不同氮磷钾配比及其含量对番茄穴盘苗生长的影响

试验以不同浓度的氮、磷、钾作肥料,用草炭、蛭石作育苗基质,运用正交试验设计,进行了番茄穴盘育苗研究。研究结果表明,不同肥料种类与施肥量对番茄幼苗生长的影响具有显著差异,施用磷肥与番茄幼苗株高和干物质量增长的相关性达到差异显著或极显著水平,磷是培育优质壮苗的重要营养元素;氮、磷、钾配合施用,是培育优质壮苗的关键。番茄穴盘育苗混合基质中的最佳N、P2O5、K2O比例为1∶2∶1,最佳施肥量依次为:0.2,0.4,0.2kg/m3。     

茄果类蔬菜育苗基质优化施肥技术研究

运用正交试验设计,在以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为原料的育苗基质中,加入不同浓度的氮、磷、钾肥料,进行了番茄、茄子和甜椒等茄果类蔬菜穴盘育苗试验.结果表明,不同施肥品种与施肥量对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响具有显著差异,特别是增施磷肥可使幼苗株高和干物重增加,相关性达到显著或极显著水平,是培育优质壮苗的重要营养元素;同时,要注意氮、磷、钾肥料配合施用,以提高壮苗水平.供试育苗基质的最佳N、P2O5、K2O施肥量分别为番茄0.2 kg/m2、0.4 kg/m2、0.2 kg/m2,茄子0.8 kg/m2、0.4 kg/m2、0.2 kg/m2,甜椒0.4 kg/m2、0.4 kg/m2、0.4 kg/m2     

纸钵育苗对番茄、辣椒幼苗生长和壮苗指数的影响

以番茄和辣椒为试验材料,比较纸钵育苗与穴盘育苗对幼苗生长及壮苗指数的影响.试验结果表明,采用纸钵培育的番茄、辣椒幼苗生长发育、物质积累、根系生长和壮苗指数等各项性状指标均不同程度优于穴盘培育,其幼苗生长较好,质量较高.其中番茄幼苗对水肥适应性相对较强,2种育苗方式的幼苗质量差异较小,纸钵育苗提高幼苗质量的作用相对较小;而辣椒幼苗对水肥适应性相对较弱,2种育苗方式的幼苗质量差异较大,纸钵育苗能大幅提高幼苗质量.应用纸钵育苗技术能更好地调控育苗基质的环境质量,促使番茄、辣椒幼苗稳定高效生长,提高壮苗指数,在生产应用中有较大优势.     

番茄营养液育苗与基质育苗对比试验

为探明营养液育苗和基质育苗对番茄生长发育的影响,对比了2种育苗方式下番茄苗的壮苗指数、坐果情况及产量差异。试验结果表明,采用营养液培育的番茄幼苗地下部更健壮,壮苗指数较高;采用基质穴盘培育的番茄定植后前期长势、结果率、产量更好,但差异并不显著,两者均适宜在集约化育苗场大规模生产应用。     

厚皮甜瓜无土育苗基质的优化施肥技术研究

应用正交试验设计,对厚皮甜瓜无土育苗基质中的最佳施肥量进行了研究。结果表明,增施磷肥可显著促进幼苗生长、干物质积累和对养分的平衡吸收,磷肥是培育优质壮苗的重要营养元素;厚皮甜瓜无土育苗基质的最佳施肥量每m3为:N0.4、P2O50.4、K2O0.1kg。     

不同肥料配方对番茄复合基质育苗的影响

在温室条件下,测定不同肥料配方的复合育苗基质中番茄的生长状况,以确定番茄穴盘育苗最佳肥料配方。结果表明:配方处理1(山崎番茄配方(1978))对番茄幼苗的叶展、株高、茎粗、干物重指标显著好于其它3个处理,但根冠比略低于处理4(对照),但也显著好于其它各处理。试验条件下,配方1是培育番茄穴盘苗的最佳肥料配方。     

不同肥料配方对番茄复合基质育苗的影响

本文以复合基质育苗的无土栽培方式为研究内容,在大棚温室条件下,通过在含有不同肥料配方的育苗基质（草炭：蛭石=2：1）中,进行番茄穴盘育苗。试验中分成4个处理,其中包括3个不同肥料配方和空白对照,每个处理分3次重复,最后测定番茄幼苗的各项生长指标。试验结果表明：在含有肥料配方2的基质中幼苗的株高、茎粗、干物重3项指标明显优于其它3个处理,肥料配方1的叶展指标最好,还有3项指标：株高、茎粗、干物重和肥料配方2无显著差异。处理3中含有的肥料配方3对番茄幼苗的各项生长指标都有明显的抑制作用。从而得出,本试验条件下,肥料配方2是培育番茄穴盘苗的最佳肥料配方。     

无土育苗基质不同施肥量对西瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

应用正交试验设计,研究了无土育苗基质不同施肥量对西瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响。结果表明,增施磷肥可显著促进幼苗生长、干物质积累和养分的平衡吸收,提高幼苗的壮苗指数,是培育西瓜壮苗的关键技术措施。西瓜无土育苗基质每m3的最佳施肥量分别为N0.4、P2O50.4、K2O0.1kg。     

厚皮甜瓜无土育苗基质的优化施肥技术研究

应用正交试验设计，对厚皮甜瓜无土育苗基质中的最佳施肥量进行了研究。结果表明，增施磷肥可显著促进幼苗生长，干物质积累和对养分的平衡吸收，磷肥是培育优质壮苗的重要营养元素；厚皮甜瓜无土育苗基质的最佳施肥量每m^3为：N0．4、P2O5 0．4、K2O 0．1kg。     

无土育苗基质不同施肥量对西瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

应用正交试验设计，研究了无土育苗基质不同施肥量对西瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响。结果表明，增施磷肥可显著促进幼苗生长、干物质积累和养分的平衡吸收，提高幼苗的壮苗指数，是培育西瓜壮苗的关键技术措施。西瓜无土育苗基质每m^3的最佳施肥量分别为N 0．4、P2O5 0．4、K2O 0．1kg。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量