工夫红茶加工新工艺研究进展

工夫红茶加工工艺不断创新,品质不断提高,给消费者带来更多风味品质的选择。就工夫红茶的加工工艺及其对品质的影响展开归纳和探讨,并阐述了工夫红茶生产上的新兴技术手段,旨在为工夫红茶工艺进展和品质研究提供理论依据和参考。     

Comparative analysis of aroma compositions in different-grades Yunnan Congou black tea

[目的]分析云南工夫红茶香气主要化学物质组成,比较不同级别云南工夫红茶香气成分的差异,为提高云南红茶品质和指导生产实践提供理论依据.[方法]采用同时蒸馏萃取法富集云南工夫红茶香气物质,利用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)对不同级别的云南红茶样品进行香气成分对比分析.[结果]不同级别的云南工夫红茶香气成分组成大致相同,但含量差异较大.其中,芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物、α-松油醇和香叶醇等在高级别红茶中的含量较低级别红茶的高;而青叶醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛等则在低级别红茶中含量较高.[结论]级别越高的云南工夫红茶其香气品质越好,但不同级别的云南工夫红茶均具有滇红工夫茶香气馥郁、香高味浓的风格特征.     

不同级别云南工夫红茶香气成分比较分析

[目的]分析云南工夫红茶香气主要化学物质组成,比较不同级别云南工夫红茶香气成分的差异,为提高云南红茶品质和指导生产实践提供理论依据.[方法]采用同时蒸馏萃取法富集云南工夫红茶香气物质,利用气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)对不同级别的云南红茶样品进行香气成分对比分析.[结果]不同级别的云南工夫红茶香气成分组成大致相同,但含量差异较大.其中,芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物、α-松油醇和香叶醇等在高级别红茶中的含量较低级别红茶的高;而青叶醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛等则在低级别红茶中含量较高.[结论]级别越高的云南工夫红茶其香气品质越好,但不同级别的云南工夫红茶均具有滇红工夫茶香气馥郁、香高味浓的风格特征.     

不同干燥方式对运用摇青工艺制作的工夫红茶品质的影响

为探究不同干燥方式对运用摇青工艺加工制作的工夫红茶品质的影响,以碧香早一芽二三叶茶鲜叶为试验材料,采用烘-烘-烘、烘-炒-烘、烘-炒-炒3种干燥方式制作工夫红茶,考察其外观品质和生化成分等指标,结果表明,3种干燥方式中,以烘-炒-烘的干燥方式制得的红茶品质最优,条索紧结,干茶色泽乌黑尚油润,花甜香较浓,汤色红明亮,滋味甜醇爽口,叶底红亮匀齐;其茶多酚、儿茶素、茶黄素和茶红素等的含量均高于其他两个处理。     

摇青工艺在工夫红茶加工过程中的应用研究

为了提高工夫红茶的品质,给消费者提供更多风味品质的选择,增加工夫红茶产品的附加值,将乌龙茶生产中的摇青工艺应用于传统工夫红茶的生产过程中。结果表明:与传统工艺红茶相比,摇青工艺红茶汤色红艳明亮、滋味甜爽浓厚、香高持久,带兰花香、叶底红匀明亮,具有独特的品质风味,且内含成分中氨基酸与茶黄素、茶红素的含量较高,其中又以中度摇青处理的品质最佳。这表明对萎凋叶进行中度摇青处理,能显著提升工夫红茶的品质,可在工夫红茶生产过程中推广应用。     

云南红茶品质特点的比较分析研究

为发挥云南红茶独特的品质优势,通过对云南主要红茶产区进行实地调查,并收集不同产区、不同生产厂家的部分红茶样品,测定红茶样品的水分、灰分、茶多酚、茶红素、茶黄素、茶褐素等主要理化指标,通过感官审评和理化分析对云南红茶的品质特点进行初步分析。结果表明：云南红茶中的茶多酚、茶红素、茶黄素含量较高;工夫红茶中临沧地区的茶叶感官审评品质优于其它地区;灰分含量红碎茶稍高于工夫茶,茶多酚含量则相反;整体上云南红茶品质较好,地区之间有所差异,而以临沧地区的红茶品质较优。云南红茶在风味和地域性的香气组成及特点等方面值得更深入地去研究。     

不同工艺对红茶品质的影响

就加工工艺对红茶品质的影响展开探究,选择3个品种的工夫红茶、针形红茶以及螺旋形红茶的制作工艺展开对比。结果显示,红茶品质由高到低的排序依次为针形红茶、螺旋形红茶、工夫红茶。     

仪器检测工夫红茶发酵适度在生产中的应用研究

使用“一种确定工夫红茶发酵适度的新方法”(Z1200810073664.5)(下称仪器检测主法)控制工夫红茶发酵适度,并与传统的以人的感官判断法进行比较,结果表明:仪器检测方法操作简便、及时,检测结果具有重现性和可操作性,用该方法在实际生产中检测判断发酵适度,可实现用科学计量上的品质指标来控制工夫红茶品质的形成,克服以人的感官判断造成的模糊性与不确定件,有利于实施标准化操作,从而减少不合格品的产生,最终达到稳定、提高工夫红茶产品质量的目的.     

浅谈红茶加工及销售存在的问题与改进措施

正1红茶的分类与加工技术红茶是我国生产和出口的主要茶类之一,素以香高、色艳、味浓驰名世界。红茶属于全发酵茶类,基本工序是萎凋、揉捻(切)、发酵、干燥。红茶最基本的品质特征是红汤、红叶、味甘醇。红茶分小种红茶、工夫红茶和红碎茶三种,品质特征各异。1.1工夫红茶的品质与加工技术工夫红茶因产地不同而风格有异。品质特征:原料细嫩,外形条索     

陕南工夫红茶加工制作技术

工夫红茶是我国特有的红茶花色品种,在国际市场上具有一定的竞争力。近年来,工夫红茶在国内市场上有抬头之势,也因此带动了陕南工夫红茶加工技术的进步。通过对外形、汤色、香气、滋味、和叶底5个因子来进行鉴定,陕南工夫红茶的品质在全国同类产品中,居于上乘。     

鹿苑茶加工过程中品质的变化

对鹿苑茶加工过程中主要化学成份的变化进行了研究。结果表明，随着加工进程，茶多酚总量降低，表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)和表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)含量降低，儿茶素(C)和表儿茶素(EC)含量增加，茶黄素、茶红素和茶褐素含量呈增加趋势；氨基酸、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量先增后降；叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量呈下降趋势。首次应用测色技术对鹿苑茶加工过程色泽的变化进行研究，结果显示鹿苑茶干茶和茶汤a^*值均为负值，随加工的进程而增加，绝对值减少；干茶和茶汤b^*值都为正值，其中干茶b^*值随加工的进程而减少，茶汤b^*值的变化趋势则相反。     

红小豆籽粒色泽性状F2世代分离分析

籽粒色泽是小豆商品性的重要特征之一,探明其基因遗传信息对制定小豆品质育种策略具有现实指导意义。应用作物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的分离分析法,对4个小豆杂交组合的F2单世代籽粒色泽明度指数(L*)、红度指数(a*)、黄度指数(b*)的遗传参数进行了估计。结果表明:(1)初步推测控制小豆籽粒的L*,a*,b*性状的基因对数均为2对主基因;(2)L*的主基因遗传率为73.31%~96.88%;a*的主基因遗传率为67.62%~95.03%;b*的主基因遗传率为77.25%~88.77%。     

8种工夫红茶的色素含量、茶汤色差值与感官品质间的相关性探讨

通过测定8种工夫红茶样品的色素含量、茶汤色差参数值,并与感官审评评分相结合,研究不同色素含量的红茶与茶汤色差参数值的差异性,及其与感官审评评分之间的相互关系,从而探索以茶汤色差对红茶品质进行有效判别的方法。结果表明,红茶色素含量与感官品质审评评分呈二次相关关系(y=-0.7123x2+115.16x-4635.1);感官品质审评评分与茶汤明亮度表征量"L"值呈极显著负相关,与红绿色度表征量"a"值、黄蓝色度表征量"b"值、色度值表征量"Cab"值、色彩饱和度表征量"Sab"值、色差值表征量"ΔE"值呈极显著或显著正相关;茶汤明亮度表征量"L"值、色相角表征量"Hab"值与红茶色素TR、TF呈正相关,与TB呈负相关;红绿色度表征量"a"值、黄蓝色度表征量"b"值、色度值表征量"Cab"值、色差值表征量"ΔE"值与红茶色素TR、TB呈正相关,与TF呈负相关;色彩饱和度表征量"Sab"值与红茶色素TB呈正相关,与TR、TF呈负相关;红茶色素TB与"L"值呈显著负相关,与"a""Sab"值呈显著正相关。因此,用色差参数L、a、b、Cab、Sab、ΔE来反映红茶品质是可行的。     

基于模糊C均值的桉树茎切片图像纤维细胞区域提取技术

介绍了一种自适应提取桉树茎切片图像中纤维细胞区域的图像处理技术．先制作桉树茎切片,通过数码显微镜获取桉树茎切片彩色图像．将彩色图像转换为CIE L^*a^*b^*彩色空间,用模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)对a^*、b^*通道进行模糊聚类分析,计算出各种颜色细胞的聚类中心,以各个象素a^*、b^*分量的值与各个聚类中心之间的欧氏距离来区分各种细胞,然后提取出纤维细胞区域．结果表明,在CIE L^*a^*b^*空间使用FCM方法是提取桉树茎切片图像纤维细胞区域的有效方法．     

鲜加盐白面条色泽及其影响因素的研究

研究了黑龙江省小麦品种龙麦26和龙辐麦12在四个加水量水平28%～40%下的鲜加盐白面条(FWSN)制作与色泽.结果表明,两个品种FWSN加水量在28%～32%时,亮度(L*)显著降低,黄度(b*)显著增大;加水量在32%～45%时,L*值升高,b*值降低.两个品种FWSN放置24 h后,随着加水量提高,L*值降低,红度a*值显著增加,b*值变化不大.在加水量28%,放置3 h和24 h,FWSN的L*值较高.FWSN在储藏期间色泽稳定性和保持性很关键.结果表明,两个品种放置3～72 h,FWSN的L*值显著降低.对于不同地点种植的龙麦26和龙辐麦12,蛋白质含量与FWSN的L*值显著负相关(r=-0.446,p=0.05).随着出粉率提高,FWSN的L*值显著降低.不同地点种植的龙麦26和龙辐麦12,多酚氧化酶活性对FWSN色泽影响不大.     

小豆粒色性状的遗传变异研究

对B-1、JN001、JN5、L-I-10、NL3、北尾大纳言、HB801等7个小豆品种组配的13个杂交组合F2世代植株籽粒颜色的遗传变异进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)在不同杂交组合中,F2世代小豆籽粒种皮色泽的L*、a*、b*遗传力、遗传变异系数、遗传进度以及相对遗传进度等遗传参数具有明显差异。(2)在红粒品种与白粒品种杂交组合中,F2世代小豆籽粒种皮色泽的L*、a*、b*遗传变异大于红粒品种间杂交组合,在红粒与白粒杂交后代的早期世代对粒色L*、a*、b*进行选择明亮鲜艳的红小豆品种机率较大。     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化(英文)

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

笔者对灵武长枣在采前发育成熟期的果肉硬度、水溶性糖、酸和维生素C、淀粉含量等变化规律以及采后呼吸强度的变化进行研究,旨在为灵武长枣果实发育生理、采后贮藏保鲜、新品种选育和栽培管理提供科学依据。     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage, being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively, the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively, the correlation coef-ficients were -0.973 1** and + 0.974 6** respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and sucrose increased with jujube ripening, while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern, the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6** , 0.988 0** , and 0.982 8**, respec-tively. Befcre white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation d moncsaccharide was predom/nant in jujube fruits, following a fast accumula-tion of sucrose, indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore, the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity, being 51.54 mg/100 g · FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg·h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg·h) after fruit turning red and before softening, indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.