丁香酚对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性研究

室内测定丁香酚对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的杀虫活性。结果表明,丁香酚对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫有较强的拒食作用,24和48 h的AFC50值分别为0.631和0.478 mg/mL;对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫也具有一定的毒杀作用,处理后6和9 d的校正死亡率分别为41.44 %和68.10 %(5 mg/mL);在供试浓度为5 mg/mL时,对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫有明显的抑制生长发育作用,表现为幼虫的体重和体重增加量明显减少,幼虫死亡率增加,蛹重和化蛹率显著低于对照。     

钩枝藤生物碱对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒杀活性

探讨钩枝藤总生物碱及3个单体化合物[(1)Ancistrocline,(2)5′-O-demethylhamatintine,(3)N-methylphylline]对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒杀活性,旨在开发新型植物源农药。采用浸虫法测定钩枝藤总碱对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒杀活性和采用饲料混毒法测定钩枝藤单体化合物对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫毒杀活性。结果表明：钩枝藤总碱对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用,其第3天和第5天的LC50值分别为2.61 mg/mL和0.91 mg/mL。单体化合物对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫具有明显的抑制生长发育作用,其中以化合物(2)抑制作用最强,主要表现为化蛹率（23.33％）、羽化率（13.33％）显著低于对照（化蛹率90.00％、羽化率86.67％）。     

非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性研究

室内测定了非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的杀虫活性。结果显示,非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用,10和14 d的LC50值分别为0.466和0.173 mg/mL;此外,非洲楝提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫还表现出较强的抑制生长发育作用,与对照相比,幼虫龄期和蛹期延长,蛹重减小,化蛹率和成虫羽化率显著降低。非洲楝具有防治斜纹夜蛾的潜力。     

苦槛蓝叶浸的对几种害虫的生物活性的初步研究

苦槛蓝叶甲醇和石油醚浸提物对菜粉蝶幼虫、斜纹夜蛾幼虫、亚洲玉米螟幼虫和萝卜蚜的拒食和毒杀活性试验结果表明,１％的苦槛蓝叶甲醇和石油醚浸提物对菜粉蝶４龄幼虫的非选择性拒食率分别为８６．６５％和８５．１２％,对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫的非选择性拒食率分别为７６．８０％和９４．９０％。Ｐｏｔｔｅｒ喷雾处理７２ｈ后,２％的苦槛蓝叶石油醚浸提物对亚洲玉米螟３龄幼虫的校正死亡率达９２．３％,而１％的苦槛蓝叶石油醚浸提     

苦槛蓝叶浸提物对几种害虫的生物活性的初步研究

苦槛蓝叶甲醇和石油醚浸提物对菜粉蝶幼虫、斜纹夜蛾幼虫、亚洲玉米螟幼虫和萝卜蚜的拒食和毒杀活性试验结果表明,１％的苦槛蓝叶甲醇和石油醚浸提物对菜粉蝶４龄幼虫的非选择性拒食率分别为８６．６５％和８５．１２％,对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫的非选择性拒食率分别为７６．８０％和９４．９０％。Ｐｏｔｔｅｒ喷雾处理７２ｈ后,２％的苦槛蓝叶石油醚浸提物对亚洲玉米螟３龄幼虫的校正死亡率达９２．３％,而１％的苦槛蓝叶石油醚浸提物对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫和萝卜蚜的校正死亡率分别为７４．４％和９１．７％．盆栽试验结果表明,施用２％的苦槛蓝叶甲醇浸提物防治菜粉蝶幼虫,第７天的保叶率为８３．３％,第１１天的虫口减退率为８９．７４％,与０．００５％虫霸的防治效果相比差异均不显著。     

山蒟对椰心叶甲的生物活性研究

研究了山蒟对椰心叶甲不同虫态的杀虫活性,旨在丰富防治椰心叶甲的植物源农药。采用胃毒法测定山蒟石油醚提取物对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫及成虫的生物活性。结果表明,山蒟对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫LC50为3.871 0 mg/mL;对成虫为11.496 5 mg/mL;采用触杀法测定山蒟对椰心叶甲卵的毒杀活性,对卵孵化抑制LC50为4.768 5 mg/mL,山蒟抑制卵发育到1龄末幼虫的LC50为3.766 7 mg/mL。     

3种查耳酮类化合物对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性

在室内测定了查耳酮、二氢查耳酮和4-甲氧基查耳酮3种查耳酮类似物对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性。结果表明,3种查耳酮类似物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫拒食活性大小依次为:4-甲氧基查耳酮查耳酮二氢查耳酮,处理后24 hAFC50值分别为0.452、0.524、1.072 mg/mL;对斜纹夜蛾幼虫还有一定的胃毒作用,在2 mg/mL的供试浓度下,处理后12 d的死亡率分别为67.78%、57.41%和53.33%;此外,查耳酮类化合物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫还具有一定抑制生长发育的作用,主要表现在幼虫体重、化蛹率和羽化率均显著低于对照。     

软枝黄蝉杀虫活性成分的分离及鉴定

为进一步探讨软枝黄蝉杀虫活性成分,以菜青虫为靶标昆虫,采用生物活性示踪法分离鉴定软枝黄蝉杀虫活性成分,采用小叶碟添加法测定活性成分对菜青虫幼虫的杀虫活性;3种活性成分鉴定分别为黄蝉花定、黄蝉花辛和黄蝉花素。活性测试结果表明,3种活性成分对菜青虫5龄幼虫均有很强的拒食作用,处理后48 h AFC50值分别为0.071,0.045和0.103 mg/mL,同时,3种化合物对菜青虫还有较强的毒杀作用,其中,以黄蝉花素毒杀作用最强,其LC50值仅为0.026 mg/mL,优于对照药剂川楝素(0.033 mg/mL);环烯醚萜类化合物可能是软枝黄蝉主要的杀虫活性成分。     

几种野生稻抽提物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的拒食作用

用甲醇对6种野生稻E6-1, E6-3/6-4(大颖野生稻的不同生态型),E7-4(颗粒野生稻), E9-10、E9-20(阔叶野生稻的不同生态型),E13-13（小粒野生稻）,E15-13（药用野生稻）和E16-3（斑点野生稻）进行了索氏提取,提取率分别为19.62%,15.60%,18.90%,8.50%,16.27%, 24.86%,10.04%和13.32%。通过测定这6种野生稻抽提物对3龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食活性和非选择性拒食活性,筛选出大颖野生稻抽提物E6-1对斜纹夜蛾有较强的拒食作用。用E6-1对叶碟处理后,在1%的浓度下,24 h和48 h测得其对3龄斜纹夜蛾选择性拒食率均为100%,而非选择性拒食率分别为40.95%和47.27%;毒力测定表明2龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫24 h和48 h后的拒食中浓度([i]AFC[/i][sub]50[/sub]）分别为120 mg/mL和50 mg/mL。     

大叶桃花心木的花、叶抽提物对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性

以大叶桃花心木的花和叶为材料,测试了其乙醇抽提物对重要多食性害虫斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明:试剂中大叶桃花心木的花与叶各自的抽提物质量分数5％时均有较强的拒食作用,非选择性拒食率分别高达96.33％和86.23％,选择性拒食率分别高达96.63％和91.98％;质量分数5％大叶桃花心木花、叶抽提物拒食率在48 h后均有所下降,但仍然保持较高的拒食率,其非选择性拒食率分别为87.3％和73.9％,选择性拒食率分别为95.46％和85.63％;连续以质量分数1％的花、叶抽提物浸叶饲喂时,试虫体重的增长明显低于对照试虫,处理后第5天,质量分数1％的花、叶抽提物处理试虫的平均体重分别为对照的49.32％和53.01％。研究结果表明,大叶桃花心木的花、叶的乙醇抽提物对斜纹夜蛾均具有良好的拒食活性,并且大叶桃花心木的花抽提物对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性高于其叶的抽提物。      

Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three New Chromone Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Penicillium citrinum

Three new and uncommon chromone analogs, epiremisporine F (1), epiremisporine G (2), and epiremisporine H (3), were isolated from marine-origin Penicillium citrinum. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2–3 remarkably suppressed fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils, with IC₅₀ values of 31.68 ± 2.53, and 33.52 ± 0.42 μM, respectively. Compound 3 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human colon carcinoma (HT-29) and non-small lung cancer cell (A549) with IC₅₀ values of 21.17 ± 4.89 and 31.43 ± 3.01 μM, respectively, and Western blot assay confirmed that compound 3 obviously induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells, via Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 signaling cascades.     

Isolation of Sesquiterpenoids and Steroids from the Soft Coral Sinularia brassica and Determination of Their Absolute Configuration

Two undescribed rearranged cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids (1–2), named sinulaketol A-B, together with one new chlorinated steroid (3), one new gorgosterol (4), one known sesquiterpene (5), one known dibromoditerpene (6) and two known polyhydroxylated steroids (7–8) were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia brassica. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations were also determined by the ECD calculations and DP4+ probability analysis. Antileishmanial activity of compounds 1–8 was evaluated in vitro against the amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani, in which compounds 3, 6, and 7 inhibited the growth of L. donovani by 58.7, 74.3, 54.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM. Antimicrobial effect of the isolated compounds were also evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Compound 6, a brominated diterpene, exhibited antimicrobial effect against S. aureus.     

胡椒叶抗氧化物质提取条件初探

采用系统溶剂提取法处理胡椒叶,确定了胡椒叶的乙醇提取相和水提取相具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力和较高的多酚含量;通过对胡椒嫩叶、完全稳定叶和老叶的乙醇和水提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力和多酚含量的测量,得出胡椒嫩叶的多酚含量较高,抗氧化活性较高,老叶次之;采用不同浓度的乙醇水溶液常温搅拌浸提胡椒老叶,得出50%左右的乙醇水溶液提取液具有较强的清除自由基能力,较高的多酚含量(5.4 g/100g)和黄酮类化合物含量(0.8 g/100g)。     

人参皂苷生物转化研究最新进展

生物转化是中药研究和中药现代化的重要手段。著名中药人参中的活性成分人参皂苷具有很好的生物活性和药用作用,近几年来关于人参皂苷生物转化研究取得了很多新的进展,所以本文着重对人参皂苷的生物转化最新研究进展进行了综述．并对生物转化人参皂苷的发展趋势作了简要的讨论。     

Antiparasitic bromotyrosine derivatives from the marine sponge Verongula rigida

Nine bromotyrosine-derived compounds were isolated from the Caribbean marine sponge Verongula rigida. Two of them, aeroplysinin-1 (1) and dihydroxyaerothionin (2), are known compounds for this species, and the other seven are unknown compounds for this species, namely: 3,5-dibromo-N,N,N-trimethyltyraminium (3), 3,5-dibromo-N,N,N, O-tetramethyltyraminium (4), purealidin R (5), 19-deoxyfistularin 3 (6), purealidin B (7), 11-hydroxyaerothionin (8) and fistularin-3 (9). Structural determination of the isolated compounds was performed using one- and two-dimensional NMR, MS and other spectroscopy data. All isolated compounds were screened for their in vitro activity against three parasitic protozoa: Leishmania panamensis, Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi. Compounds 7 and 8 showed selective antiparasitic activity at 10 and 5 μM against Leishmania and Plasmodium parasites, respectively. Cytotoxicity of these compounds on a human promonocytic cell line was also assessed.     

Rare Chromone Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Penicillium citrinum with Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Three new and rare chromone derivatives, epiremisporine C (1), epiremisporine D (2), and epiremisporine E (3), were isolated from marine-derived Penicillium citrinum, together with four known compounds, epiremisporine B (4), penicitrinone A (5), 8-hydroxy-1-methoxycarbonyl-6-methylxanthone (6), and isoconiochaetone C (7). Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2–5 significantly decreased fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils, with IC₅₀ values of 6.39 ± 0.40, 8.28 ± 0.29, 3.62 ± 0.61, and 2.67 ± 0.10 μM, respectively. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited cytotoxic activities with IC₅₀ values of 43.82 ± 6.33 and 32.29 ± 4.83 μM, respectively, against non-small lung cancer cell (A549), and Western blot assay confirmed that compounds 3 and 4 markedly induced apoptosis of A549 cells, through Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 signaling cascades.     

Metabolites of Marine Sediment-Derived Fungi: Actual Trends of Biological Activity Studies

Marine sediments are characterized by intense degradation of sedimenting organic matter in the water column and near surface sediments, combined with characteristically low temperatures and elevated pressures. Fungi are less represented in the microbial communities of sediments than bacteria and archaea and their relationships are competitive. This results in wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived fungi both for environmental adaptation and for interspecies interactions. Earlier marine fungal metabolites were investigated mainly for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, but now also as anticancer and cytoprotective drug candidates. This review aims to describe low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of marine sediment-derived fungi in the context of their biological activity and covers research articles published between January 2016 and November 2020.     

Anti-oxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anti-carcinogensis activities of nitroastaxanthin and nitrolutein, the reaction products of astaxanthin and lutein with peroxynitrite

Astaxanthin captured peroxynitrite to form nitroastaxanthins. 15-Nitroastaxanthin was a major reaction product of astaxanthin with peroxynitrite. Here, the anti-oxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anti-carcinogensis activities of 15-nitroastaxanthin were investigated. In addition to astaxanthin, 15-nitroastaxanthin showed excellent singlet oxygen quenching activity. Furthermore, 15-nitroastaxanthin showed inhibitory effects of in vitro Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation and two-stage carcinogensis on mouse skin papillomas. These activities were slightly higher than those of astaxanthin. Similar results were obtained for the 15-nitrolutein, a major reaction product of lutein with peroxynitrite.