蕨菜中亚硝酸盐含量的测定分析

以分别来自牡丹江地区产的人工栽培和野生鲜蕨菜样品,定期取样,检测不同蕨菜在不同的储藏条件和时间下,其亚硝酸盐含量的动态变化规律,并对其进行比较。结果表明,鲜蕨菜中的亚硝酸盐的含量随储存时间的延长,含量不断上升,在第9日后菜中的亚硝酸盐含量有一个明显的增加过程。长期保鲜的蕨菜要比新鲜蕨菜中所含亚硝酸盐量高。人工栽培菜和野生菜的亚硝酸盐增加趋势大体相同,但人工栽培菜中亚硝酸盐含量的增幅要略大于野生菜的增幅。     

林间山地野生蕨菜人工栽培技术

根据蕨菜植物学特征和生长习性,我们对林地野生蕨菜进行人工栽培试验,表明蕨菜人工栽培必须做好选地、采根、栽植、肥水管理、采收与加工等技术,效果良好,且经济效益明显.     

蕨菜的栽培及加工技术

蕨菜具有较高的营养价值和多重药用功效,人工栽培蕨菜具有较好的经济效益和生态效益。本文从种根采挖培育、地块选择、田间管理等方面对蕨菜的栽培及加工技术进行了阐述。     

欧洲白桦无性系苗期光合特性的比较

对2种栽培条件下欧洲白桦优良无性系1/86、2/86和本地白桦的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及相关生理指标进行了测定.结果表明:在净光合速率方面,田间栽培和盆栽方式下的本地白桦明显高于1/86、2/86,而 1/86、2/86之间则没有明显差异;田间栽培下的3种白桦相应高于盆栽条件下的净光合速率.在蒸腾速率方面,田间栽培条件下的3个白桦品种之间没有明显差异;盆栽条件下的本地白桦显著高于1/86、2/86, 而1/86、2/86之间则没有差异;田间栽培下的1/86、2/86明显高于盆栽的蒸腾速率,而本地白桦在2种栽培方式下没有差异.     

定植密度和施肥种类对蕨菜生长及产量的影响

为了给人工栽培野生蕨菜提供理论依据和技术指导,研究了不同定植密度和施肥种类对人工栽培蕨菜生长及鲜菜产量的影响。结果表明,低密度(25cm×11cm)栽培有利于地下根茎的发育和株高、叶柄长度的增加,但鲜菜产量较低;施用鸡粪不仅地下根茎发育较好,且地上株高、叶柄长度增加,第3年鲜菜产量显著高于施用复合肥、草木灰和不施肥处理。因此,高密度(25cm×5cm)栽植配合施用鸡粪,是获得蕨菜鲜菜最高产量的适宜组合措施。     

康乃馨与菊花无动力自动供液栽培

为了检验无动力自动供液装置在康乃馨和菊花营养液栽培中应用的可行性,对康乃馨与菊花在无动力自动供液简易栽培设施中栽培的条件下与常规栽培条件下的生长情况与切花品质进行了比较研究.结果表明,无动力自动供液简易栽培设施因使用基质的不同,2种花卉的生长与切花品质呈现明显差异,以土壤为固形基质的试验效果与常规栽培基质相同,以玻璃纤维为固形基质的试验效果则因植株位置的不同,生长量差异较大,位处中间位置的植株明显优于两侧的植株.     

不同覆盖方式对人工蕨菜生长发育及产量的影响

对用塑料大棚、塑料小拱棚和露田栽植等３种不同覆盖管理方式的３年生人工蕨菜的生长发育进程、地上茎的生长量及藓菜产量进行了观测和分析,结果表明：塑料大棚内光、温、湿条件比较适合蕨菜生长发育的要求,因而蕨菜出苗早、生长量大,产量高;塑料小拱棚对棚内温、湿条件和蕨菜生长发育及产量也产生一定影响,比露田蕨菜具有一定增产效果,但较大棚效果为次     

日本蕨菜与薇菜的人工栽培概况

蕨菜和薇菜都是蕨类植物,有性世代为孢子繁殖。人工栽培采用无性繁殖。国内尚未见栽培报导,在国外,日本有人栽培,曾发表过多篇文章介绍蕨菜的栽培技术。薇菜的栽培在日本也没有成功。     

黑果枸杞在人工栽培条件下的形态变异

为给黑果枸杞的人工栽培提供理论依据,对野生状态和人工栽培条件下青海黑果枸杞的形态特征进行对比分析。结果表明,人工栽培与野生状态环境条件的差异明显造成黑果枸杞叶片、果实、枝条的形态变化。人工栽培的黑果枸杞与野生状态的黑果枸杞在纵径、横径、单果鲜质量3个指标方面均有显著差异,平均单果鲜质量比野生的增加0.12 g,是野生状态下的1.86倍,并使果实更加饱满。人工栽培的黑果枸杞叶长、叶宽、叶面积明显增大,这是生长条件良性变化导致叶的形态特征的响应与适应。人工栽培的黑果枸杞叶形指数和叶面积的增加,更有利于提高植物的光合效率。野生条件下黑果枸杞枝条短粗,刺多而密,人工栽培使枝条生长加快,棘刺减少,易于果实采收。     

桉树遗传型×环境互作初析

一、引言树木的表现型是遗传和环境共同作用的结果。表现型的好坏,除了遗传、环境这二个因素外,还存在着遗传型×环境的交互作用。这个交互作用是指树木遗传型对变化的环境条件的不同反应。同类树木栽培在不同的环境条件下,表现出来相对生长量的差异,主要是由于树木的遗传型×环境互作所造成的。     

Measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood panels

This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static modulus of elasticity (E _S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E _S, transverse vibration DMOE (E _F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E _L). For all of these species, the correlation between E _S, E _F and E _L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between E _S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E _S and ρ is lower than those between E _F, E _L and E _S. The E _S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131]     

Possibility of grouping of Cyclobalanopsis species (Fagaceae) grown in Japan based on an analysis of several regions of chloroplast DNA

Four regions of chloroplast DNA were sequenced as a prospective genetic marker to identify Japanese representatives of Cyclobalanopsis: Quercus acuta, Q. sessilifolia, Q. salicina, Q. myrsinaefolia, Q. glauca, and Q. gilva. We found that Q. gilva was distinguished from other species based on both the trnL-trnF and trnT-trnL intergenic spacers. The evidence shows good coincidence with the fact that Q. gilva has several peculiar morphological features distinguishable from those of other species. There was no difference in trnL intron and matK. Both trnT-trnL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacers are capable of being used as genetic markers to identify Q. gilva among Cyclobalanopsis species.Part of this paper was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 3–5, 1998     

落叶松水浸液对胡桃楸幼苗生长的影响

A study was conducted to detect the effect of water extracts from different parts such as root, bark, branch and leaf, of adult larch, Larix gmelini, trees on growth of Manchurian walnut, Juglans mandshudca, seedlings and the allelopathy between the two tree species. Four concentrations （100 g. kg i, 50 g. kg^-1, 25 g. kg^-1 and 12.5 g. kg^-1） were prepared for each kind of extracts. Result showed that the water extracts with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the growth of collar diameter and increased biomass and root/shoot ratio of walnut seedlings. The water extracts from branches and barks with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the height growth of the seedlings, while those from leaves and roots slightly decreased the height growth of seedlings. The fact that application of water extracts of larch improved the growth of Manchurian walnut attributes possibly to the allelopathy between the two tree species.     

3种落叶松苗期光能利用效率的比较

正林木90%以上的干物质来自光合作用,单位时间内光能利用效率(包括光能截获能力和光能转化效率)是衡量林木生长潜力的重要指标。光能截获能力主要与叶面积大小及其发展有关,光能转化效率主要与单叶光合速率有关。自发现光合速率在不同个体间存在明显差异后,以提高光能利用效率为目标的"高光效育种"受到育种学家的重视[1-3],而通过选配高光效种质进行有目的杂交已成为高光效育种的重要手段[4]。落叶松(Larix spp.)种间杂交     

CONTROL TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered.     

Evolution of agroforestry in the Xishuangbanna region of tropical China

A review of agroforestry practices in one lowland and one highland community of Xishuangbanna [Yunnan, P.R. China] has been carried out. Multilayer homegardens and taungya for fuelwood in the lowlands, tea shaded by natural forest and shellac production in a swidden farming system in the highlands are described. The extention of these agroforestry systems in Xishuangbanna is analyzed.Farming systems are facing problems related to shifting cultivation and to a rapid development of rubber which induce a negative evolution of these agroforestry systems.New agroforestry patterns based on Chinese research work, with rubber trees or with shade medicinal plants, are in extension in villages and in state farms.

---

Résumé Un inventaire des systèmes agroforestiers du Xishuangbanna [Yunnan, R.P. Chine] a été réalisé: jardins à plusieurs étages et production de bois feu par système de taungya dans un village de plaine, thé à l'ombre de forêt naturelle et production de gomme-lacque dans un système d'agriculture sur brûlis dans un village de montagne.Les systèmes de production sont confrontés aux problèmes liés à l'agriculture sur brûlis, et au développement de l'hévéa. Il en résulte des évolutions négatives de ces practiques agroforestières.De nouveaux modèles agroforestiers, à base d'hévéa ou de plantes médicinales d'ombre, se développent dans les villages et dans les fermes d'état á la suite des travaux de la recherche chinoise.

     

Distribution of gymnemic acid in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre

The gymnemic acid contents in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre were investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results shows that the content of gymnemic acid in various organs, obviously different, was 54.29, 31.66, 28.82, 27.67, 25.39, 20.56 and 1.31 mg·g⁻¹ DW in shoot tips, flowers, nodes, leaves, internodes, roots and seeds, respectively. The highest gymnemic acid content (54.29 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was found in shoot tip, 1.96 fold higher than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW). Maximum quantity of gymnemic acid (35.39 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was observed in the young leaves, which was 1.52 times higher than that in old leaves (23.07 mg·g⁻¹ DW). The content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old internodes was 26.47, 25.77 and 23.94 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all lower than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW), whereas the content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old nodes was 27.96, 28.81 and 29.66 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all higher than that in leaves. The study provides the scientific evidences for the rational development and utilization of Gymnema sylvestre resources, since over exploitation of natural stands has caused depletion of these plants in nature. Foundation project: This work was supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. 33-88/2007 (SR))     

北方型美洲黑杨不同无性系重要性状评价

[目的]为杨树高产低耗高效工业用材新品种选育筛选新种质。[方法]采用布雷金多性状综合评定法和模糊数学隶属函数值法,系统分析和评价北方型美洲黑杨种质生长及光、水分、养分等关键环境资源利用性状。[结果]表明:(1)种源间、种源内无性系间在生长、光合、水分和养分利用方面的差异显著或极显著。(2)总叶面积、成叶速率、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率、生长旺期水分利用效率与北方型美洲黑杨胸径显著或极显著相关。(3)筛选出M6、Q1、Q5、M5、Q7、Q3、M3、Q9等高产型种质,M6、Q1、Q2、M5、Q5、M3、Q4、M2等高产高光效型种质,Q5、Q1、W9、M5、Q7、M6、M3、W2等高产高水分利用型种质,Q9、Q5、Q3、Q8、Q1、M10、Q7、I5高产高养分利用型种质。其中,Q5、M6、Q1、Q2、Q9等无性系兼具生长和对资源(光、水分和养分)的利用优势。[结论]北方型美洲黑杨遗传变异丰富,为优良种源和种质选择提供了依据;总叶面积、成叶速率、、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率等5个与生长关系密切的指标可作为种质资源评价的可靠指标;筛选出的优良种质特别是综合表现最优的5个无性系是后续育种工作的有效资源。     

Evaluation of the level of threat and protective classification of the vegetation of Makehe Forest in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, west China

After investigating and studying the vegetation, we have established that Makehe Forest, in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, Qinghai Province, is host to a total of 364 different species, representing 173 “genera” in 55 different vegetative families. We propose five quantifiable indices for evaluating the level of threat to these plants: 1) the distribution frequency of the “line transect”; 2) the distribution frequency of sample plots; 3) the distribution density inside sample plots; 4) the existing abundance in the forest region; and 5) plant fidelity. The results show that there are two endangered species, six vulnerable species, 12 nearly threatened species and 344 safe species. The study tried to evaluate the urgency for conserving these plants, according to coefficients of closeness to disappearance, of genetic loss and of usefulness. Results also showed that the number of species of primary concern is two; of secondary concern, nine; of the third level, 23; and of least concern, 330 species. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 20–25 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

杨树PtRRI基因的组织特异性表达模式分析

[目的]模式植物在木本植物中鉴定的许多重要调控因子家族在木本植物中出现了基因家族成员扩张,但ARRs家族作为细胞分裂素响应调节因子在杨树基因组中成员数量反而减少,其在木本植物中如何行使功能需要进一步研究。[方法]本研究通过生物信息学构建PtRRI启动子与GUS融合表达载体,检测植物激素处理后PtRRI表达量和检测PPtRRI::GUS转基因植株在生根过程中GUS信号等方法,对杨树PtRRI基因的组织特异性表达模式进行分析。[结果]表明:PtRRI在杨树根部、形成层、木质部表达量相对较高,PtRRI转录受6-BA激素诱导,与其在不定根发育过程中激素调控下的表达相一致。[结论]PtRRI基因可能参与杨树的次级生长。