北方型美洲黑杨不同无性系重要性状评价

目的]为杨树高产低耗高效工业用材新品种选育筛选新种质。方法]采用布雷金多性状综合评定法和模糊数学隶属函数值法,系统分析和评价北方型美洲黑杨种质生长及光、水分、养分等关键环境资源利用性状。结果]表明:(1)种源间、种源内无性系间在生长、光合、水分和养分利用方面的差异显著或极显著。(2)总叶面积、成叶速率、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率、生长旺期水分利用效率与北方型美洲黑杨胸径显著或极显著相关。(3)筛选出M6、Q1、Q5、M5、Q7、Q3、M3、Q9等高产型种质,M6、Q1、Q2、M5、Q5、M3、Q4、M2等高产高光效型种质,Q5、Q1、W9、M5、Q7、M6、M3、W2等高产高水分利用型种质,Q9、Q5、Q3、Q8、Q1、M10、Q7、I5高产高养分利用型种质。其中,Q5、M6、Q1、Q2、Q9等无性系兼具生长和对资源(光、水分和养分)的利用优势。结论]北方型美洲黑杨遗传变异丰富,为优良种源和种质选择提供了依据;总叶面积、成叶速率、、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率等5个与生长关系密切的指标可作为种质资源评价的可靠指标;筛选出的优良种质特别是综合表现最优的5个无性系是后续育种工作的有效资源。

Evaluation of Important Traits of Different Clones of North-Typed Populus deltoides

Objective] To select new germplasm for integrative breeding of poplar new varieties for industrial timber with high-yielding, superior quality and outstanding efficient traits.Method] The comprehensive evaluation and subordinate function were used to analyze and evaluate comprehensively the growth, photosynthetic productivity, water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) of North-typed Populus deltoides germplasm resources.Result] (1). There were significant or very significant differences in growth, photosynthetic productivity, WUE and NUE among different genotypes in the same provenance and among different provenances. (2). The traits of North-typed P. deltoides were significantly or very significantly correlated to DBH growth, including total leaf area, leaf number, leaf number growth rate, internode length, respiration rate, N transfer rate, N content in leaf & WUE in the suitable growth period. (3). According to comprehensive evaluation, 8 clones with high growth, 8 with high growth and photosynthetic productivity, 8 with high growth and WUE, and 8 with high growth and NUE were selected. Among them, 5 clones were found with high growth and high environmental resources use efficiency.Conclusion] The abundant variations of North-typed P. deltoides provide a basis for breeding parents in the provenances and individuals levels. The total leaf area, leaf number growth rate, respiration rate, N transfer rate, and WUE in the suitable growth period can be used as selection index. The excellent germplasm, including 5 best clones, selected by complex evaluation, could be applied in poplar breeding.