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肌肉注射是兽医临床治疗最常用、最方便的给药方法之一,是畜禽养殖中经常遇到的防病治病的重要给药途径,是从事兽医临床工作人员最基础、最具体的技术,若操作不当,则可能发生不必要的损伤,为此要熟练掌握肌肉注射技术,减少损伤, 相似文献
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兽医临床上不同的疾病有不同的治疗途径,如何给药要根据疾病的种类,并且考虑给药时达到的最佳效果,为了使药物奏效迅速、剂量准确、经济实惠,选择恰当的给药途径至关重要。以下分析几种常用的给药途径及其利弊。 相似文献
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疫苗穴位免疫研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
兽医针灸已有数千年的历史,它在防治动物疾病,促进养殖业发展方面发挥了重要的作用.而穴位免疫注射的提出则是近30年来应用于兽医临床的一种新方法.它既不同于西医的肌肉注射和静脉注射等给药途径,也不同于传统的针灸疗法,它主要是将具有免疫作用的生物制剂(抗原、抗体等)注入一定的穴位中,从而借助疫苗对穴位的刺激,放大疫苗的免疫作用,增强机体的免疫功能.它是传统的兽医针灸学与现代免疫技术的有机结合.由于它操作简单易行,效果确实,且见效快,已引起了广大学者的极大兴趣,许多单位联合攻关,从免疫机理到临床应用方面进行了广泛而深入的研究,现场试验示范应用几十万头(次),收到了可喜的效果.疫苗穴位免疫是免疫领域的一个突破性进展,它可促进兽医针灸由个体治疗向群体防治方面转移,同时可优化兽医防疫体系,提高疫苗的保护率. 相似文献
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兽医临床给药的目的在于根除病原治愈疾病、延缓疾病进程、缓解临床症状、预防疾病发生、调节机体生理机能,要求临床兽医在流行病学调查和正确诊断的基础上制定合理的给药方案以达到理想的治疗效果.作为基层临床兽医,提出以下注意事项,供参考. 相似文献
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养殖户给所饲养的家禽投药已被广泛应用 ,以下介绍几种常用的投药方法 ,供参考。1 群体给药法1 .1 混水给药 为禽病的预防和治疗 ,将药物溶于水中让家禽自由饮用是目前养鸡场最常用的方法。混水给药时 ,首先要了解药物在水中的溶解度 ,易溶于水的药物能够迅速达到规定的浓度 ,难溶于水的药物 ,若经加温、搅拌、加助溶剂后 ,如能达到规定浓度 ,也可混水给药 ,但要注意药物浓度。另外 ,要根据饮水量计算药液用量。一般情况下 ,在 2 4 h按 2 /3需水量加药 ,任其自由饮用 ,药液饮用完毕 ,再添加新鲜饮水。若使用在水中稳定性差的药物或治疗的… 相似文献
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Different central manifestations in response to electroacupuncture at analgesic and nonanalgesic acupoints in rats: a manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging study 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6 下载免费PDF全文
Jen-Hwey Chiu Mao-Shu Chung Hui-Cheng Cheng Tzu-Cheng Yeh Jen-Chuen Hsieh Chung-Yen Chang Wan-Yo Kuo Henrich Cheng Low-Tone Ho 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(2):94-101
Acupuncture analgesia is an important issue in veterinary medicine. This study was designed to elucidate central modulation effects in response to electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoints. Manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats after sham acupuncture, sham EA, or true EA at somatic acupoints. The acupoints were divided into 3 groups: group 1, analgesic acupoints commonly used for pain relief, such as Hegu (LI 4); group 2, nonanalgesic acupoints rarely used for analgesic effect, such as Neiguan (PC 6); and group 3, acupoints occasionally used for analgesia, such as Zusanli (ST 36). Image acquisition was performed on a 1.5-T superconductive clinical scanner with a circular polarized extremity coil. The results showed that there was no neural activation caused by EA at a true acupoint with shallow needling and no electric current (sham acupuncture). When EA at a true acupoint was applied with true needling but no electric current (sham EA), there was only a slight increase in brain activity at the hypothalamus; when EA was applied at a true acupoint with true needling and an electric current (true EA), the primary response at the hypothalamus was enhanced. Also, there was a tendency for the early activation of pain-modulation areas to be prominent after EA at analgesic acupoints as compared with nonanalgesic acupoints. In conclusion, understanding the linkage between peripheral acupoint stimulation and central neural pathways provides not only an evidence-based approach for veterinary acupuncture but also a useful guide for clinical applications of acupuncture. 相似文献
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穴位注射是针刺和药物结合、中医与西医相结合的一种新型疗法.在穴位注射药液,通过针刺及药物对穴位的双重作用来调整机体的机能和改变病理状态,从而达到治疗疾病的目的.在犬病临床上多用于治疗常见病、多发病和少数传染病等多种疾病.该法操作简单,用药量少,疗效显著.论文根据临床实践对穴位注射疗法的作用机理、操作方法和临床相关病例的治疗情况进行了概述. 相似文献
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Yin CS Jeong HS Park HJ Baik Y Yoon MH Choi CB Koh HG 《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(2):159-165
In acupuncture, the specificity of the point and the reproducibility of the location of the point are prerequisite to the specificity and reproducibility of research involving acupuncture stimulation. The transpositional method, which locates animal acupoints (AAs) on the surface of animal skin corresponding to the anatomic site of a human acupoint, has been generally adopted for research modeling. However, there remains a lack of consensus on the specific location of AA among researchers. The potential problems that the discrepancy in acupoint locating methods causes include the attempt to compare research results. This report is a conceptual study that calls attention to the problems of inconsistency in AA location, and proposes a transpositional 121 AA system in a mouse and rat model. Further discussion, and the establishment of reproducible transpositional AA systems, will prompt further quantitative research and exchange of scientific ideas. 相似文献
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全面概述了加拿大的兽药管理体系,包括加拿大的兽药定义、主要管理机构及其职责和任务、兽药管理的法律法规和主要内容等,进而对加拿大在兽药管理制度及体系方面的改革和完善进程做一简要介绍,为我国兽药法制化管理的进一步发展提供了可借鉴的信息。 相似文献
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从兽药管理法规、兽药监督管理部门、新兽药的研制、兽药注册管理、兽药生产许可证和GMP、兽药经营许可与GSP、进口兽药管理和兽药分类管理等八个方面,分别列举和比较了中国与欧盟的法律法规、行政设置和管理规定. 相似文献
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兽用头孢菌素类抗生素研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
头孢菌素类抗生素具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强等特点,在人类医学领域应用十分广泛。在兽医临床中,由于药物种类较少及不规范使用而易使细菌产生交叉耐药性,头孢菌素的应用受到一定程度的限制。文章围绕兽用头孢菌素的发展历程、作用机制、药物代谢动力学与安全性等方面,总结了畜禽专用头孢菌素主要种类、抗菌活性及其在动物体内的药动学参数,比较了兽用头孢菌素的抗菌活性,以及其对敏感菌感染疾病的治疗效果。同时概述了头孢菌素类抗生素耐药性产生机制与耐药现状,并分析比较了各国在此类药物耐药性控制中采取的举措。通过对兽用头孢菌素类抗生素的发展及临床应用进行综述,有利于促进头孢菌素在兽医临床中的科学规范使用。 相似文献
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Electroacupuncture-induced neural activation detected by use of manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging in rabbits 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Chiu JH Cheng HC Tai CH Hsieh JC Yeh TC Cheng H Lin JG Ho LT 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(2):178-182
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on neural activity detected by use of manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and elucidate the relationship between somatic acupoint stimulation and brain activation. ANIMALS: 40 New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURE: Manganese-enhanced fMRI was performed in anesthetized rabbits manipulated with electroacupuncture (EA) on Zusanli (ST-36) and Yanglingquan (GB-34) acupoints. Image acquisition was performed on a 1.5T superconductive clinical scanner with a circular polarized extremity coil. T1-weighted images were acquired sequentially as follows: baseline, after mannitol injection, after manganese infusion, and 5 and 20 minutes after initiation of EA. RESULTS: Changes in focal neural activity were detected by use of manganese-enhanced fMRI. Stimulation on Zusanli (ST-36) for 5 minutes resulted in activation of the hippocampus, whereas stimulation on Yanglingquan (GB-34) resulted in activation of the hypothalamus, insula, and motor cortex. Activation became less specific after 20 minutes of EA. Furthermore, stimulation on ipsilateral acupoints led to bilateral brain activation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Each acupoint has a corresponding cerebral linkage, and stimulation on these points resulted in time-dependent neural activation. Understanding the linkage between peripheral acupoint stimulation and central neural pathways may provide a useful guide for clinical applications of acupuncture. 相似文献
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阿莫西林在兽医临床的应用研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(2):115-118
阿莫西林(amoxicillin,AMO)是一种半合成青霉素类抗生素,具有耐酸性强、杀菌效果好、抗菌谱广、易溶于水、剂型多样等优点,被广泛应用于兽医临床。为进一步明确阿莫西林在兽医临床的应用效果,结合国内外研究现状,从理化特性、抗菌机理、安全性以及在治疗动物细菌感染性疾病中的应用等方面进行综述,以期为阿莫西林在兽医临床的科学合理使用提供参考。 相似文献
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抗菌药控缓释制剂的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
抗菌药制成控缓释制剂可减少服药次数和用药剂量,有利于降低药物的毒副作用,可延长有效浓度维持时间,以便更好地发挥抗菌作用。目前上市的抗菌药控缓释制剂类型和品种日渐增多,有经化学结构改造的长效抗生素,还有非胃肠道给药的乳剂,植入式药弹,缓释片和胶囊,局部药物释放系统,DepoFoam等药物缓释系统,国内外许多医疗领域(如器官移植、五官科、呼吸科、骨科等)均有其研究和应用的报道。文章就抗菌药控缓释制剂的制剂新技术、国内外研究应用概况、在兽医临床上的应用情况以及存在的问题进行了综述。 相似文献