环境因子对万寿菊开花的影响

通过分析不同营养配比和pH值处理万寿菊水培液的开花情况,试验得出,增施磷肥对万寿菊开花的影响较小;配施磷钾肥主要影响万寿菊的单株花朵数和花型大小;而配施钾肥对万寿菊的花期、单株花朵数和花型大小均有较好的影响。万寿菊开花较适宜的水培条件是pH值6．5,即弱酸到中性的环境。此时万寿菊的花期较长、花型较大、单株花朵数较多,花的颜色也最靓丽。     

蝴蝶兰花期在不同光照条件下的影响

以蝴蝶兰“郑农火凤凰”为研究材料,通过不同光照观察其花期长势、催化开花质量的影响。经研究表明:在14000～24000Lx的光照强度下蝴蝶兰长势较好,蝴蝶兰花芽分化在14000Lx时较好,在24000Lx时蝴蝶兰花朵数量长势良好。     

丰花月季新品种‘花好月圆’

丰花月季‘花好月圆’是从‘翰钱’与‘金凤凰’的杂交后代群体中选出的新品种。花朵橙绿复色,重瓣花,高心杯状。单枝着花密度可达30朵,平均花径 8.0 cm,重复开花,花期4—12月。长势旺,枝条强健,环境适应能力强。     

“大造”荔枝适龄树不同树势的营养状况与开花及营养消长关系初探

<正> 在同一果园中,从外观上看,植株的长势大体可分为壮旺、中庸和衰弱三种,不同长势的植株在生长、开花、结果方面表现出不同的特性。壮旺树枝梢生长量大,叶片浓绿,开花较早,花量大,座果数较少;中庸树枝梢生长较缓和,时色绿而不浓,雌花开放稍迟,花量较适中,座果数较少;衰弱树枝梢生长量小,叶色较淡,雌花开放较早,花量和座果数少。这种特性是形成适龄树单位面积产量低的原因之一。不同树势植株内的营养状况以及开花与营养消长关系,目前研究甚少。为此,我们于1984年在平南县官成荔枝场开展了这一工作。现将初步结果总结如下,以供参考。     

苹果花期长短及其相关因子的研究

对富士、国光、新红星等13个苹果品种的花期早晚、长短及花期气候条件、花前积温和树体贮藏营养水平等相关因子进行了长期研究.结果表明,不同品种盛花期早晚有差异,多数品种4月中旬进入盛花期,年间变幅2.6～3.8天;盛花期一般长4～5天,年间变幅0.6～1.5天.盛花期的长短与花期气候条件密切相关.花前40天日均温≥5℃积温高时,开花早;低时开花晚;国光对积温的要求高于富士.树体贮藏营养水平高,花期长,坐果率高;反之,花期则短,坐果率也低.     

中华猕猴桃三种花期优异雄株的选育

早熟型(早花型)、中熟型(中花型)、晚熟型(晚花型)为猕猴桃雄株花期的3种类型。在前期对江西省野生中华猕猴桃雄株种质资源地搜集、保存及评价的基础上,综合其花器性状、花粉性状及花期特征等,筛选出"早花型""晚花型"及"中花型"3种花期的中华猕猴桃优异雄株。早花型"M11"优株,单花花粉量极大,达7.55×10~5个,花枝率100%,在江西省信丰地区3月底开花,花期12~15d,与"红阳""东红""赣红"等早熟品种花期相遇;中花型"YS1"优株,花粉活力高,达78.61%,花枝率100%,在江西省奉新地区4月上旬开花,花期特长,达18~23d,与"金果""徐香""华优""翠玉"等中熟品种花期相遇;晚花型"M12"优株,花粉活力高,达75.55%,花枝率100%,在江西省信丰地区4月中旬开花,花期16~18d,与"金艳""金魁""海沃德"等晚熟品种花期相遇。     

芒果优良品种介绍

1.紫花芒　该品种是广西大学农学院选育出的高产品种 ,较稳产 ,适应性强 ,开花较迟 ,果皮黄色光滑 ,单果重2 0 0～ 3 5 0 g,果肉橙黄 ,出汁率高 ,可溶性固形物 1 5 %～1 7% ,酸甜适中 ,质细滑芳香 ,品质中等 ,果实 7月中旬～8月中旬成熟 ,是广西、广东的主栽品种 ,也是鲜食和加工俱可的品种。2 .金煌芒　金煌芒是台湾选育的品种 ,近年引入广西表现长势强 ,树冠高大 ,容易成花 ,花序长、大 ,花期迟而长 ,花朵大而稀疏 ;果实长随圆形 ,单果重 970 g,成熟时果皮橙黄色 ,果肉橙黄色 ,可溶性固形物 1 3 %～ 1 7% ,纤维极少 ,果实 7月上旬～下旬成…     

梅花盆景的修剪与养护

梅化为中国传统十大名花之一,梅花株姿古雅。茎干苍劲,花色艳丽,吐红喷翠,喜欢温暖和空气湿度较大的环境．忌水涝,有一定的抗旱性,能耐严寒;对土壤要求不严,耐瘠薄,但以排水良好的砂质壤土（中性或微酸性）生长为好;梅花为长寿树种的阳性植物,在阳光充足、通风良好的环境生长旺盛．否则,树势衰弱。花朵稀少,甚至不开花;梅花宜在6—10℃左右开花,气温高,早开花,气温低,迟开花。     

调整树体结构改进修剪方法提高鸭梨品质

鸭梨幼龄期生长势较强，发枝力较弱，萌芽力中等。但进入结果期之后，生长势趋于中庸，发枝力和萌芽力却有所增强，尤以萌芽力的增强最明显。枝条初生角度大又多倾斜弯曲生长，因此成龄后树姿开张，树冠枝量密度适中，花芽分化率高，并以短果枝为主。在不加控制的条件下树...     

花期喷醋提高香白杏坐果率

花期喷醋提高香白杏坐果率香白杏果大肉细多汁，经济价值高，是河北省北部地区广泛栽培的优良品种。但因其自然坐果率低，直接影响了经济产量。为了探索提高香白杏坐果率的有效办法，我们于１９９５年春进行了花期喷醋试验，收到了良好的效果。在园中选３株６年生树势中庸...     

扁桃的开花结实特性

新疆3个扁桃品种在河北省保定生长正常,以毛桃为砧木的2年生树即能形成花芽并结果;花器发育正常,花药内花粉数量多,有正常的发育能力;供试品种自花结实率为0或极低,属异花结实类型;新疆扁桃能在各类结果枝上形成花芽熏但以中、短结果枝结果为主,3月下旬至4月上旬开花,有两次落花落果高峰,结果初期坐果率低,均在10%以下;果实及种子发育正常,果实8月下旬到9月上旬成熟,平均果实干重3.54g,种子(包括内果皮和种仁)干重2.05g,种仁干重0.91g,出仁率为44.4%。     

Physiological and biochemical studies during flower development in two rose species

The present investigation was aimed to study the changes in various physio-chemical attributes in petals of two different rose species, Rosa damascena Mill and Rosa bourboniana Desport differing in flowering behaviour from small bud (stage 1) till full bloom (stage 8). In both rose species fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were maximum during full bloom. Electrical conductivity of the petal diffusates reached maximum at full bloom with significantly higher values in R. damascena. In both the species, starch content declined as the flower reached its full bloom stage with maximum reducing sugar content during this period. With progressive increase in petal growth, total protein and RNA declined. The results showed that in both the species peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) activity were lower during full bloom with high activity of invertase and lipoxygenase (LOX) at this period. The present study indicates that lipid peroxidation induced membrane permeability could partly be the result of higher lipoxygenase activity during full bloom. The possible significance of these findings is discussed in relation to flower development in the two diverse rose species.     

菱传粉生物学研究

以6 个菱品种为试材，对花器形态特征、群体花期及单花开花动态、开花时间、柱头可授性、花粉活力、杂交指数 及传粉形式等进行观察测定。结果表明：菱花单生，两性，单花花期15 h，群体花期在5～10 月，盛花期在7～8 月；不同 品种在一天中的开花高峰期存在差异；柱头可授期主要在萼片开裂后2 h 内，结实率在50% 以上；花粉在自然授粉条件下活 力可保持7.5 h；以自花授粉为主，同时存在一定程度的无融合生殖和少量异花授粉。     

Effect of temperature,daylength and light intensity on growth and development of Dipladenia sanderi Hemsl. ‘Rosea’

Dipladenia sanderi Hemsl. ‘Rosea’ (syn.: Mandevilla sanderi (Hemsl.) Woodson ‘Rosea’) was grown in a glasshouse at 12, 15, 18 and 21°C, daylengths of 8 or 20 h, natural daylight, and natural daylight supplemented with cool-white fluorescent lamps (10 W m^?2).Time from propagation to unfolded flower decreased with increasing temperature, and at 12°C there were relatively few flowers in the inflorescences. The time to flower opening was not influenced by daylength, but with 20 h there were more buds in the first developed inflorescence and the petals were larger than with 8 h. In addition, the vegetative growth was favoured by 20 h. Supplementary lighting shortened the developmental time to unfolded flower, but the flowers were smaller than in natural light only.The growth and development varied according to the time of year. Dipladenia was able to bloom all year round, except in January and February. The low light intensity in November and December probably made it impossible for the buds to develop into flowers in January and February.     

莼菜传粉生物学及杂交技术研究

对莼菜花器官的结构、开花物候期、开花动态、柱头可授性、花粉活力、花粉/胚珠（P/O）、繁育系统、传粉方式及杂交技术进行初步研究。结果表明：莼菜群体花期为5月初～6月初,30 d左右,单朵花期2 d,同一朵花内的雌雄蕊在时间和空间上隔离。莼菜不存在无融合生殖现象,柱头可授期主要在开花第1天,人工授粉（第1天开放的花）结实心皮的比例为27.8 %,高于自然授粉（20.9 %）;花粉活力在自然条件下保持4～5 d。P/O平均为14 947,属专性异交（Obligate xenogamy）型。     

细叶百合的生殖特性和繁育规律研究

 研究结果表明, 栽培条件下2年生细叶百合实生苗中不抽茎、抽茎不开花和开花的比例分别为: 38.79% , 47.66%和13.55%。3年生和4年生细叶百合全部开花, 且开花比例随栽培年龄增加而增大。花粉和胚珠比为: 栽培164.9～175.2; 野生284.4～315.6, 其繁育系统为兼性自交。全光栽培下, 相对生殖成功率随植株年龄增加而增大, 2年生植株, 全光条件的相对生殖成功率是林下的7.5倍; 野生与全光下的相对生殖成功率相差无几。在开花前5 d其柱头即有可授性, 花前1 d授粉的结实率最高。细叶百合无多父本效应, 单一父本结实率和种子产量反而较高。人工同株异花、自花授粉坐果率为自然传粉坐果率的1 /2左右, 毛百合及松叶百合的花粉对其生殖有很强的干扰作用。     

不同留种时期对湿栽水芹花茎性状及后期产量的影响

以江阴湿栽水芹为试材，研究了不同留种时期对花茎性状、后期产量、花茎播种效果的影响。研究结果表明，4月20日留种抽生的花茎较粗、芽位稍密，播种后的水芹产量较高，但繁种系数较小；6月20日留种抽生的花茎节间稍长、花茎较柔软，小区产量及播种后产量与5月20日留种的相近。     

Carbohydrate changes in flowers,leaves, shoots and spurs of ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apple during flowering and fruit setting periods

Summary

Changes of carbohydrate concentrations in different parts of the flower and the surrounding tissues (leaves, spurs and shoots) were measured in apple (Malus pumila) in 1987 and 1988, during the periods of flowering and fruit setting, to investigate their importance for fruit setting. HPLC was used for soluble sugar and sorbitol analysis. Starch was hydrolysed to glucose enzymatically and glucose concentration was determined colorometrically to estimate starch concentrations. Soluble sugars plus sorbitol (the soluble pool) increased rapidly in all parts of the flower from bud burst until full bloom. In contrast, in the same period, starch concentrations decreased rapidly and reached about zero at full bloom in the storage organs (shoots and spurs), indicating starch conversion to sugars and their movement to the growing flowers. Sorbitol was the most abundant carbohydrate in all apple tissue measured, with the exception of sepals, in which glucose concentration was the highest from full bloom onwards. Sepals had much higher glucose and fructose concentrations than leaf laminae but much lower sorbitol concentrations. Although dry weight, soluble pool and starch concentrations and total soluble pool content increased in the receptacle after petal fall, sucrose concentrations and total sucrose content dramatically decreased. These results suggest a preferential mobilization and utilization of sucrose rather than sorbitol during the fruit setting period and probably an important role of sucrose metabolism in fruit setting.     

蝴蝶兰新品种‘童真’

蝴蝶兰新品种‘童真’是以‘蝴蝶兰H2’为亲本进行自交,经单株选择、无性扩繁选育而成。植株生长健壮,花色黄绿,花形圆整,平均花径5.7 cm,平均主枝花朵数7.8朵,单枝总花朵数9.0朵。抗性较强,适宜温室栽培。     

低需冷量早花观赏桃品种‘银春’

‘银春’是‘满天红’（Prunus persica Batsch.）ב白花山碧桃’（P. davidiana Franch）的杂交后代中的96-6-12单株经自交,通过对种子冷藏处理,温室育苗获得的优良观赏桃品种。需冷量450 h,需热量低,开花较早。花朵白色,新颖别致,能弥补早春白色桃花的空挡。保护地栽培,能在春节前开放;露地栽培可以作为早花白色桃花品种。