菱传粉生物学研究

以6 个菱品种为试材，对花器形态特征、群体花期及单花开花动态、开花时间、柱头可授性、花粉活力、杂交指数 及传粉形式等进行观察测定。结果表明：菱花单生，两性，单花花期15 h，群体花期在5～10 月，盛花期在7～8 月；不同 品种在一天中的开花高峰期存在差异；柱头可授期主要在萼片开裂后2 h 内，结实率在50% 以上；花粉在自然授粉条件下活 力可保持7.5 h；以自花授粉为主，同时存在一定程度的无融合生殖和少量异花授粉。

Studies on Pollination Biology of Water Caltrop

Taking 6 varieties as test material，this paper studied on characteristics of floral organ morphology，population florescence，flowering dynamics of a single flower，flowering time of different types of flower，stigma receptivity，pollen viability，outcrossing index and pollination pattern of water caltrop． The results showed that water caltrop flower was solitary and bisexual．A single flower can bloom for 15 h． The population florescence starts from May to October and full bloom stage is July to August．Different types of water caltrop cultivar have different flowering peaks within a day．The period for stigma to receive pollen is mainly within 2 h after the sepal cracked，and the seed set rate can reach over 50%．Pollen viability can be maintained for 7.5 h under natural conditions．The water caltrop is mainly self-pollinated，and also exists partly apomixes and a small quantity of cross-pollination．