm的甘蔗产量为8060.5kg/667m2,分别比行距90cm、100cm的甘蔗增产370.5kg/667m2、270.1kg/667m2.     

桓仁县水稻“3414”肥效试验研究

桓仁县进行"3414"肥效试验,研究了桓仁县水稻施肥增产效果及推荐施肥量。结果表明:水稻最佳经济施肥量为纯氮15.1 kg/667 m2、五氧化二磷3.68 kg/667 m2、氧化钾5.7 kg/667 m2;水稻最大推荐量为纯氮15.9 kg/667 m2、五氧化二磷6.26 kg/667 m2、氧化钾5.83 kg/667 m2。     

氮肥不同用量对淮稻13生育特性及产量构成的影响

通过麦后水直播稻15 kg/667 m2、18 kg/667 m2、21 kg/667 m2、24 kg/667 m2不同用氮量的对比试验研究,结果表明,总施氮量15 kg/667 m2的水稻生长量明显不足,施氮量21 kg/667 m2的水稻生长量略显偏多,施氮量24 kg/667 m2的水稻生长量明显偏多,而施氮量18 kg/667 m2处理不仅使水稻各生育期的生长清秀稳健,而且穗粒结构较为协调,同时还表现出较高的产量水平。从而初步明确麦后水直播稻施氮量以18 kg/667 m2为宜。     

玉米优化配方施肥模型研究

运用D-饱和最优设计的试验方法,研究氮磷与玉米产量的关系,建立数学模型,并据此最大施肥量(N 11.81 kg/667m2,P2O5 9.66 kg/667m2)及经济最佳施肥量(N 9.51 kg/667m2,P2O5 7.4 kg/667m2),用于推荐施肥.     

密度与氮钾肥对‘东农311’光合特性及产量的影响

以中晚熟鲜食马铃薯品种‘东农311’为试验材料,研究不同密度和氮钾肥处理下的光合特性及产量性状,以便为该品种的丰产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,光合特性在不同因素条件下表现不同,氮处理对SPAD(Soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)值和净光合速率的影响极显著;钾处理对SPAD值和气孔导度的影响显著;密度处理仅对SPAD值影响显著。综合来看,SPAD值在施氮量为10 kg/667m2、施钾量为7.5 kg/667m2、密度为4 200株/667m2时最大;净光合速率在施氮量为15 kg/667m2、施钾量为7.5 kg/667m2、密度为5 000株/667m2时最大;气孔导度在施氮量为15 kg/667m2、施钾量为12.5 kg/667m2、密度为3 400株/667m2时最大。三个因素条件中,钾素对产量影响显著,且在施氮量5 kg/667m2、施钾量12.5 kg/667m2、种植密度为4 200株/667m2时产量最高,为3 150 kg/667m2;在施氮量15 kg/667m2、施钾量7.5 kg/667m2、种植密度为5 000株/667m2时商品薯率最大,为71.29%。     

水稻应用配方肥料试验效果分析

选用水稻品种辽河5号进行了配方肥应用试验。结果表明,水稻施用配方肥与当地常规施肥相比增产73.4 kg/667 m2,增加效益136.8元/667 m2,最佳施肥量为N-16.9 kg/667 m2、P2O5-4.0 kg/667 m2、K2O-6.4 kg/667 m2。     

大豆综合农艺栽培措施与产量关系模型及效应分析

通过对内蒙古自治区大豆主栽品种的密度、施磷量、施钾量、种肥氮量、追肥氮量5项农艺栽培技术措施的综合试验研究,系统地分析了5项农艺措施对产量影响的单因素和交互效应,阐明了5项农艺栽培措施的产量效益.实现大豆单产200kg/667m2以上产量的优化农艺栽培措施是株数2.53～2.75×104株/667m2;施磷量(P2O5)4.56～5.44kg/667m2;施钾量(K2O)5.77～6.74kg/667m2;种肥氮量2.73～3.18kg/667m2;追肥氮量2.49～2.91kg/667m2.     

不同抛秧盘对抛秧产量及其产量构成因子的影响

通过对561孔、434孔、301孔抛秧盘在早稻和连作晚稻上应用效果的比较发现,随着孔数和每盘用种量的减少,秧苗素质得到改善,有效穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和结实率逐步增加;单产也相应提高,早稻单产分别为448.7 kg/667 m2、512.8 kg/667 m2、522.5 kg/667 m2,连作晚稻单产分别为497.1 kg/667 m2、557.0 kg/667 m2、562.4kg/667 m2。     

施氮水平和栽插密度对晚粳稻秀水134生长及产量的影响

试验以晚粳稻秀水134为材料,研究不同氮肥用量(0、8、11、14kg/667m2)和栽插密度(1.5万/667m2、1.1万/667m2)对水稻产量的影响,探索其最佳的栽培方式。结果表明:施氮水平14kg/667m2,栽插密度1.5万丛/667m2时,产量最高,达到395.18kg/667m2。     

氮肥用量对不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆特征和产量的影响

在大田条件下,以强筋小麦品种郑麦9023和豫麦34、中筋小麦品种豫麦18以及弱筋小麦品种豫麦50为试验材料,采用10、15和20 kg/667m2三种施氮水平,研究了氮肥用量对不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆和产量的影响。结果表明,在各施氮处理中不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程均呈“S”型变化,但模型参数因氮肥用量而不同。郑麦9023和豫麦18的各项灌浆参数均表现为15 kg/667m2>20 kg/667m2>10kg/667m2;豫麦34籽粒灌浆持续期、理论最大粒重、最大灌浆出现时间、有效灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期增加值、有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率均表现为15 kg/667m2>20 kg/667m2>10 kg/667m2,平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率表现为20 kg/667m2最大,15 kg/667m2次之,10 kg/667m2最小。豫麦50籽粒灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期以20 kg/667m2最长,15 kg/667m2次之,10 kg/667m2最小;最大籽粒灌浆出现时间、最大灌浆速率、有效灌浆持续粒重增加值、有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率以15 kg/667m2最高(早),20 kg/667m2次之,10 kg/667m2最低(晚);而理论最大粒重、平均灌浆速率则表现为10 kg/667m2>15 kg/667m2>20 kg/667m2。同时,郑麦9023、豫麦18和豫麦34粒重与各灌浆参数均呈正相关,郑麦9023粒重与籽粒灌浆持续期、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率相关系数达到显著水平,与有效灌浆持续期相关系数达到极显著水平;豫麦18粒重与最大灌浆速率和有效灌浆持续期相关系数达到极显著水平,与平均灌浆速率之间达显著水平;豫麦34粒重与籽粒灌浆持续期相关系数达到显著水平;豫麦50粒重与籽粒灌浆持续期呈负相关,与平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、有效灌浆持续期和有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率均呈正相关,差异均不显著。豫麦18和豫麦34在15 kg/667m2下产量最高,且差异分别达到极显著和显著水平,郑麦9023和豫麦50在20 kg/667m2下产量最高,差异达显著水平。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。