华南虎血巴尔通体感染的诊疗

了解华南虎血巴尔通体的临床诊断和PCR检测方法,介绍对症治疗的方法.笔者对1头患病的华南虎进行症状观察、血液涂片检查和PCR检测,利用土霉素进行治疗.患病动物出现高热稽留、厌食、贫血等症状,血液涂片中红细胞发生皱缩、每个视野中有多个巴尔通体,并通过PCR检测证实华南虎源血巴尔通体为大型猫血巴尔通体,利用土霉素治疗使动物康复,从症状观察结合实验室检查可以诊断华南虎的血巴尔通体病,土霉素对猫科动物血巴尔通体感染有较好的治疗效果.     

猪附红细胞体病流行病学调查及不同药物治疗效果

对保定市猪附红细胞体病进行流行病学调查,并对感染附红体断奶仔猪进行药物治疗试验.选择保定市6个县区30个不同规模的猪场和20个散养户,随机采集不同年龄阶段猪血液样品2 040份,进行直接压片镜检、血液涂片染色镜检和碘制动试验等病原学检测;选择阳性断奶仔猪进行药物治疗试验.结果保定市猪附红细胞体感染率为74.25％,不同年龄阶段的猪不同季节均可感染附红细胞体;临床治疗及体外药敏试验结果表明,贝尼尔、咪唑苯脲、盐酸多西环素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶和土霉素对断奶仔猪附红细胞病的治疗具有较好的效果,尤以盐酸多西环素效果最佳.     

猪附红细胞体病的诊断与治疗

猪附红细胞体病是由立克次氏体病原-猪附红细胞体引起的以贫血、黄疸和发热为主要症状的人畜共患病,该病多为阴性感染,造成家畜的体质下降,生长速度减慢,饲料报酬降低。采用鲜血涂片镜检,血片染色镜检、动物实验和间接血球凝集实验等方法对70日龄的发病猪进行诊断,用血虫清+土霉素制剂、维生素C、维生素B12和肌苷治疗,效果明显。     

绵羊附红细胞体人工感染小鼠模型的建立

分别用绵羊附红细胞体自然感染病羊的全血及分离纯化的绵羊附红细胞体对小白鼠进行攻毒,以建立绵羊附红细胞体人工感染小鼠模型。通过攻毒后症状观察、血液涂片镜检和绵羊附红细胞体特异性PCR检测法,对建立的模型进行评价。结果显示,各试验组小鼠人工感染后3~6 d,血液中均可检测到绵羊附红细胞体,而对照组小鼠未出现异常症状,且血液附红细胞体检查结果为阴性。该研究成功地构建了绵羊附红细胞体小白鼠感染模型,创建的模型可用于附红细胞体的生物学特性、致病机制、药物筛选等方面的研究。     

猪附红细胞体实验动物模型的建立

为建立一种合适的猪附红细胞体病动物模型，利用摘除脾和／或注射地塞米松的昆明小白鼠，以腹腔注射方式人工感染猪附红细胞体，通过血液涂片镜检、PCR检测、临床症状观察及病理剖检对感染情况进行了鉴定。结果显示，猪附红细胞体能够经腹腔注射感染昆明小白鼠，且感染鼠表现出与猪附红细胞体病相似的临床症状。结果表明，猪附红细胞体实验动物模型已成功建立，并证实啮齿类动物在附红细胞体的传播过程中发挥着重耍作用。     

四川省乐山一起鸡附红细胞体病的诊治

对四川省乐山一鸡场疑似附红细胞体病的病鸡群进行了诊断。通过发病情况调查、临床症状和剖检变化观察、实验室确诊为鸡附红细胞体病。经用土霉素或四环素防治,收到了良好的效果。     

亚洲象的附红细胞体病

附红细胞体病感染动物,国内外已有报道,但亚洲象患此病尚未发现.附红细胞体是一种多形单细胞原生动物,主要寄生在动物的血液中,附在红细胞表面或游离于血液中.被感染的动物临床表现为黄疸、贫血、水肿和发热,伤害很大,死亡率也很高.1993年夏,对一头出现以上症状的亚洲象进行采血检查,发现了附红细胞体,后因治疗及时而未造成损失.发病初期,病象症状不明显.后表现精神沉郁、食量下降、鼻子甩动频繁,体温升     

猪附红细胞体病的敏感药物筛选试验

选取贝尼尔（血虫净）、土霉素、盐酸四环素、新砷凡纳明（914）、咪唑苯脲、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶6种药物,进行猪附红细胞体的体内和体外对照治疗,结果 6种药物均有较好的疗效。猪附红细胞体病的治疗药物较多,临床上可以根据当地的流行情况灵活选用,其中盐酸四环素可以作为治疗猪附红细胞体病的首选药物。     

奶牛附红细胞体和瑟氏泰勒虫混合感染的诊疗

附红细胞体病（Eperythmzoonosis）是由专性血液寄生物附红细胞体（Eperythrozoon）引起的一种人畜共患的血液传染病。寄生于人、动物红细胞表面、血浆及骨髓内，主要临床症状为贫血、黄疸、发热等。瑟氏泰勒虫病是由长角血蜱传播的牛血液原虫病。临床上表现为体温升高，精神不振，食欲减退，贫血和体表淋巴结肿胀等。该病呈世界性分布，多发生于东亚地区，疫区内的发病率和致死率均较高，给畜牧业带来了巨大的经济损失。本文通过血涂片镜检及姬姆萨氏染色等方法，确诊一例奶牛附红细胞体和瑟氏泰勒虫混合感染病例，运用土霉素、贝尼尔等药物对该病进行治疗，收到较理想的效果，可为临床防治该病提供参考依据。     

猪附红细胞体形态学研究

通过显微镜观察附红细胞体在血浆中的运动，再结合血液涂片瑞氏、姬氏染色，观察附红细胞体附着在红细胞上的状态；并通过对附红细胞体的透射电镜和扫描电镜观察，发现附红细胞体超微结构的特点，为诊断附红细胞体病和对附红细胞体进一步研究提供基础。     

Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of measuring anti-coronavirus IgG in CSF for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) involving the CNS in cats. DESIGN: Prospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: CSF and serum samples from 67 cats. PROCEDURES: CSF and serum samples were allocated into 4 groups: cats with FIP involving the CNS (n = 10), cats with FIP not involving the CNS (13), cats with CNS disorders caused by diseases other than FIP (29), and cats with diseases other than FIP and not involving the CNS (15). Cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated for concentrations of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and total protein. Anti-coronavirus IgG was measured in CSF and serum by indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: CSF IgG (range of titers, 1:32 to 1:4,096) was detected in 12 cats, including 6 cats with neurologic manifestation of FIP, 4 cats with FIP not involving the CNS, and 2 cats with brain tumors. Cerebrospinal fluid IgG was detected only in cats with correspondingly high serum IgG titers (range, 1:4,096 to 1:16,384) and was positively correlated with serum IgG titers (r = 0.652; P < 0.01), but not with any other CSF parameter. Blood contamination of CSF resulted in < or = 333 erythrocytes/microL in cats with CSF IgG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The correlation between serum and CSF IgG and the fact that CSF IgG was detected only in strongly seropositive cats suggested that CSF anti-coronavirus IgG was derived from blood. Measurement of anti-coronavirus IgG in CSF was of equivocal clinical use.     

Effects of Inhibition of Different Rumen Microbial Activity on Rumen Fermentation and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Buffaloes

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting rumen bacteria,fungi and protozoa with adding linoleic acid and linolenic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and fatty acid metabolism in buffaloes.Both fatty acids were supplemented with substrate and roughage (3:7) at the rate of 3% on dry matter (DM) basis in an in vitro batch culture system,there were 5 repetitions for each group.At the same time,four groups were set up:Control group and inhibition groups of protozoa,bacteria and fungi.After 24 h of incubation,total gas production,CH₄,pH,VFA,NH₃-N,MCP and LFA concentrations were measured.The results showed that:①With the addition of linolenic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibition the growth of bacteria and protozoa,CH₄ production increased significantly after inhibition of the growth bacteria and fungi,and CH₄ production decreased significantly after inhibition of the growth protozoa (P<0.05).With the addition of linoleic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,and CH₄ production was significantly lower than other groups after inhibition of protozoa (P<0.05).② After inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,the pH and MCP concentration were affected significantly with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05),there was no significant effect on NH₃-N concentration with the addition of linoleic acid (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).④ Compared with control group, the concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1n5, C15:1n5, C16:1n7, C16:0, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:0, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:1, C20:3n3, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:2n6, C22:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid, the concentrations of C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1n7, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9t, C18:0, C18:2(cis-9,trans-11), C18:2(trans-10,cis-12), C20:2n6, C20:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1n9, C24:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).The results revealed that the addition of linoleic acid and linolenic acid could significantly manipulate in vitro rumen fermentation parameters,CH₄ yield and fatty acid composition after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa.Protozoa greatly contributed to total gas and CH₄ production while bacteria significantly affected rumen fatty acid metabolism.     

抑制不同种类瘤胃微生物活性对水牛瘤胃发酵和脂肪酸代谢的影响

试验旨在采用体外产气法研究抑制瘤胃细菌、真菌、原虫对添加亚油酸和亚麻酸后水牛瘤胃体外发酵参数和脂肪酸代谢的影响。体外培养底物0.5 g,精粗比为3：7,分别添加底物干物质量3%的亚油酸和3%的亚麻酸,每组设置5个重复,同时再设立4个组：对照组及抑制原虫、细菌、真菌组。体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定24 h产气量和气体中的甲烷（CH₄）含量、瘤胃发酵液的pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、氨态氮（NH₃-N）、微生物蛋白（MCP）浓度以及长链脂肪酸（LFA）组成。结果表明：①在添加亚麻酸情况下,与对照组相比,抑制细菌和原虫生长后产气量显著降低,抑制细菌和真菌生长后CH₄产量显著升高,而抑制原虫生长后CH₄产量显著降低（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,与对照组相比,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后产气量均显著降低,且抑制原虫后CH₄产量显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。②抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后,添加亚油酸和亚麻酸显著影响了体外瘤胃发酵液pH和MCP浓度（P<0.05）,添加亚油酸对NH₃-N浓度影响不显著（P>0.05）。③与对照组相比,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后显著降低了乙酸、丙酸含量（P<0.05）;在添加亚麻酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了丁酸含量（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后丁酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）。④与对照组相比,在添加亚麻酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了C11：0、C12：0、C13：0、C14：0、C14：1n5、C15：1n5、C16：1n7、C16：0、C18：3n3、C18：2n6c、C18：0、C20：2n6、C20：3n6、C20：1、C20：3n3、C20：0、C21：0、C22：6n3、C22：2n6、C22：0浓度（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了C12：0、C13：0、C14：0、C15：0、C16：1n7、C16：0、C17：0、C18：3n6、C18：3n3、C18：2n6c、C18：1n9t、C18：0、C18：2（cis-9,trans-11）、C18：2（trans-10,cis-12）、C20：2n6、C20：1、C20：0、C21：0、C22：6n3、C22：0、C23：0、C24：1n9、C24：0浓度（P<0.05）。由此可见,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后,添加亚油酸和亚麻酸对体外瘤胃发酵参数、CH₄产量和脂肪酸组成均能产生影响,原虫对产气量和CH₄产量贡献最大,细菌对瘤胃液脂肪酸代谢影响最大。     

玉米芯与苜蓿、精料配比对饲粮组合效应的影响

为了探讨玉米芯与苜蓿、精料间不同配比对饲粮组合效应(associative effects, AE)的影响。采用体外产气法测定在精粗比40∶60和30∶70时,精料∶玉米芯∶苜蓿分别为40∶60∶0、40∶45∶15、40∶30∶30、40∶15∶45、40∶0∶60和30∶70∶0、30∶55∶15、30∶40∶30、30∶25∶45、30∶10∶60、30∶0∶70时各饲料组合及各种单独原料分别培养2,4,6,9,12,24,36,48 h的产气量(gas production, GP),培养结束后的上清液及残渣用以测定pH、挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)、氨态氮(NH_3-N)、干物质降解率(dry matter digestibility, DMD)和有机物降解率(organic matter digestibility, OMD),并通过各组合的加权估算值计算出各指标的单项组合效应指数(single factor AE indexes, SFAEI)和综合组合效应指数(multiple-factors AE index, MFAEI)。结果表明:当精粗比为40∶60和30∶70时,玉米芯比例为30、15和10、25、40、55的组在GP、DMD、OMD、NH_3-N、TVFA上显著高于其他组,且有较高的SFAEI (P<0.05,P<0.01),30和10组的MFAEI极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。结论:当精料∶玉米芯∶苜蓿为40∶30∶30、30∶10∶60时,饲粮的综合组合效应值最大。     

活性酵母添加对饲喂不同精粗比日粮肉牛血浆代谢组的影响

本试验旨在研究添加酵母菌对饲喂不同精粗比日粮肉牛血浆代谢组的影响,选取10头(450±50)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔×本地牛阉牛,随机分为对照组和酵母添加组,两组饲喂相同基础日粮,酵母添加组每天晨饲前通过瘘管投喂活性酵母菌,投喂量为0.8g/d;采用交叉试验设计,试验共分为2期,每期包含4个阶段,从第1阶段到第4阶段日粮精粗比为30∶70、50∶50、70∶30和90∶10,每个阶段持续17d,即16d预饲期,第17天晨饲前采集颈静脉血,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对血浆样品代谢组分进行测定,应用主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小方差判别分析(PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型对不同精粗比日粮的生物标志物和酵母添加组的生物标志物进行筛选。试验显示,不同日粮精粗比组的生物标志物为胞嘧啶、二氢胸腺嘧啶、软脂酰胺、硬脂酰胺、油脂酰胺和磷酸泛酸;精粗比为30∶70时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有鞘氨醇、神经鞘氨醇和卵磷脂(18∶0);日粮精粗比为50∶50时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有芥酰胺、甘油一酯和卵磷脂(16∶0);日粮精粗比为70∶30时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有甘油一酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、卵磷脂(17∶0、18∶0);日粮精粗比为90∶10时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有芥酰胺、胆酸、卵磷脂(18∶2、20∶2)。随日粮精粗比提高,机体的脂肪代谢途径得到改善;但是动物瘤胃壁和肠道内壁的完整性遭到破坏;添加酵母改善了动物脂肪和磷脂代谢的同时可维护消化道内壁细胞的完整性。     

不同饲养方式对北京油鸡肌肉风味物质的影响

试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对北京油鸡肌肉风味物质的影响。选择300只49日龄的健康母鸡,随机分为2个处理：网上笼养和半舍饲,每个处理5个重复,每个重复30只。试验至91日龄时结束。结果表明,与笼养组相比,半舍饲组肌肉脂肪酸中棕榈酸（C16：0）、棕榈烯酸（C16：1）、油酸（C18：1n9c）、亚油酸（C18：2n9c）、二十二烷酸（C22：0）、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,顺-10-十五碳烯酸（C15：1）、硬脂酸（C18：0）、反亚油酸（C18：2n9t）和花生四烯酸（C20：4n6）含量也有升高趋势,但差异均不显著（P>0.05）;半舍饲组肌肉肌苷酸含量显著高于笼养组（P<0.05）;挥发性风味物质在2种饲养方式下呈现不同的百分比例,半舍饲组的醇类和酮类相对含量较高,而相对于笼养组,醛类相对含量有所降低,这是导致气味呈现差异的原因。因此,不同饲养方式对北京油鸡肌肉风味物质的组成和含量存在影响,半舍饲饲养方式能提高北京油鸡的肌肉品质,改善肉质风味。     

Effect of feline interferon-omega on the survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

BACKGROUND: There is no therapy with proven efficacy to treat cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). HYPOTHESIS: Feline interferon-omega (FeIFN-omega) prolongs survival time and increases quality of life in cats with FIP. ANIMALS: Thirty-seven privately owned cats were subjects of this study. METHODS: The study was performed as a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Feline infectious peritonitis was confirmed by histology or immunostaining of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antigen in effusion or tissue macrophages or both. The cats were randomly selected for treatment with either FeIFN-omega or a placebo. All cats received adjunctive treatment with glucocorticoids and antibiotics and passive immunization with Feliserin. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the survival time of cats treated with FeIFN-omega versus placebo or in any other variable evaluated (with the exception of the lymphocyte count). The cats survived between 3 and 200 days (median, 9 days). There was only 1 long-term survivor (> 3 months), and the cat was in the FeIFN-omega group. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: No effect of FeIFN-omega on survival time or quality of life could be demonstrated in this study.     

夏河农牧交错区小黑麦与豆科牧草混播的生产性能研究

为筛选适合于夏河农牧交错区小黑麦(Secale cereale L.)与豆科牧草的混播组合及比例,以及在不同肥力条件下生产性能的差异,本试验研究了'甘农2号’小黑麦('Gannong No. 2’ Triticale variety)与3种豆科牧草('加拿大’饲用豌豆('Canadian’ forage peas)、'青海’箭筈豌豆('Qinghai’ common vetch)和'绿箭1号’箭筈豌豆('Lvjian No.1’ common vetch))不同比例(100∶0,80∶20,70∶30,60∶40,50∶50,40∶60,30∶70,20∶80,0∶100)混播时的生产性能。结果表明：土壤肥力对小黑麦和豆科牧草混播草地的草产量有显著影响;土壤贫瘠条件下,'甘农2号’小黑麦与'绿箭1号’箭筈豌豆以50∶50的比例混播时干草产量最高(13.97 t·hm^-2);土壤肥力状况较好时,'甘农2号’小黑麦与'青海’箭筈豌豆以80∶20的比例混播时,干草产量最高(16.45 t·hm^-2)。该研究对于提高夏河农牧交错区禾-豆混播的生产性能具有重要意义。     

不同类型稀释液对驴冷冻精液品质的影响

[目的]:对比分析各类型稀释液对驴冷冻精子活力、畸形率的影响,根据冻精解冻效果,筛选出适合驴精子冷冻的最佳稀释液,最适宜稀释比例,为驴冷冻精液研发提供参考。[方法]:实验共计14 d,采集6头种公驴精液,每份原精均分为3等份,分别用3种稀释液稀释,从而选取最优稀释液;按1∶0.75、1∶1.5、1∶3、1∶6不同比例混合最优稀释液与蒸馏水,每份原精均分为4等份,对应不同浓度稀释液分别进行稀释、封装、冷冻,检测冻精子活力和畸形率。[结果]:普蒂迪尔公牛稀释液、特里拉迪尔公猪稀释液、仙女座马稀释液三种稀释液中,特里拉迪尔公猪稀释液在配伍比例(稀释液与蒸馏水比值)为1∶3时,冷冻过程中能明显降低驴精子的畸形率,提升精子活力,能最大限度保存驴精子生殖功能。     

In vitro comparison of the effects of two forms of hydroxyethyl starch solutions on platelet function in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 2 hydroxyethyl starch (HES) preparations (ie, HES solution with a molecular weight of 600 kd and a degree of substitution of 0.7 [HES 600/0.7] and a calcium-containing polyionic HES solution with a molecular weight of 670 kd and a degree of substitution of 0.75 [HES 670/0.75]) on canine platelet function. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 10 healthy adult dogs. PROCEDURES: Dilution of citrated whole blood was performed with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, HES 600/0.7, and HES 670/0.75 at ratios of 1:9 (ie, 1 part saline solution or colloid to 9 parts whole blood) and 1:3. Measurements of time to platelet plug formation in a capillary tube (ie, closure time) were made by use of a bench-top platelet function analyzer with collagen and ADP platelet agonists. RESULTS: Mean baseline closure time was 68.0 +/- 15.3 seconds. A 1:3 dilution of whole blood with saline solution, HES 600/0.7, and HES 670/0.75 resulted in mean closure times of 85.8 +/- 15.7 seconds, 100.6 +/- 18.6 seconds, and 101.6 +/- 16.2 seconds, respectively. Closure time following 1:3 dilution of whole blood with saline solution was significantly different from baseline and from 1:9 dilution with saline solution. Closure time following 1:3 dilution of whole blood with HES 670/0.75 was significantly different from baseline, 1:3 and 1:9 dilutions with saline solution, and 1:9 dilutions with HES 600/0.7 or HES 670/0.75. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Saline solution, HES 600/0.7, and HES 670/0.75 affect canine platelet function by prolonging closure times; HES solutions prolonged closure time to a greater extent than saline solution.