Coelioscopic Investigation in European Eels (Anguilla anguilla)

Coelioscopy is a surgical technique in which small incisions are made into the coelomic cavity through which specific instrumentation is inserted to evaluate the internal structures within. For this reason, coelioscopy must be considered a less-invasive surgical method than traditional abdominal surgery. This study was aimed at evaluating and adapting the general coelioscopic principles of the technique to teleosts (10 European eels [Anguilla anguilla]). All the examined fish were anaesthetized with tricaine methanesulfonate solution. The coelioscopic procedures were performed with a rigid, 30° offset, 1.9-mm diameter endoscope connected to a portable video system. The results confirm that coelioscopy represents an imaging technique with high sensitivity in evaluating the coelomic organs in European eels.     

日本鳗鲡及其僵鳗消化酶活性的比较研究

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、...     

氟苯尼考对鳗鲡常见致病菌体外抗菌后效应研究

采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定氟苯尼考对鳗鲡养殖中常见主要致病菌（肠杆菌B01、克雷伯氏菌B12、豚鼠气单胞菌B15和嗜水气单胞菌B20）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,用菌落计数法分别测定氟苯尼考在0.5、1、2、4倍于各菌MIC时对鳗鲡致病菌株B01、B12、B15、B20体外抗菌后效应（PAE）。结果氟苯尼考在0.5、1、2、4倍MIC值时对鳗鲡致病菌株B01、B12、B15、B20均具有一定的PAE,且PAE与药物浓度在一定范围内（0.5-4倍MIC）呈剂量依赖关系,当药物浓度达4倍MIC时,PAE明显延长,分别为2.5±0.165、3.0±0.038、5.0±0.090和5.0±0.232h;氟苯尼考对B01、B12、B15、B20的PAE值在2倍MIC时差异较显著,在4倍MIC时对致病菌株B15和B20的PAE几乎无差异。相同浓度氟苯尼考对致病菌株B01和B12的PAE值明显低于B15和B20。结果提示在养殖鳗鲡病害防治中设计投药方案时,对常见致病菌B01、B12、B15和B20感染所造成的细菌性败血症、烂鳃、肝胆肿大等疾病,除了考虑药代动力学和MIC指标外,还需考虑PAE因素,可适当延长给药间隔时间,降低药物对鳗鲡的副作用及对其摄食量和生长的负面影响。     

黄鳝烂尾病病原的研究

从发病黄鳝的病灶部位分离到 HS1 菌株。用 HS1 菌株人工感染体重 2 0～ 30 g的黄鳝 ,感染的黄鳝出现与自然发病黄鳝相似的症状 ,并从感染黄鳝的病灶中分离到与原菌株相同的细菌 ,证实 HS1 菌株是引起黄鳝烂尾病的病原。经细菌的形态、培养及生理生化特性测定 ,HS1 菌株鉴定为产碱假单胞菌 ( Pseudomonasalcaligenes) ,并进行了药敏试验     

鸡的微卫星DNA标记与胴体性状的相关分析

测定了青脚麻鸡与隐性白鸡杂交后自交的F2代个体的全净堂重、全净堂率、脂肪宽带、腹脂重和腹脂率6个胴体性状,检测10个微卫星DNA标记,对标记基因型胴体性状值进行方差分析和多重比较,结果表明:MCW328对于10周龄体重和全净膛重两性状各基因型均有显著的差异(P<0.05);ADL292对于腹脂重性状各基因型有极显著的差异(P<0.01),对于腹脂率有显著的差异(P<0.05)。MCW328标记基因与控制10周龄体重和全净膛重QTL连锁,ADL292标记基因与控制腹脂重和腹脂率QTL连锁。     

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in Elvers and Small American Eels from the East River,Nova Scotia

Abstract

Elvers of American eels Anguilla rostrata entering the East River on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia between early May and the end of July were parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis during June of 1993 for the first time in 6 years of observation. Prevalence of infection in elvers (49.9–68.2 mm total length, TL) ranged from 7 to 30%; weekly mean prevalence (pooled sample) ranged from 13.0 to 23.3% over an infection period of 42 d. Weekly prevalence ranged from 8.3 to 12.2% for small eels (70–120 mm TL). Mean intensity of infection was 6.1 trophonts/host (range, 1–61) for elvers and 7.2 trophonts/host (range, 1–40) for small eels. Count distributions were right-skewed and leptokurtic for both elvers and small eels. No conclusion could be made (due to low statistical power) as to whether length or weight was related to mean intensity of parasitism in either elvers or small eels or whether mean intensity differed between elvers and small eels. High river discharge during June–July, but not water temperature (April–July), may have contributed to development of the epizootic of I. multifiliis in 1993.     

五倍子对鳗鲡4株常见病原菌的体外抗菌后效应

采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定中药五倍子对鳗鲡养殖中常见主要致病菌(肠杆菌B01、迟缓爱德华氏菌B09、豚鼠气单胞菌B18和嗜水气单胞菌B27)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).然后再采用菌落计数法分别测定五倍子在0.25、0.5、1、2、4倍于各菌MIC时对鳗鲡病原菌株B01、B09、B18、B27的体外抗菌后效应(PAE).结...     

五倍子对鳗鲡致病性气单胞菌的体外抗菌后效应

采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定中药五倍子对鳗鲡养殖中致病性气单胞菌(威隆气单胞菌K17、肠棕气单胞菌G03、豚鼠气单胞菌R37和嗜水气单胞菌G06)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).然后再采用菌落计数法分别测定五倍子在0.25、0.5、1、2、4倍于各菌MIC时对鳗鲡4株致病性气单胞菌K17、G03、R37、G06的体外抗菌后效应(PAE).结果显示:五倍子在0.25、0.5、1、2、4倍MIC值时对鳗鲡4株致病性气单胞菌均具有一定的PAE,且PAE与药液浓度在一定范围内(0.25～4倍MIC)呈剂量依赖性,当药液浓度达4倍MIC时,PAE明显延长(P＜0.05);五倍子对各致病菌株K17、G03、R37、G06的PAE值在1倍MIC浓度以上差异显著(P＜0.05),在4倍MIC时对于致病菌株K17和R37的PAE之间差异较小.结论:试验结果提示,在养殖鳗鲡病害防治中设计投药方案,选用中药五倍子治疗由致病性气单胞菌感染所造成的烂鳃、肝胆肿大、败血症等疾病时,除了考虑药代动力学和MIC指标外,还应考虑PAE因素,可适当延长给药间隔时间,降低药物对鳗鲡的副作用及对其摄食量和生长的负面影响.     

产卵与黄鳝性转化关联研究

对产卵与未产卵黄鳝的专池周年培育,结果表明,黄鳝与常规鱼类类似,亲鳝在人工养殖条件下培育,性腺可正常发育。已产卵黄缮第2年雄化率为22.2％,间性率为27.7％,保持雌性率为51.1％。未产卵黄缮雄化率为0％.间性率为11％,保持雌性者为89％。怀卵未产黄鳝性转化率低,黄鳝正常产卵后与怀卵未产黄鳝相比较性转化率有极显著差异(P<0.01)。     

Ophichthid eels in the coelom of several Natal offshore reef fish

Mummified ophichthid eels are reported from the coeloms of several Natal continental shelf reef fish species. Originally mistaken to be parasitic, these eels are in fact free-living and are eaten by fish. Once ingested, they bore their way out of the stomach, using their pointed tails and become encapsulated in connective tissue within the coelomic cavity.     

Low sensitivity of antemortem gill biopsies for the detection of subclinical Pseudodactylogyrus bini infestations in American eels (Anguilla rostrata)

The objectives of this study were twofold: to determine the sensitivity of gill biopsies used for the screening of Pseudodactylogyrus bini in subclinically infested American eels (Anguilla rostrata) and to evaluate the effect of bath anesthesia on the proportion of infested eels. Fifty-four eels were euthanized following either intracoelomic injection of T61 or deep anesthesia with tricaine methanesulfonate. Proportions of eels infested by P. bini diagnosed by gill biopsies taken through the gill slit and by microscopic examination of the entire gill arches were compared. The euthanasia protocol had no significant effect on parasite abundance. The prevalence of monogeneans detected by examination of nonterminal antemortem gill biopsies and by complete gill examinations was 20% and 70%, respectively. The sensitivity of gill biopsies (29%) to detect P. bini in subclinically infested eels is therefore low, and should be used for group screening rather than individual screening.     

甲苯咪唑在鳗鲡体内的药物代谢及组织残留

采用反相高效液相色谱法定量检测抗鳗鲡拟指环虫药物甲苯咪唑及其代谢产物羟基甲苯咪唑和氨基甲苯咪唑。研究欧鳗经1mg／L甲苯咪唑药浴处理后,其皮肤、脂肪、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中甲苯咪唑的代谢和残留情况。实验结果表明：药浴时,欧鳗在24h内快速吸收药物,皮肤上和脂肪中含有高浓度甲苯咪唑,且甲苯咪唑在欧鳗肝脏和肾脏中转化成羟基甲苯咪唑和氨基甲苯咪唑,其中氨基甲苯咪唑是主要代谢产物;三种化合物在皮肤上的残留量明显高于肌肉;鳗鱼可食用部位（肌肉和皮肤）中甲苯咪唑和羟基甲苯咪唑在3d内代谢浓度降至药残最高限量（0．1mg／kg）,5d内可完全降解消除．但氧墓甲苯眯唑在停药12d后的含量仍高于0．1mg／kg。     

The effects of five different glycans on innate immune responses by phagocytes of hybrid tilapia and Japanese eels Anguilla japonica

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses in hybrid tilapia (Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus x Mozambique tilapia O. mossambicus) and Japanese eels Anguilla japonica after treatment with five glycans: barley, krestin, MacroGard, scleroglucan, and zymosan. The effects of the glycans on the innate immune responses of the fish were investigated using the phagocytic index (PI), lysozyme activity, complement opsonization, and activation assay. The results of the lysozyme assay demonstrated that the lysozyme activities increased after treatment with glycans. Moreover, based on the PI, treatment with each of the five glycans resulted in increased phagocytic activities in anterior kidney and peripheral blood phagocytes in both tilapia and Japanese eels. The opsonic effect of complement on phagocytosis in tilapia and Japanese eels were investigated using baker's yeast, which served as the activator in the classical complement pathway (CCP) and in the alternative complement pathway (ACP). Tilapia and Japanese eel sera that were treated with glycans greatly enhanced phagocytosis. The classical pathway--hemolytic complement titer (CH50) of Japanese eels treated with glycans was slightly increased in vitro and in vivo. While glycan treatment enhanced the CCP of both species in vitro and in vivo, the alternative pathway-hemolytic complement titer (ACH50) was only increased in vitro and in vivo in glycan-treated tilapia. Thus, it follows that the ACP must have been activated in tilapia treated with glycans. However, in Japanese eels, the ACH50 of the ACP activation assay was undetected in vitro or in vivo due to possible unknown factors in the Japanese eel serum that caused lysis of the rabbit red blood cells. Our study investigated the effects of glycans used to enhance phagocytosis and activate both of the complement pathways involved in stimulating the innate immune responses of Japanese eels and tilapia.     

Responses of the ultimobranchial gland to vitamin D3 treatment in freshwater mud eel,Amphipnous cuchia,kept in different calcium environments

Freshwater mud eel, Amphipnous cuchia, were injected intraperitoneally daily with 100 ng of vitamin D3/100 g body weight and maintained in media containing either no calcium or different calcium concentrations. The eels were killed after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days following the treatment and their serum calcium levels were measured. The ultimobranchial glands were fixed and processed using the routine paraffin method for histological studies. The results of the present study indicate that vitamin D3 can induce hypercalcaemia in eels kept in different calcium environments. Also, the ultimobranchial glands became hyperactive following vitamin D3 treatment. It is concluded that in mud eels, the gland has a calcium-regulating function.     

Volvulus of the large colon in a neonatal foal

A one‐day‐old Thoroughbred colt foal was presented for assessment of abdominal pain and reduced urine output. Physical examination of the foal revealed marked abdominal distension, mild tachycardia, tachypnoea and congested mucous membranes. A marked anechoic peritoneal effusion, intestinal hypomotility and mural thickening of the large colon were detected sonographically. Serosanguinous fluid was obtained by abdominocentesis. After haemodynamic stabilisation, the foal underwent general anaesthesia and exploratory laparotomy and a 720° volvulus of the large colon at the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures was identified. After correction of the volvulus, the intraoperative findings were consistent with nonviability of the affected portion of the colon. The owner declined partial colon resection and elected for euthanasia of the foal. Although rare in neonatal foals, large colon volvulus should be considered in foals with signs of abdominal pain, abdominal distension and ultrasonographic findings of colonic mural thickening and luminal distension.     

Biphasic mesothelioma in a Swiss Braunvieh cow: clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical findings

A 10-year-old Swiss Braunvieh cow near term was referred to our clinic because of severe abdominal distension, which caused loss of demarcation between the udder and ventral abdominal wall. Ultrasonographic examination revealed marked ascites and multiple echogenic nodules in the greater omentum. Based on the findings, non-inflammatory ascites attributable to neoplasia was diagnosed. Rupture of the prepubic tendon from the pubic symphysis was also suspected. Because of a grave prognosis, parturition was induced and a live calf was delivered. The cow was euthanized and a postmortem examination was carried out. The abdominal cavity contained 248.5 litres of clear fluid. The greater omentum was thickened and oedematous and regionally contained fluid-filled cystic structures, which varied in size with a maximum diameter of 10 centimetres. Based on the histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical findings, biphasic mesothelioma with cyst formation affecting the entire abdominal cavity was diagnosed.     

肉鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度与屠体肥度性状的相关研究

以白羽肉仔鸡为研究材料，４９日龄采血，用此法浊法测定血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度。试验结果表明，血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的变异系数为５５％，其与腹脂重，腹脂率呈显著的正表型相关。体重和屠体重与腹膜重呈极显著的正表型相关，对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的低向选择将间接低体重。为防止肉仔鸡上市体重的下降，应该同时考虑对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度和体重的选择。对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的低向选择将降低腹膜重，腹脂率，肝脂含量和肝脂重而对胸肌脂肪含     

Multimodality characterization of a noncommunicating congenital duodenal duplication cyst causing pyloric outflow obstruction in a young dog

A 10‐month‐old German Shepherd Dog presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed a marked right cranial mass effect. Initial differentials included abscess/cyst or less likely neoplasia from undetermined origin. On abdominal ultrasound the mass appeared cystic and thin walled. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion originating from the pyloroduodenal junction causing pyloric outflow obstruction. A noncommunicating duodenal duplication cyst was found on exploratory laparotomy and further confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Enteric duplication cyst should be considered as a differential in young dogs with gastrointestinal signs and a cystic abdominal mass detected with different imaging modalities.     

Candida albicans peritonitis in a dog

Objective – To describe the clinical management of a case of Candida albicans peritonitis in a dog and discuss the pathogenicity of Candida peritonitis along with treatment using the fungistatic agent, fluconazole.
Case Summary – A 15-week-old Papillon developed peritonitis secondary to enterectomy site dehiscence. A pure growth of Candida albicans was obtained from the abdominal fluid. Surgical repair of the dehiscence was performed and antifungal therapy instituted with fluconazole postoperatively. A marked exudative process was noted postoperatively with production of large volumes of fluid from the abdominal drain. Fresh frozen plasma and pentastarch were provided for oncotic support. Recovery was complicated by megaesophagus, however, the patient gradually improved and was discharged 11 days after surgery.
New or Unique Information Provided – To our knowledge, this is the first case report of successful treatment of Candida albicans peritonitis in a dog. A marked exudative process was noted during therapy requiring significant oncotic support. Resolution of the disease process was achieved with surgical intervention and antifungal therapy.