Relationship between lodging resistance of oats and the basal internode stem characteristics and lignin synthesis北大核心CSCD

Lodging is one of the important factors affecting yield and quality in oat crops. This research studied the physiological mechanisms of lodging resistance in oats，with a view to guiding future breeding. Mengyan 1 and Bayan 6 oat were included in this study as lodging-resistant varieties，while Dingyan 2 and Qingyin 2 were included as lodging-susceptible varieties. Data were collected on the morphological characteristics of basal elongation and differences in the contents of acid detergent fiber，neutral detergent fiber，cellulose and lignin and activities of key enzymes，for these oat cultivars with different lodging susceptibilities，so as to investigate the relationship between the lodging resistance of oats and the morphological characteristics and lignin content and synthase activity in the second-phase elongation at the base of stem. It was found that the amount of lodging among resistant cultivars was lighter and the lodging rate was lower than that of cultivars. The lengths of the second internode at the stem base of lodging easy cultivars were 34. 17% higher than those of lodging resistant cultivars. The internode diameter，stem wall thickness，stem weight，density，diameter，force and stem puncture force values of lodging resistant cultivars at the second internode of the stem base were，respectively，29.11%，26. 18%，25.80%，27.97%，34.61%，36.23% and 36. 60% higher than those of lodging-susceptible cultivars. The stem lignin and cellulose contents of cultivars resistant to lodging were significantly （P<0. 05） higher than those of cultivars susceptible to lodging. Lignin content was significantly （P<0. 01） positively correlated with the internode breaking force and puncture strength of the second internode at the stem base （r=0.9862 and r=0.9638，respectively），and significantly negatively correlated with the observed lodging rate（P<0.05，r=−0.9407）. Lignin synthetase tyrosine ammonialyase，phenylalanine aminotransferase，cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 4-coumaric acid of CoA ligase in stems of lodging-resistant cultivars showed higher activities，resulting in accumulation of lignin at the internodes of the second elongation at the base of stem，which increased the lignification of cell walls and the mechanical strength of stems，and thus enhanced lodging resistance of the oats. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of altitude and variety on nutrient levels and epiphytes of oats北大核心CSCD

Oat crops are a major animal feed source in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and nearby areas. Typically，the crops are used for making silage rather than hay because of frequent rain at harvest in autumn. However，there is little data on how the yield，forage quality and levels of epiphytes that may affect silage quality of different oat varieties are affected by altitude. Therefore，four oat varieties（Longyan No. 3，Longyan No. 5，Baiyan No. 2 and Bayou No. 3） were planted in 8 localities forming an altitude gradient： Huangzhong （2295 m），Tianzhu （2797 m），Shandan （2860 m），Hezuo （2957 m），Haiyan （3052 m），Maqu （3474 m），Maqin （3765 m）and Chengduo （4217 m）. Measurements included crop yield and dry matter （DM），water soluble carbohydrate （WSC），crude protein （CP），neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF）contents，and counts of lactic acid bacteria （LAB），molds，yeasts and aerobic bacteria. It was found that there were significant altitude and variety effects on fresh yield，nutritional quality and microbial epiphyte counts. With increase in altitude，fresh yield，WSC，NDF and LAB counts increased（P<0.05），as much as 284. 00%，15. 49%，10.81% and 11.60% increment were observed at Chengduo site than that at Huangzhong，respectively；meanwhile DM，CP and yeast and mold counts were reduced by 15. 67%，36.27%，23.53% and 7.75% at Chengduo compared with Huangzhong site，respectively. Among the four tested varieties，Longyan No. 5 had the highest fresh yield （75605 kg·ha−1），WSC （201.4 g·kg-1 DM） and NDF （604. 2 g·kg-1 DM） at the Chengduo site，followed by Longyan No. 3. The highest CP （119.7 g· kg-1 DM） and mold counts （4.12 lg cfu·g-1 FM） were observed in Baiyan No. 2 at the Huangzhong site. Bayou No. 3 produced the highest LAB and yeast counts at Maqin and Chengduo sites. In general，Longyan No. 3 and Longyan No. 5 gave better performance at sites above 3000 m altitude；for sites below 3000 m，the four tested varieties were all found to be suitable for silage production. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

The Effect of Irrigation Period and Amount on Production Performance of Alfalfa in Haihe Plain北大核心CSCD

To explore the suitable irrigation techniques for Alfalfa in Haihe Plain, six irrigation treatments were set up to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on the yield, agronomic traits and water use efficiency of one-year and two-year Alfalfa from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that alfalfa yield increased slightly with increasing irrigation amount in Haihe Plain, but had no significant difference among six treatments. Compared with the treatment without irrigation, the cumulative increment of alfalfa yield in three years was only 6. 13 t • hm~z. The water use efficiency of Alfalfa significantly decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount (P相似文献   

Climate and land-use change jointly determine the spatial-temporal changes of ecosystem services in Hainan and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures，Qinghai Province北大核心CSCD

Evaluating the spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors of ecosystem services is fundamental to the understanding of how to maintain and improve those ecosystem services. Alpine regions are both a hotspot of ecosystem service supply，and sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. However，there are few systematic studies investigating the joint role of land-use change and climate change in shaping the spatial-temporal dynamics of alpine ecosystem services. Here，we first used models of ecosystem services to quantify changes in seven ecosystem services and in ecosystem multiserviceability from 2000 to 2015 in Haibei and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Next，we investigated the relative importance of climate change，population density change，land-use change and the interactions between climate change and land-use change effects on ecosystem services using generalized linear models. We found that ecosystem services increased in the south while decreased in the north from 2000 to 2015. Land use change（relative contribution was 34%）was the major factor affecting food supply. Net ecosystem productivity（NEP）was affected by temperature change（relative contribution was 77%）. Water purification（nitrogen and phosphorus retention），soil retention，water yield and water retention were affected by precipitation change （relative contributions were 63%，48%，74%，86% and 75%，respectively）. Ecosystem multiserviceability was also affected by precipitation. In addition to the service of soil retention，the effects of climate change（i. e. precipitation and temperature）on other ecosystem services and ecosystem multiserviceability varied with land-use change （interaction，P<0. 001）. Our study highlights that realizing the sustainable development of ecosystem services needs to pay attention to both land-use change and the interactions between climate change and land-use change and optimizing the spatial-temporal allocation of ecosystem services to improve ecosystem multiserviceability in alpine regions. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Temporal and spatial variation in grassland ground surface soil heat flux on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2003 to 2018北大核心CSCD

Based on measured data from 7 stations on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,the ground surface soil heat flux （G0） was calculated,and the diurnal and seasonal variations were analyzed. Combining this data with a MODIS,1 km resolution all-weather surface temperature data set for Western China and a China regional surface meteorological element driven data set,the Ma model was used to retrieve the ground surface soil heat flux of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2003 to 2018,and the differences in surface soil heat fluxes of different grassland types were analyzed. It was found that：1） The soil heat flux G0 in the surface layer was greater than that in the subsurface layers. The diurnal curve of G0 showed an inverted“U”shape,and the flux was relatively gentle at night compared with that during the day. 2） The seasonal amplitude of soil heat flux,G0 in the surface layer ranked summer>spring> autumn>winter. The average value of G0 in spring and summer was typically positive,while the average value of G0 in autumn and winter was basically negative. The ground surface soil heat flux in the northwest of the plateau in summer is higher than that in the southeast,while the opposite occurs in winter. 3） The soil heat flux of plateau grassland ranged between 40 and 80 W·m−2. The highest average value of G0 among all categories of grassland in the 16 years surveyed was 76. 557 W·m−2 for the‘desertification’category of temperate grassland,and the lowest was 46. 118 W·m−2 for the alpine meadow category. 4） The G0 of plateau grassland increased and then decreased through any one calendar year and seasonally was ranked summer>spring>autumn>winter. The lowest G0 in spring and summer occurred in alpine meadow,while the highest in spring was in‘desertification’temperate grassland and the highest in summer was in the temperate grassland category; The highest G0 in autumn and winter was in the warm shrub grassland,while the lowest was in the alpine deserts steppe. The above results can provide reference data for the study of surface energy balance of plateau grassland. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Characteristics of Evapotranspiration and Water Consumption of Typical Alpine Desert in the Tibetan Plateau During the Growing Season北大核心CSCD

To explore the law of water consumption in the underlying surface of a typical alpine desert on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we analyzed the characteristics of ET change and water consumption on different time scales based on the raw eddy-covariance data and meteorological data measured in April to August 2019 from the observation tower on Tuotuohe weather station. The maximum hourly average ET appears at 2-3 p. m, reaching 0.46 mm·h-1; The maximum value of daily ET was 8.58 mm·d-1 on July 7, and the minimum value was 0.30 mm·d-1 on April 2; The ET increased first and then decreased during the growing season, the monthly ETmax was 120.68 mm in July and the ETmin was 64.80 mm in April; The total ET in 2019 growth season was 581.15 mm and the daily average was 4.01 mm. The total precipitation of the whole growing season was 235.70 mm, according to the difference between ET and precipitation(Pr) from April to August, water vapor exchange during the plant growth season was mainly characterized by water consumption on the land surface in 2019. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Using vibrational infrared biomolecular spectroscopy to detect heat-induced changes of molecular structure in relation to nutrient availability of prairie whole oat grains on a molecular basis

Background: To our knowledge, there is little study on the interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure changes induced by different processing methods in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat processing methods on interaction between nutrient availability and molecular structure in terms of functional groups that are related to protein and starch inherent structure of oat grains with two continued years and three replication of each year.Method: The oat grains were kept as raw(control) or heated in an air-draft oven(dry roasting: DO) at 120 °C for 60 min and under microwave irradiation(MIO) for 6 min. The molecular structure features were revealed by vibrational infrared molecular spectroscopy.Results: The results showed that rumen degradability of dry matter, protein and starch was significantly lower(P 0.05) for MIO compared to control and DO treatments. A higher protein α-helix to β-sheet and a lower amide I to starch area ratio were observed for MIO compared to DO and/or raw treatment. A negative correlation(-0.99, P 0.01)was observed between α-helix or amide I to starch area ratio and dry matter. A positive correlation(0.99, P 0.01) was found between protein β-sheet and crude protein.Conclusion: The results reveal that oat grains are more sensitive to microwave irradiation than dry heating in terms of protein and starch molecular profile and nutrient availability in ruminants.     

贮藏年限对裸燕麦种带真菌和真菌毒素的影响

为明确贮藏年限对裸燕麦种带真菌和真菌毒素的影响，对同一产地收获后贮藏于相同环境下1、2、3和5年的3个裸燕麦品种分别进行了带菌情况和毒素含量检测。结果表明：随贮藏年限的延长，裸燕麦种子带菌量总体表现为降低趋势，孢子负荷量的变化范围为0.60~8.40 cfu；带菌率介于2.75%~28.50%。不同品种的带菌情况差异很大，同一品种的带菌种类和分离率随贮藏年限的变化也明显不同。从3个裸燕麦品种中共检出真菌17属33种，优势属为曲霉菌属、青霉菌属和链格孢菌属，优势种因贮藏时间和品种不同而异。裸燕麦种子的毒素含量随贮藏年限的延长则呈先升后降的趋势，3种真菌毒素中检出量最高的是细交链孢酮酸，为16.88~348.67 μg·kg^-1；桔青霉素的含量最低，变化范围为0.01~1.04 μg·kg^-1。综上，贮藏年限对裸燕麦种子的带菌情况和真菌毒素检出量影响显著。     

饲用燕麦育种研究进展与展望

燕麦是一种一年生禾本科作物，具有耐瘠薄、耐盐碱、抗旱耐寒、适应性广等特性，可广泛种植于欧洲、北美洲和亚洲的北纬40°以北的温带地区。同时，燕麦产草量高、营养价值高、适口性好、消化率高、适于青贮和调制干草，因此，燕麦是一种粮饲兼用的重要杂粮作物。根据燕麦籽粒是否被麸皮包裹可分为皮燕麦和裸燕麦。目前，我国多种植不带麸皮的裸燕麦，主要用于食用，而国外以种植带麸皮的皮燕麦为主，主要用于饲喂牲畜。在大力发展畜牧业的今天，我国的饲用燕麦品种是严重不足的。因此，我国制定并实施了“草牧业”“粮改饲”“引草入田”等系列政策，促进了饲用燕麦产业的快速发展。在国家政策和产业需求的大力支持和引导下，饲用燕麦的种植面积不断扩大，对新品种的需求也日益迫切，对饲用燕麦的育种工作也提出更高的要求。本研究综述了国内外饲草燕麦的：1）种质资源收集、整理和鉴定评价；2）常规育种的4个发展阶段；3）分子技术在燕麦科研与育种中的利用。基于以上研究的梳理总结，明确当前饲用燕麦的育种需求，分析饲用燕麦育种的重点、难点和热点问题，为我国饲用燕麦育种的现代化发展提供重要参考。     

盐碱胁迫下外源硫化氢对裸燕麦叶片氨基酸代谢过程的影响

信号硫化氢缓解植物盐碱胁迫机理备受关注。为探讨外源硫化氢对盐碱胁迫下植物氨基酸代谢的调控机制,采用盆栽土培试验,以裸燕麦品种‘定莜9号’为材料,设置盆土不添加盐碱和添加3.00 g·kg^-1盐碱(摩尔比NaCl︰Na₂SO₄︰Na₂CO₃︰Na HCO₃=12︰8︰1︰9)与抽穗期叶面喷蒸馏水和喷50μmol·L^-1硫化氢供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)溶液,共4个处理。研究其对叶片中总氨基酸、丙二醛含量和籽粒产量的影响;运用液相色谱和质谱检测,采用主成分分析22种组成蛋白质的氨基酸中差异氨基酸,解析外源硫化氢对氨基酸代谢途径的调控效应。结果表明：在裸燕麦叶片中未检出高半胱氨酸。喷施NaHS溶液对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片中总氨基酸含量下降的缓解效应不显著,对盐碱胁迫诱导的丙二醛含量的升高和籽粒产量的下降有显著的缓解作用。主成分分析结果显示：盐碱胁迫下,喷施NaHS可显著下调裸燕麦叶片中α-酮戊二酸族的鸟氨酸和草酰乙酸族的天冬酰胺含量;显著上调α-...     

干旱胁迫对燕麦幼苗叶片光合特性及活性氧清除系统的影响

为探究燕麦幼苗遭受干旱胁迫后叶片光合特性及活性氧清除系统的响应机制，本试验选用青海本地推广品种‘青燕1号’为研究对象，以PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫环境，在不同干旱浓度（CK、P₁₀和P₂₀）和不同干旱持续时间（4、7、10 d）处理下，研究燕麦幼苗干旱胁迫后对光合作用参数、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、超氧阴离子含量、过氧化氢含量及酶类抗氧化剂和非酶抗氧化剂含量的影响，为青藏高原地区抗旱燕麦品种评价提供理论依据。研究表明：1）随着胁迫程度增加叶绿素含量（Chl）显著下降，超氧阴离子（O₂^-）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量明显增加，净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、气孔导度（G_s）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和实际光化学效率（Φ_psⅡ）明显下降，而初始荧光（F_o）和非光化学淬灭（NPQ）显著增加。干旱胁迫能引起植株短时间内水分利用效率增加，但气孔关闭及光反应中心遭到破坏是光合性能减弱的主要原因。2）随胁迫浓度与胁迫时间增加酶类抗氧化剂超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）先升高后降低，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）持续增加，而非酶类抗氧化剂在干旱胁迫下均显著高于对照。轻度胁迫下，‘青燕1号’燕麦主要通过酶类抗氧化剂清除活性氧毒害物质，而在重度胁迫下主要以非酶类抗氧化剂清除系统为主。     

全生育期干旱胁迫对‘青燕1号’燕麦叶绿素荧光参数的影响

干旱是限制燕麦生长的关键因素之一，为探究干旱胁迫对燕麦光合系统的影响，选用青海省推广品种‘青燕1号’为材料，设置4个水分梯度，即正常供水（CK，75%FWC）、轻度胁迫（60%FWC）、中度胁迫（45%FWC）和重度胁迫（30%FWC）。生育期干旱胁迫分为4类，即苗期-拔节期干旱（SJ）、苗期-抽穗期干旱（SH）、苗期-开花期干旱（SF）和苗期-乳熟期干旱（SM），并设置全生育期正常供水作为对照处理（CK）。探讨不同生育期燕麦叶绿素荧光参数对干旱胁迫的响应，以期为青藏高原燕麦抗旱育种和节水高产栽培提供理论指导。结果表明：1） 不同胁迫程度整体影响大小为：30%FWC>45%FWC>60%FWC；2） 不同生育时期胁迫整体影响大小为：SM>SF>SH>SJ；3） 胁迫程度与胁迫时期互作（Sd×Sp）对燕麦叶绿素参数影响最为显著。在30%FWC和SM时期时，叶绿素荧光参数受到的影响最大，此时光合作用的主要限制因素是非气孔限制，主要表现为PSⅡ反应中心失活，光合电子传递受阻；在60%FWC和SJ时，其受到的影响最小，此时影响光合作用的主要因素是气孔限制； 4） 在45%FWC、SH和SF时期，燕麦可通过叶片的气孔导度调节蒸腾作用和碳同化之间的关系，从而适应干旱胁迫；5） 叶绿素荧光参数的变化，间接反映了受到干旱胁迫时，燕麦光合作用能力的变化。Y（NO）、NPQ、Y（NPQ）和β与CK相比增加了85.52%、65.21%、33.76%和26.60%，F_v、F_m、ΦPSⅡ、ETR、F_m′、F_s、F₀′、qP、F₀、α和F_v/F_m分别降低了84.86%、75.41%、75.03%、75.00%、70.89%、61.38%、57.73%、57.06%、48.86%、45.61%和38.50%。     

西北半干旱区引种燕麦品种产量与品质的关联分析及评价

为了明确不同引种燕麦品种资源的生产特性和利用潜力,应用相关和灰色关联度对22个燕麦品种的主要农艺性状和营养品质进行了关联分析和综合评价。结果表明：不同燕麦品种对同一生态环境的适应性差异较大,营养品质与农艺性状间存在显著的（P<0.05）的相关性。生育期与籽粒产量的关联度最大（0.8350）,所占权重最高（0.1146）,分蘖数与籽粒产量的关联度最低（0.6042）,所占权重最小（0.0829）,11个性状的权重大小顺序为：生育期 > 株高 > 籽粒产量 > 粗蛋白 > 淀粉 > 小穗数 > 千粒重 > 粗脂肪 > 穗粒重 > 穗粒数 > 分蘖数。通过加权关联度最优评价得出综合性状优良的皮燕麦为‘定燕2号’、‘冀张燕4号’、‘坝燕4号’,‘白燕14号’与‘冀张燕5号’加权关联度最小,裸燕麦中‘远杂2号’、‘白燕15号’和‘燕科2号’的加权关联度较大,表现突出。结果可为甘肃中部乃至西北黄土高原半干旱地区燕麦种质创新和引种推广提供科学依据。     

呼伦贝尔地区10个引进燕麦品种生产性能及饲草品质比较

为筛选出适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质燕麦品种,测定10个引进燕麦品种（青燕1号、青海444、加燕2号、青引1号、林纳、青海甜燕麦、青引2号、莫妮卡、青莜3号、骏马）的田间农艺性状、饲草产量、营养成分及籽粒产量,使用相对饲喂价值（RFV）和粗饲料分级指数（GI）对饲草品质进行评价,使用灰色关联度分析法综合评价各品种的生产性能。结果表明,供试燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区早熟,生育周期73~88 d。青海444株高最高,达到113.22 cm（P<0.05）;且其开花期的鲜草产量和干草产量均最高,分别为36623.3和9990.5 kg·hm^-2（P<0.05）。各品种燕麦的鲜、干草产量与生育周期、株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、茎粗、穗长呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与叶茎比和干鲜比呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。籽粒产量最高的是青引1号,达到5348.85 kg·hm^-2,与加燕2号无显著差异（P>0.05）,但显著高于其他品种（P<0.05）。籽粒产量与生育周期、株高、茎粗、穗长、轮层数和千粒重呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与小穗数呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。粗脂肪含量最高的是乳熟期青燕1号（P<0.05）,粗蛋白含量最高的是抽穗期青引1号（P<0.05）,粗灰分含量最高的是抽穗期青燕1号（P<0.05）,干物质最高的是抽穗期青引2号（P<0.05）。GI与RFV饲草等级划分总体趋势相同。综合分析得出,青引1号、加燕2号和青海444的生产性能、营养品质及饲喂价值表现较好,综合排名靠前,具有作为优质燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区推广种植的潜力。     

4种除草剂对皮燕麦、裸燕麦不同生育时期光合特性的影响

为探讨除草剂对燕麦光合特性的影响,采用完全随机区组设计,测定4种除草剂48%仲丁灵、40%二甲.辛酰溴、72%2,4-D丁酯和75%苯磺隆处理下皮燕麦品种陇燕3号(Avena sativa cv.Longyan No.3)和裸燕麦品种燕2号(Baiyan No.2)的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)值和净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及蒸腾速率(Tr)等光合指标。结果表明:4种除草剂均降低了皮、裸燕麦的SPAD、Pn、Gs、Tr和气孔限制值(Ls);4种除草剂对皮、裸燕麦的影响不同,其中48%仲丁灵和40%二甲.辛酰溴对光合作用影响较小,72%2,4-D丁酯和75%苯磺隆危害较大;皮、裸燕麦间对除草剂的反应存在差异,皮燕麦对4种除草剂的敏感性大于裸燕麦。     

8个燕麦品种在甘肃的产量稳定性及试点代表性研究

为了客观、准确地评价燕麦品种的稳定性和适应性,本研究采用GGE双标图对2012年甘肃省燕麦（Avena sativa）种植区域5个试点中的8个燕麦品种试验数据进行分析。结果表明：在燕麦种植区的大环境下,品种与环境互作效应对产量变异的影响约为品种效应的4.02倍。‘陇燕2号’和‘陇燕3号’属于高产、稳产性好的品种;‘青引1号’具有特殊适应性,在局部地区有推广价值。5个燕麦区试点可划分为2个不同的类型区,其中在甘肃中部半干旱地区表现最好的品种是‘陇燕1号’,在甘肃高寒阴湿区表现最好的品种是‘陇燕3号’。从环境代表性和对品种鉴别能力两方面分析,5个试点中代表性最好的是通渭,鉴别力最好的是天祝。