南疆绒山羊主要经济性状的相关性分析

以南疆绒山羊为试验动物,研究了绒性状与体重之间的相关关系.结果表明,抓绒量(CW)与绒丛长度(LCS)、绒纤维直径之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P＜0.01),与绒洗净率(WCR)、绒纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)有显著的负相关(P＜0.05);绒洗净率(WCR)、纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)与绒纤维直径(DIA)呈显著正相关(P＜0.05);绒丛长度(LCS)与体重(BW)为显著正相关(P＜0.01).     

南疆绒山羊主要经济性状的相关性分析

以南疆绒山羊为试验动物,研究了绒性状与体重之间的相关关系。结果表明,抓绒量(CW)与绒丛长度(LCS)、绒纤维直径之间存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),与绒洗净率(WCR)、绒纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)有显著的负相关(P<0.05);绒洗净率(WCR)、纤维直径变异系数(CVDIA)与绒纤维直径(DIA)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);绒丛长度(LCS)与体重(BW)为显著正相关(P<0.01)。     

辽宁绒山羊杂交改良子午岭黑山羊效果分析

为了研究辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊绒用性能的杂交改良效果,以辽宁绒山羊、子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊×子午岭黑山羊的杂种绒山羊(简称F_1代杂种绒山羊)作为试验对象,系统测定3个群体的体尺、抓绒后体重、产绒量和绒品质等指标,比较3个群体间的生产性能差异,分析不同羊绒性状之间的表型相关性。结果表明:辽宁绒山羊的体高、体长、胸围、平均纤维直径、抓绒后体重和产绒量均高于F_1代杂种绒山羊和子午岭黑山羊,F_1代杂种绒山羊的体高、体长、胸围、平均纤维直径、抓绒后体重和产绒量分别比子午岭黑山羊高9.5 cm、9 cm、7.1 cm、1.7μm、15.97 kg和424 g。绒山羊抓绒后体重与产绒量(r=0.880)、平均纤维直径(r=0.773)和粗毛数(r=0.354),羊绒平均纤维直径与产绒量(r=0.775)、绒层高度(r=0.475)、粗毛数(r=0.600)和纤维直径标准差(r=0.557)等羊绒性状间呈正相关;平均纤维曲率与体高(r=-0.304)、抓绒后体重(r=-0.395)、产绒量(r=-0.418)、绒层高度(r=-0.547)和平均纤维直径(r=-0.584)等表型性状之间呈较强的负相关。由此表明,辽宁绒山羊杂交改良子午岭黑山羊效果明显,后代的产绒量和抓绒后体重明显提高,但羊绒纤维直径也略微变粗。     

内蒙古绒山羊KAP基因与经济性状关系的研究

以60只内蒙古绒山羊为研究对象,利用PCR-SSCP技术,选取KAP基因作为候选基因,并利用SPSS软件下的GLM程序分析了KAP基因与产绒量性状、体重性状和绒细度性状的关系。结果表明：在产绒量性状上,S1位点的BB基因型和S2位点的BB基因型可以作为标记基因型;在体重性状上,S2位点的BB基因型和S3位点的AA基因型可以作为标记基因型,在绒细度性状上,S5位点的BB基因型可以作为标记基因型。在体重和产绒量性状上S2位点的BB基因型,可以作为多性状标记辅助选择的标记基因型。     

KAP8.1基因多态对内蒙古绒山羊绒毛性状的影响

以角蛋白关联蛋白8.1(KAP8.1)基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP技术,在内蒙古绒山羊群体中进行基因多态性检测.结果检测到AA、AB、AC、BB、BC和CC六种基因型,A、B和C三种等位基因;测序结果验证融P8.1基因编码区存在T113G和G116C两个SNP位点(GenBank accession no.AY510122),这两个突变未改变KAP 8.1蛋白氨基酸序列;关联分析结果表明,不同基因型对产绒量、绒长度和毛长度有显著影响(P＜0.05),但对绒细度没有影响(P＞0.05);AB基因型和BB基因型产碱量显著高于其它基因型.分析认为该效应是由于T113G突变所造成,表明KAP8.1基因多态性可能是缄山羊产绒量的一个分子标记.     

出生类型和年龄对陇东绒山羊主要经济性状的影响

以2012～2017年陇东绒山羊育种核心群母羊测定(调查)资料,运用最小二乘方差法分析出生类型和年龄对主要经济性状的影响。结果表明:出生类型对产绒量和出生重有极显著影响(P<0.01),对断奶重有显著影响(P<0.05),对绒长度、绒直径和抓绒后体重无显著影响(P>0.05);年龄对产绒量、绒长、绒直径和抓绒后体重均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。产绒高峰期在2～4岁,5岁时体重最大,2～6岁是生长发育及产绒的理想利用时期。     

内蒙古白绒山羊生产性能随年龄变化规律的研究

通过分析内蒙古鄂托克旗阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羊场，１９８９～１９９８年间绒山羊不同年龄组抓绒量、抓绒后体重、毛长、绒厚、细度和长度的平均值，揭示了内蒙古白绒山羊以上各性状随年龄变化的规律。并提出了内蒙古基山羊在６一应予以淘汰，在群体年龄结构上应减少天龄羊在群体中的比例。     

内蒙古阿尔巴斯型白绒山羊数量性状参数的分析

对内蒙古阿尔巴斯型白绒山羊产绒量、绒长度、毛长度、抓绒后体重等生产性能进行测量鉴定.通径分析可知,抓绒后体重对产绒量的直接作用0.4143 ,绒长度对产绒量的直接作用0.126 7,绒长度通过体重对产绒量的间接作用0.1769.抓绒后体重与产绒量的相关系数为0.465 2而P＜0.01,即极显著.绒长度与产绒量的相关系数为0.295 9,且P＜0.01,即极显著.抓绒后体重对产绒量的决定系数为0.171 7,所分析的因素中绝对值最大.其次是体重和绒长度的相关原因共同对产绒量的决定系数,即0.044 8.     

陇东绒山羊专门化品系培育效果与分析

为了进一步培育优质高产陇东绒山羊群体,利用引进的绒细型和绒长型种公羊进行分区域杂交改良和品系繁育,培育出适宜陇东干旱半干旱自然生态条件的陇东绒山羊专门化品系。培育结果表明:绒细型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为601.67g和465.76g,体重分别为36.16kg和29.31kg,羊绒细度分别为14.49μm和14.25μm;绒长型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为626.49g和506.37g,体重分别为37.74kg和29.65kg,羊绒细度分别为15.02μm和14.82μm。同时利用微卫星DNA技术研究了9对基因座位在陇东绒山羊群体中的遗传多样性,通过标记多态性与生产性状的最小二乘线性模型,进行了分子标记与经济性状的相关分析,并在这些位点上找到经济性状优势基因型以及对相应性状具有正效应或负效应的等位基因。     

内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊数量性状参数的初步分析

对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊产绒量、绒长度、毛长度、抓绒后体重等生产性能进行测量鉴定。通过分析可知，抓绒后体重对产绒量的直接作用０．４１４３，绒长度对产绒量的直接作用０．１２６７，它通过体重对产绒量的间接作用０．１７６９。抓绒后体重与产绒量的相关系数为０．４６５２而Ｐ〈０．０１，即极显著。绒长度与产绒量的相关系数为０．２９５９，且Ｐ〈０．０１，即极显著，抓绒后体重对产绒量的决定系数为０．１７１７，所分析的因     

Effect of Light Controlling and Ventilation Design on Cashmere Growth and Ammonia Concentration of Cashmere Goat

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of light controlling and ventilation design on cashmere growth and ammonia concentration of cashmere goat,which would provide theoretical basis for high efficient and ecological feeding of cashmere goat during the cashmere non-growing period.A total of 56 non-pregnant Shaanbei White cashmere goat with similar age,weight and parity were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups.Group I was received natural light,group Ⅱ was received controlling (illumination at 09:30 to 16:30,and light control at 16:30 to 09:30 of next day),and group Ⅲ was received same light condition except for additional 15% concentrate feed supplemented.Different ventilation schemes of goat house under the light-controlled condition were set and cashmere wool growth traits and barn NH₃ concentrations were determined.The results showed that illumination condition had no significant effects on body weight of Shaanbei White cashmere goat (P>0.05),but average daily gain of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲwere slightly higher than group Ⅰ.Compared with group Ⅰ,the fluff mixtures weight of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the fluff ratio were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the weight of cashmere wool,which were increased by 68.40% and 78.78%,respectively,were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).Less illumination resulted in longer cashmere fiber stretched length,while it caused an increasing fiber fineness of cashmere by increasing illumination.No significant differences were observed between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05).Under light-controlled conditions,using four mechanical ventilators during non-light controlled time (09:30 to 16:30) could significantly reduce the concentration of NH₃ (P<0.05).The results indicated that light controlling could increase cashmere production during the cashmere non-growing period of cashmere goat,however,less nutrients intake should be done to prevent the increasing of fiber diameter.Proper ventilation and clearance rate should be considered to keep air quality and goat health according to feeding density and house space.     

光照控制、通风设计对绒山羊绒毛生长和圈舍氨气浓度的影响

本试验通过人为控制光照,探讨光照控制和通风设计对绒山羊在非产绒期绒毛生长和羊舍氨气（NH₃）浓度的影响,为非产绒期绒山羊高效生态养殖提供理论依据。选取年龄、体重、胎次相近的56只3~4岁陕北白绒山羊空怀母羊作为试验动物,随机分为3组。Ⅰ组为对照组,采用自然光照,试验羊12只;Ⅱ组为试验组,采用控制光照,试验羊22只;Ⅲ组在同等控制光照条件下,粗饲料饲喂量相同,精料水平饲喂量增加15%,试验羊22只。对照组采用完全自然光照;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组每日进行光照7 h（09：30~16：30）,其余17 h（16：30~次日09：30）进入光控舍内进行光控处理,并设置不同的通风换气方案,测定试验羊绒毛生长性状和羊舍NH₃浓度。结果显示,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验羊末重和日增重差异均不显著（P>0.05）,平均日增重略高于Ⅰ组（P>0.05）。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组可极显著增加绒毛混合重（P<0.01）、显著提高绒毛比（P<0.05）、极显著增加绒重（P<0.01）,分别较Ⅰ组提高了68.40%和78.78%。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组绒毛混合重、绒毛比及绒重差异均不显著（P>0.05）。光照控制组可极显著增加绒纤维伸直长度（P<0.01）,但在控制光照条件下增加精料摄入量对绒纤维伸直长度无显著影响（P>0.05）。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组显著增加了绒纤维细度（P<0.05）,但对绒纤维断裂强度无显著影响（P>0.05）。在每日清粪的基础上,在白天非光控时间（09：30~16：30）同时开启4个风机,可有效降低光控羊舍内NH₃浓度。结果提示,在绒山羊非产绒期,通过光照控制可增加羊绒产量,但应适当降低日粮中营养素浓度,以保证绒纤维品质。同时,应根据圈舍空间大小,选择合适的风机数量和功率及清粪间隔,以保障圈舍内空气质量和试验羊健康。     

埋植外源褪黑激素对不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊产绒性能的影响

为研究非长绒期埋植外源褪黑激素对不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊产绒性能的影响,本试验选择2～6岁能繁母羊150只,每个年龄段根据产绒量和体重将母羊随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组于2014年4月30日和6月30日埋植2 mg/kg BW褪黑激素于耳部皮下。自埋植开始至试验结束(2015年4月底抓绒),逐月观察山羊绒生长情况,并于抓绒时采集绒样,分析埋植对山羊绒生长的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组所有年龄段山羊绒产量和绒长度均显著提高,绒细度显著降低(P<0.05),其中5岁埋植组山羊的产绒量提高幅度和细度下降幅度最大,分别达到28.75%、4.94%,6岁埋植组山羊绒长度增加幅度最大,为29.27%。综上,不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊埋植外源褪黑激素均有促进山羊绒生长和提高产量作用,但不同年龄绒山羊增产效果不一致,并且褪黑激素对于提高内蒙古绒山羊后期的生产力作用更大。     

Effects of tryptophan supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics, serum tryptophan, and related hormone concentrations in cashmere goats

This study was designed to investigate the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics and on serum Trp, melatonin (MEL), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations in cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Thirty-six Liaoning cashmere wether goats were stratified on the basis of body weight (28 ± 0.8 kg) and assigned randomly to 1 of the following 4 rumen-protected Trp treatments: 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g per goat per day. The experimental period lasted 137 d. Blood samples were collected monthly during the daytime (8:00 AM) and at night (8:00 PM). Tryptophan supplementation improved cashmere growth rates, cashmere weight, and body weight (P = 0.001) and increased serum Trp levels, nighttime MEL concentrations, IGF-1, and T(3) and T(4) concentrations (P < 0.05). Across the treatments and sampling months, a highly positive correlation between cashmere growth rate and nighttime serum MEL concentrations was observed (r = 0.879, P = 0.001). A moderately negative correlation between cashmere growth rates and serum PRL concentrations during the day and at night (r(day) = -0.645, P = 0.007; r(night) = -0.583, P = 0.018) was observed. A moderately positive correlation between the cashmere growth rate and the daytime serum IGF-1 concentration (r = 0.536, P = 0.032) was observed, and no correlation was found between the cashmere growth rate and the other serum hormone concentrations. These data indicate that changes in serum concentrations of MEL, IGF-1, and PRL are related to cashmere growth in Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Under the experimental conditions of the current trial, we suggest that Trp may promote cashmere growth by increasing daytime IGF-1 and nighttime MEL secretion.     

Effect of sex and rearing system on the quality and mineral content of fiber from raeini cashmere goats

The aim of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and mineral content of the fiber from male and female cashmere goats raised under different management systems. Male and female Raeini cashmere goats (<1.5 years of age, n = 48) were selected from flocks raised at a government breeding station or raised commercially under either rural or nomadic conditions. The staple length, cashmere fiber diameter, coefficient of variation for fiber diameter, percentage of cashmere in a fleece, percentage of guard hair in a fleece and cashmere tenacity averaged 4.6 ±0.1 cm, 18.0 ±0.1 m, 20.9 ± 0.4%, 66.1 ± 1.5%, 33.8 ± 1.5% and 1.8 ± 0.2 gf/tex, respectively. The sulfur, copper and zinc content of the cashmere averaged 2.8 ± 0.1%, 0.00065 ± 0.00002% and 0.01276 ± 0.00025%, respectively. Rearing method significantly affected staple length, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter, cashmere tenacity and copper content. Males had a higher coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and cashmere tenacity than females (P < 0.05).     

辽宁绒山羊绒直径变异的研究

本文系统分析了环境因素对辽宁绒山羊绒直径的影响、绒直径的遗传特点及其群体绒直径的分布情况。羊绒自根部至尖部逐渐变粗，尖部与根部绒直径相差３．３１μｍ；体躯绒直径最小部位与最大部位差异为２．０９μｍ；３周岁时绒直径最大，公羊平均绒直径比母羊高１．０μｍ；同一公羊雄性后代的绒直径比雌性后代平均高０．５１μｍ；公羊年龄对后代具有显著的影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）；绒直径的遗传力为０．４２１，与产绒量、体重的遗传相关分别为０．６５８和０．１１２。部分公羊的后代具有产绒量高、体重大而绒直径小的理想组合。在整个群体中２６．４０％的母羊和５３．５１％的公羊生产１４．５μｍ以下的羊绒，９．６％的３周岁母羊和５．９％的３周岁公羊生产１４．５μｍ以下的羊绒     

从山羊绒品质分析试论中国绒山羊遗传资源保护

中国绒山羊生产的特种动物纤维是当今天然纺织纤维之珍品,绒山羊已被列为国家第一类遗传保护资源。为了实施有效保护,必须对保护对象的特异性状进行研究评估,这是认识种质资源特点的基础工作。因此,展开我国绒山羊羊绒品质的全面检测与研究是遗传资源保护的基本内容,具有非常重要的意义。“中国绒山羊主要品种(类型)羊绒纤维品质及遗传多样性的研究”采用统一方法检测了全国10个省区16个类型母羊羊绒纤维品质,结果表明：中国绒山羊所产羊绒的平均直径在15.0～16.0 μm,与历史报道相比存在羊绒平均直径趋向于15.5 μm的趋同现象;出现这种现象的主要原因是羊绒直径与羊绒长度及产量存在正的遗传相关及多年来对产绒量的过于追求。作者提出了绒山羊遗传资源保护的具体内容——特有纤维品质的保护,结合目前我国绒山羊遗传资源的特点,明确了实行“按质论价”的原绒收购体制是山羊绒产业健康发展和健全绒山羊遗传资源保护机制的前提。     

陕北白绒山羊皮肤毛囊形态结构及其特征参数与产绒性状的相关性分析

试验旨在研究陕北白绒山羊皮肤毛囊结构及其特征参数与产绒性状间的相关性,为绒山羊绒毛生长的分子调控机理研究及皮肤毛囊性状在绒山羊选育中的应用提供参考。通过制作陕北白绒山羊皮肤组织切片,用显微照相系统观察皮肤毛囊形态特征,统计分析皮肤和毛囊的特征参数,并用SPSS 17.0软件分析特征参数与产绒性状各指标的相关性。结果显示,陕北白绒山羊毛囊成群分布且以三元型毛囊群为主,占总毛囊群的85.80%;产绒量与体重、绒长度、S/P值、次级毛球宽度均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与次级毛囊密度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与表皮厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;绒长度与产绒量、次级毛球宽度均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与体重、S/P值、次级毛囊直径均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与表皮厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;绒细度与S/P值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;S/P值影响绒细度,而体重、绒长度、S/P值、次级毛囊密度（绒密度）显著影响产绒量（P<0.05）。综合分析认为,S/P值可以作为陕北白绒山羊选种工作中的一个重要性状指标,在育种工作中选择高S/P值个体,不仅能够提高产绒量,而且能够提高绒长度、降低绒细度,解决产绒量和绒品质同时提高的矛盾。