低分子量谷蛋白亚基GlU-A3和GlU-B3位点对小麦面筋强度和烘焙特性影响

低分子量谷蛋白亚基是小麦谷蛋白亚基的重要组成部分,黄淮麦区小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基组成对品质的效应尚缺乏系统的研究。本研究采用SDS-PAGE方法,鉴定了黄淮麦区42个小麦品种的Glu-A3位点和Glu-B3位点低分子量谷蛋白亚基组成,分析了低分子量谷蛋白亚基对小麦面筋强度和烘烤品质的影响。结果表明,在Glu-A3位点,对面筋强度和面包烘焙品质正向效应为:d,b>a,e;在Glu-B3位点,对面筋强度正效应为:h,d>f>g,b,j,对面包烘焙品质正向效应为:h>f,d>g,b,j。Glu-A3d/Glu-B3h亚基组合具有较好的面筋强度和烘焙品质。就低分子量谷蛋白亚基单个变异位点对品质综合效应而言,Glu-B3位点对品质作用比较大,与Glu-B1位点相近,同时,高低分子量谷蛋白亚基之间存在着互作效应,以Glu-B1/Glu-A3和Glu-D1/Glu-B3位点的互作效应比较显著。Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点及其所编码的不同亚基种类对品质的效应差异显著,并且与高分子量谷蛋白亚基位点存在互作,对不同位点优质亚基的聚合将有助于小麦品质的遗传改良。     

黄淮麦区南片小麦Glu-3位点等位变异分析

小麦的加工品质与低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)组成息息相关。为了尽快改良黄淮麦区小麦加工品质,应用STS分子标记与SDS-PAGE相结合的方法对小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3、Glu-B3与Glu-D3位点的等位基因变异类型进行检测。结果表明:黄淮麦区南片356份小麦品种(系)中共检测到15种Glu-3位点等位变异,Glu-A3位点含Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3c和Glu-A3d共4种等位变异,其分布频率分别为12.1%,13.5%,41.0%,33.4%;GluB3位点含Glu-B3a、Glu-B3b、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3f、Glu-B3g、Glu-B3h、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3j共8种等位变异,其分布频率分别为8.71%,8.99%,23.0%,5.90%,7.30%,3.65%,0.28%,42.1%;Glu-D3位点含Glu-D3a、Glu-D3b和Glu-D3c共3种等位变异,其分布频率分别为40.2%,29.8%,30.0%。等位变异组合Glu-A3c/Glu-B3j/Glu-D3a分布频率最高(10.7%)。通过优质亚基的转育,多个优质亚基的聚合,将有助于改良我国小麦的品质。     

CIMMYT引入小麦材料HMW-GS组成研究

利用SDS-PAGE技术对385份CIMMYT种质进行高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析。结果表明:Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点上变异类型丰富,共存在11亚基与24种组合类型,优质亚基出现的频率非常高,Glu-A1位点上的1亚基的频率达到了33.5%,Glu-B1优质亚基7+8出现的频率11.2%,Glu-D1位点优质亚基5+10出现的频率达到81.3%。评分在7分以上的材料达37.8%,23个材料评分在9分以上,高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的平均得分7.08分。通过在这些材料中选取评分较高的与贵州小麦进行杂交,可有效提高贵州小麦品种的产量与品质。     

利用HMW-GS全缺失突变体快速构建Glu-1位点近等渗入系

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(highmolecular weight glutenin subunit, HMW-GS)由Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点中含有的复等位基因编码,评价和优化Glu-1位点组合是认识与改良HMW-GS表达与功能的重要途径。本研究创制了以小偃81为背景的HMW-GS基因完全缺失突变体DLGlu1。将DLGlu1与加拿大优质强筋小麦品种Glenlea杂交,结合后代幼胚培养与分子标记辅助选择技术,在BC₃F₃种子中快速鉴定出来自Glenlea的Glu-A1a、Glu-B1al和Glu-D1d位点不同组合的7种渗入系材料,可进一步发展成一套完整的Glu-1位点有差异的近等渗入系。本研究表明,DLGlu1可用于Glu-1位点近等渗入系的快速创制,对Glu-1位点功能研究和改良具有重要价值。     

陕西省部分小麦栽培品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质关系

本研究以36个陕西省主要栽培品种为材料,利用SDS-PAGE方法分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成,并对其SDS沉淀值进行了测定,分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与代表面包烘烤品质的SDS沉淀值间的关系.结果表明:Glu-1位点存在着广泛的等位基因变异,在所分析的36个品种中,Glu-A1位点亚基1出现频率最高,为63.9%;Glu-B1位点等位基因变异最丰富,其中亚基7 8和7 9出现频率最高,其次为亚基14 15;Glu-D1位点亚基组成以2 12为主;对各位点品质评分与SDS沉淀值的简单相关分析结果表明各位点品质评分与SDS沉淀值均存在着显著或极显著相关关系,各位点影响大小依次为Glu-D1＞Glu-A1＞Glu-B1;Glu-1品质评分与SDS沉淀值极显著正相关.     

麦谷蛋白亚基Clu-1和Glu-3位点基因等位变异对小麦品质特性的影响

甲单向一步SDS-PAGE方法分析表明亲本品种Suneca和Cook在麦谷蛋白亚基的5个位点(Glu-B1,Glu-D1,Glu-A3,Glu-B3和Glu-D3)均含不同等位基因。本研究重点对Suneca×Cook的F_4代群体中在麦谷蛋白亚基位点均为纯合基因的60个系的出粉率(FY),面粉蛋白质含量(FP)及和面时间(PTM)进行了分析,以研究麦谷蛋白各亚基位点等位基因变异及位点间互作对小麦品质特性的影响。结果表明,不同基因型间出粉率无显著差异,Glu-D1位点等位基因d和a对FP的效应存在显著差异,Glu-Dld基因(编码5 10亚基)的正效应显著高于Glu-Dla基因(编码2 12亚基);Glu-D1、Glu-A3和Glu-B3位点上基因的等位变异对PTM有显著和极显著影响,含Glu-Dld、Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b基因的系分别比含Glu-Dla,Glu-A3d和Glu-B3h基因的系有较长的和面时间;Glu-B1位点上等位变异i和u以及Glu-D3位点等位基因b和e分别对PTM无明显影响。在这种遗传背景下,麦谷蛋白亚基位点对PTM的效应大小依次排列为Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-A3>GIu-B1=Glu-D3。Glu-1位点和Glu-3位点间对和面特性的影响存在累加效应和互作效应。     

利用RIL群体分析HMW-GS对小麦品质性状的量化效应

利用重组自交系群体——RIL-8群体的131个系及其亲本为材料,分析了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及亚基组合对10个小麦品质性状的量化效应及其差异。结果表明,RIL-8群体Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点编码的亚基分别为 1、N,7+9、7+8和5+10、2+12,主要存在7种亚基组合类型。同一位点不同亚基对面粉吸水率、Zeleny沉淀值、面团形成时     

3个新疆地方小麦品种Glu-A3位点低分子量谷蛋白亚基新基因的序列分析

麦谷蛋白可分为高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS),其中低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对小麦品质具有重要影响.本文采用PCR方法从中国小麦微核心种质中的3个新疆小麦品种红春麦(新疆玛纳斯)、红春麦(新疆昌吉)和红金包银(新疆伊吾)中分别得到了3个低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-CS)新基因(GenBank:DQ519084、DQ519085和DQ517534).它们具有LMW-i型基因的典型结构特征,与已报道的Glu-A3位点编码的LMW-GS基因序列有很高的一致性,高达79.06%～94.24%.DQ519084和DQ517534在C末端保守区有9个半胱氨酸残基,DQ519085其编码区内存在1个提前终止密码子,推测其为假基因.     

Glu-1和Glu-3等位变异对小麦加工品质的影响

Glu-1位点等位基因编码的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）和Glu-3位点等位基因编码的低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。用优质面包小麦中优9507的两个杂交组合，即中优9507/鲁麦5号和中优9507/晋麦45 F5代，澳大利亚优质面包小麦Sunstate的两个杂交组合，即Sunstate/济南16和Sunstate/鲁麦21 F2     

小麦重组自交系群体HMW-GS的检测与分析

利用重组自交系群体--RILL-8群体的131个系为材料,检测和分析了其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及亚基组合.结果表明,RIL-8群体Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点编码的亚基分别为1、N,7 9、7 8和5 10、2 12,主要存在7种亚基组合类型.不同亚基及亚基组合类型在相同位点上仅存在1对等位基因差异,可以用其进行相同位点不同亚基及亚基组合对品质性状效应值的估算.     

The high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits and ω-gliadin composition of bread and durum wheats commonly grown in Portugal

A collection of 63 bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) and 21 durum wheats (Triticum durum Desf.) commonly grown in Portugal since 1982 were characterized for the composition of wheat storage proteins (WSP), high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and ω-gliadins. The composition of HMW-GS, LMW-GS and &-gliadins, encoded at loci Glu-1, Glu-3 and Gli-1, respectively, was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. WSP allelic compositions of bread and durum wheat patterns were given. In the bread wheats, a total of 24, 24 and 18 patterns were observed for HMW-GS, LMW-GS and ω-gliadins, respectively. Forty-two different alleles were identified for the nine loci studied, Glu-A1 (3), Glu-B1 (7), Glu-D1 (4), Glu-A3 (5), Glu-B1 (7), Glu-D3 (2), Gli-A1 (2), Gli-B1 (8) and Gli-D1 (4). In the case of durum wheats, 19 alleles were identified: one allele at Glu-A1, two at Glu-B3, Glu-B2 and Gli-A1, three at Glu-B1, four at Glu-A3 and five at Gli-B1. For HMW-GS, LMW-GS and ω-gliadins, three, six and six different patterns were revealed, respectively. This study represents the first attempt to discriminate the bread and durum wheat varieties commonly grown in Portugal by the allelic variation of storage proteins. The database is useful for varietal identification and for plant breeders who seek to devise effective programmes aimed at improving wheat quality.     

Genetic variation of wheat glutenin subunits between landraces and varieties and their contributions to wheat quality improvement in China

Glutenin, one of major factors effecting bread-making quality, is comprised of a mixture of polymers, viz. high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs). Understanding variation among these glutenin subunits can help breeders determine allelic effects on specific quality traits and to use them as genetic markers. The HMW-GS and LMW-GS compositions of 390 landraces and 225 released varieties were analyzed by SDS–PAGE, and some quality traits, including Zeleny sedimentation volume, dough development time, stability time and strengths, were evaluated. The results indicated that 17 and 13 HMW-GSs were present in landraces and released varieties, respectively. For LMW-GS (Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci), 12 alleles were found in both landraces and released varieties. Total allelic richness at glutenin loci in landraces was higher, but the genetic dispersion index was lower than in released varieties. Two new subunit combinations 6 + 16 and 7 + 22, and some rare subunits 6 + 9*, 23 + 22, 6* + 8, 7 and 8, were identified in landraces and released varieties. The Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 loci had significantly positive effects. Based on the comparison of the effect of each subunit on quality, it was concluded that subunits 1 at Glu-A1, 13 + 16, 17 + 18 and 6 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, Glu-A3b at Glu-A3 and Glu-B3d at Glu-B3 contributed larger positive effects on bread-making quality than alternative alleles. From this study, genetic materials with strong gluten and good quality were identified in landraces that did not carry the 1BL.1RS translocation.     

HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成及1BL/1RS易位对春小麦品质性状的影响

分析了221份春小麦品种（系）的HMW-GS、LMW-GS组成和1BL/1RS易位状况,并用其中104份品种（系）研究了HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异及1BL/1RS易位对品质性状的影响。结果表明,1、7+9、5+10、GluA3a和GluB3j分布较广,频率分别为57.5%、45.2%、63.8%、29.0%和42.5%。1BL/1RS易位系相当普遍,西北春麦区和东北春麦区频率分别为44.3     

高分子量谷蛋白单亚基缺失对软质小麦宁麦9号加工品质的影响

基因敲除是研究高分子量谷蛋白(HMW-GS)亚基功能的重要方法。本研究以软质小麦宁麦9号野生型及其单亚基缺失系为材料,探讨了HMW-GS缺失对籽粒品质性状、谷蛋白组分含量和加工品质的影响。在29份参试品系中,野生型有3个穗系,Glu-A1x、Glu-B1x、Glu-B1y、Glu-D1x和Glu-D1y缺失型分别有5、7、5、5和4份。野生型与缺失型,以及缺失型之间的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、籽粒硬度和溶剂保持力无显著差异。缺失型的谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白、高分量谷蛋白/低分子量谷蛋白含量比值低于野生型,其中Glu-B1x和Glu-D1x缺失型的比值显著低于野生型(P<0.05)。缺失型的揉面仪峰值时间和8 min带宽变异范围分别为1.38~1.64 min和3.38%~3.98%,显著低于野生型的2.00 min和4.57% (P<0.05),以Glu-B1x和Glu-D1x缺失型表现最低。与野生型相比,缺失型的糖酥饼干直径均有增加,其中Glu-B1x、Glu-B1y和Glu-D1y缺失型饼干直径的增加达显著水平(P<0.05),而缺失型之间的差异不显著。在宁麦9号背景下,高分子量麦谷蛋白单亚基缺失弱化了面筋强度,改善了糖酥饼干加工品质,亚基敲除可能是进一步提高软质小麦加工品质的有效途径。     

Genetic diversity of European spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L. em. Thell.) revealed by glutenin subunit variations at the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci

Summary High and low molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) compositions of 270 European spelts, 15 Iranian spelts and 25 bread wheat cultivars were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results revealed a total of 22 HMW-GS alleles (4 at Glu-A1, 11 at Glu-B1 and 7 at Glu-D1) and 32 allele combinations among the three Glu-1 loci. Two major genotypes of HMW-GS: 1, 13+16, 2+12 and 1, 6.1+22.1, 2+12 were found to occur in Central European spelt wheat cultivars and landraces at higher frequencies of 35 and 28%, respectively. The Glu-B1 locus displayed the greatest variation and genetic diversity index (H) was 0.69 whereas Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 showed H index values of 0.26 and 0.19, respectively. The dendrogram constructed by HMW and LMW glutenin subunit bands revealed that European spelts form a separated cluster from common wheat suggesting that spelt and common wheat form distinct groups. In addition, all 15 Iranian spelt land variety accessions differed from European spelts and possessed similar HMW-GS alleles to common wheat. Because of a wider polymorphism Central European spelt wheats are an important genetic reserviour for improving common wheat quality. Both authors contributed equally to this work     

Allelic variation at the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glu-1</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glu-3</Emphasis> loci,presence of the 1B.1R translocation,and their effects on mixographic properties in Chinese bread wheats

Allelic variations at the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci play an important role in determining dough properties and bread-making quality. Two hundred and fifty-one cultivars and advanced lines from four major Chinese wheat-producing zones in the autumn-sown wheat regions were used to investigate the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW GS) composition controlled by the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci, respectively, as well as the presence of the 1B.1R translocation, and to determine the association of storage protein composition with protein content, SDS sedimentation value, and dough-mixing properties measured by mixograph. Three, nine, and four allelic variations were present at Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1, respectively. Subunits 1, N, 7+8, 7+9, and 2+12 are the dominant HMW GS, with frequencies of 51.3, 39.4, 38.2, 45.0, and 59.8%, respectively. Five and eight allelic variations were present at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci (data of Glu-D3 were not available), Glu-A3a, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3j (presence of the 1B.1R translocation), and Glu-B3d are the dominant LMW GS, with frequencies of 37.1, 31.7, 44.6, and 20.3%, respectively. The frequencies of allelic variation at Glu-1 and Glu-3 differ greatly in different regions. The effects of HMW GS and LMW GS on SDS sedimentation value, mixing time, and mixing tolerance were significant at P = 0.01, with Glu-D1 and Glu-B3 showing the largest contributions to mixing time and mixing tolerance. Averaged data from two locations showed that the quality effects of glutenin loci could be ranked as Glu-B3 > Glu-B1 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1 > Glu-A3 for SDS sedimentation value, Glu-D1 > Glu-B3 > Glu-A1 = Glu-B1 = Glu-A3 for mixing time, and Glu-D1 > Glu-B3 = Glu-B1 > Glu-A3 > Glu-A1 for mixing tolerance, respectively. The significant and negative effect of the 1B.1R translocation on dough properties was confirmed. It was concluded that the high frequency of undesirable HMW GS and LMW GS and the presence of the 1B.1R translocation are responsible for the weak gluten property of Chinese germplasm; hence, reducing the frequency of the 1B.1R translocation and integration of desirable subunits at Glu-1 and Glu-3 such as 1, 7+8, 14+15, 5+10, Glu-A3d, and Glu-B3d, could lead to the improvement of gluten quality in Chinese wheats.     

小麦F4籽粒中Glu-1基因的遗传多态性

采用10％SDS—PAGE方法分析JY97—1／blosky和JY97—2／blosky各10个株系100个单株500粒F4籽粒的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW—GS)组成，结果表明：1．Glu—D1位点的5 10，5 12的遗传在JY97—1／blosky后代中符合一对相对基因的分离。2．JY97—2／blosky后代HMW—GS组成类型变异极其丰富。在G1u—A1，G1u—B1和G1u—D1三个位点上分别检测到2，9和6种不同的亚基类型，在Glu—A1位点上1亚基和null的频率分别为52．85％和47．15％；Glu—B1位点上的变异最丰富，出现20；7 8 9；6 8等七种新的等位基因类型；Glu—D1位点存在2 5 10；2 12，5 10；5 12等四种新的等位基因类型。最优亚基组合1，7 8，5 10的比例为11．84％。3．两个组合中Glu—B1b或及Glu—B1c的不完全表达率分别为2．07％和1．9％。     

小麦Glu-1位点变异和1B/1R易位对谷蛋白亚基表达量和面包加工品质的影响

选用北方冬麦区近年来育成的优质强筋品种及山东省主栽品种共42份, 采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)和凝胶色谱法(SE-HPLC)对小麦贮藏蛋白组分进行量化, 分析了不同高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成对其表达量、面团流变学特性和面包加工品质的影响。结果表明, Glu-D1位点对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的加性效应最大, 达5%显著水平, 贡献率为28.5%~71.3%。在Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点, 单个亚基对谷蛋白亚基含量和加工品质的贡献分别为1>2*>N和5+10>2+12>4+12, 而在Glu-B1位点, 则表现为差异不显著。不同亚基组合的HMW–GS表达量差异达5%显著水平, 相同亚基组合的品种间贮藏蛋白组分表达量的变异较大, 亚基表达量的差异可能是导致品种间品质差异的重要原因。1B/1R易位显著降低LMW-GS、谷蛋白总量和%UPP, 导致加工品质变劣。选择具有优质亚基组合, 且谷蛋白亚基表达量高的类型, 是有效改良面筋强度, 进一步提高优质新品种选育的有效途径。     

高分子量谷蛋白5+10亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记辅助选择在小麦品质育种中的应用

谷蛋白亚基组成对小麦加工品质具有重要作用。以豫麦34、藁城8901和中优9507为优质亲本,以轮选987、石4185和周麦16为农艺回交亲本,采用5+10亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记结合田间农艺性状选择,育成4个BC₂F₄群体共125个高代品系。2008—2009年度,将这些高代品系分别种植于北京和河南安阳,分析了5+10亚基和1B/1R易位对蛋白质含量、和面时间和峰值曲线面积等品质参数的影响。4个群体中蛋白质含量与和面时间、峰值曲线面积等参数变幅较大,后代品系间品质差异明显,5+10亚基可显著增加和面时间和峰值曲线面积,1B/1R易位对和面时间和峰值曲线面积的作用则受遗传背景的影响。和面时间和峰值曲线面积等主要品质参数还受亚基表达量的影响,和面时间和峰值曲线面积与低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量显著正相关(r = 0.38~0.74,P < 0.05),导入5+10亚基可显著增加高分子量和低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量;Glu-B3位点等位基因的变化对高分子量谷蛋白亚基含量的影响不显著,对低分子量谷蛋白亚基含量的影响则因组合而异。通过有限回交,育种早代在室内采用5+10优质亚基和1B/1R易位分子标记辅助选择,结合田间农艺性状选择,可以加速培育优质新品种。     

Glu-1位点等位变异及表达量对麦谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布的影响

选用我国春播麦区23份(试验I)和北部冬麦区21份(试验II)品种(系),研究了Glu-1位点等位变异及其亚基表达量对谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布的影响。结果表明,Glu-1位点等位变异及其亚基表达量显著影响谷蛋白聚合体的粒度分布,且影响程度受蛋白质含量,尤其是高分子量谷蛋白总量水平的影响。在高分子量谷蛋白总量较低时(试验I),Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点对不溶性谷蛋白大聚体含量(UPP)及其占聚合体蛋白总量的百分比(%UPP)的加性效应都达1%显著水平;Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点单个亚基对两者的贡献分别为7^OE+8^* >7+9 >17+18 >7+8和5+10 >2+12,具有5+10亚基组合的%UPP显著高于具有2+12的亚基组合。高分子量谷蛋白的亚基表达量与UPP含量呈高度正相关,相关系数为0.79~0.93(P < 0.01)。而在高分子量谷蛋白总量较高时(试验II),仅Glu-D1位点对%UPP的加性效应达5%显著水平,5+10亚基对%UPP的贡献显著高于2+12和4+12;亚基组合间的聚合体粒度分布无显著差异。高分子量谷蛋白的亚基表达量与UPP含量的相关系数为0.42~0.86(P < 0.05或0.01)。结合高分子量谷蛋白表达量和优质亚基进行选择,能有效提高不溶性谷蛋白大聚体的含量和相对比例,有利于面筋强度和加工品质的进一步提高。