赤霉素解除马铃薯块茎休眠的调控敏感位点初探

以马铃薯栽培品种“大西洋”和“中薯 3号”脱毒试管薯为试验材料。以针沾取GA3处理休眠期试管块茎不同部位 ,研究GA3 解除马铃薯块茎休眠的调控部位。结果表明 :块茎顶部对GA3 处理最敏感 ,其次是基部 ,然后是第一侧芽、第二侧芽 ,说明GA3 解除块茎休眠过程中的敏感调控部位主要是在块茎的顶部     

马铃薯块茎休眠解除过程的形态学观察与鉴定

利用石蜡切片分析了室温储存条件下马铃薯栽培品种‘Favorita’块茎休眠解除过程中的形态组织学变化,并对块茎中的淀粉和蛋白质含量的变化作了研究。结果显示,马铃薯块茎在休眠期芽眼分生组织细胞停止分裂,伴随着休眠的解除,芽眼分生组织细胞开始分裂且分裂速度越来越快,芽原基最终形成一个完整的芽,伴随此过程,观察到芽原基周围部分细胞程序性死亡最终发育形成环纹、螺纹导管的现象;马铃薯块茎从休眠解除到芽的萌发过程中淀粉含量则出现下降且淀粉颗粒逐渐由规则卵圆形变为较小的不规则状,在靠近芽原基的分化部位蛋白质含量有明显上升趋势。室温储存60 d的块茎被认为完全解除休眠。     

马铃薯畸形薯综合防治技术

随着种植水平的不断提高,马铃薯的产量也有了大幅度提高,但大部分种植户在一味提高产量的同时忽略了一个重要的问题,就是块茎生长过程中常常会出现畸形薯,尤其是在中原二季作春季栽培中,收获的薯块有很多发生二次生长,或顶芽长出匍匐茎,或形成链条薯、次生薯等,严重影响马铃薯的商品性,大大降低马铃薯的种植效益。结合自己多年的种植经验,     

不同品种（系）马铃薯休眠块茎顶端和茎端芽眼组织马铃薯Y病毒含量分析

马铃薯Y病毒（Potato virus Y,PVY）是马铃薯生产中较常见的病毒之一,马铃薯病毒的检测是生产中保障马铃薯品质和产量的重要基础,收获后批量检测是进行种薯质量评价的主要依据之一。研究针对‘56-2’‘Ivory Russet’‘Clearwater Russet‘’龙薯14号‘’龙薯3号‘’龙薯15号‘’龙育201401-70‘’龙薯7号‘’克新23号’和‘克新28号’马铃薯品种（系）休眠块茎样品,采用TRIzol法提取马铃薯休眠块茎顶端和茎端芽眼组织的总RNA,经qRT-PCR和RT-PCR检测分析,比较块茎的顶端与茎端芽眼组织PVY含量分布的情况。结果表明,上述供试材料的休眠块茎茎端芽眼组织PVY浓度均高于顶端芽眼组织,能够精准的检测到病毒的存在;对‘Ivory Russet’品种的休眠块茎选取100个带病样品通过TRIzol法提取顶端与茎端的总RNA,采用4合1的方法合样后进行PVY RT-PCR检测,所有处理的顶端芽眼组织检测条带亮度低于茎端芽眼组织。可见,马铃薯休眠块茎茎端芽眼组织取样能够更加精准的检测出PVY。研究结果为马铃薯种薯收获后PVY的检测及合理取样提供了...     

晋薯9号马铃薯结薯规律的研究

经三年的试验资料表明,晋薯９号马铃薯的结薯规律,与地上部生长有着密切的关系。如株高生长最快时期是在块茎膨大盛期前夕;分枝生长最快时期是在花期左右,与块茎膨大盛期同步。复叶生长最快时期是和匍匐茎发生与生长同时进行。当植株茎叶鲜重生长进入高峰时期,块茎也进入膨大盛期。匍匐茎的发生是伴随着根和芽的生长而发生。在幼苗期考察,已有匍匐茎３～５条,出苗３０ｄ后基本全部形成,约７条左右。现蕾期后一周,匍匐茎顶端形成小块茎,单株出现１０～５０ｇ块茎,即块茎形成期。出苗后４０ｄ左右,正是初花,单株出现５０～１００ｇ块茎,地下部块茎进入膨大期。当株高、茎叶鲜重达到全生育期最大值时,单株出现１００ｇ以上块茎,当时正是花期后的两周,即出苗后６０ｄ左右,单株块茎日增量增至１８～２７ｇ,块茎进入膨大盛期。     

马铃薯块茎休眠及其打破的方法

马铃薯块茎借休眠以渡过不利其生长的条件,从而保证世代繁衍的遗传特性。马铃薯块茎的大小和休眠时间的长短影响其商品价值和利用时间,储藏过程中的休眠解除会造成水分、养分大量消耗,以至丧失应用价值。随着生产发展的需要,有关马铃薯休眠的研究已经被提出,了解休眠特征和打破休眠的方法,对于栽培和储藏保鲜具有十分重要的意义。     

马铃薯块茎休眠及休眠调控研究进展

系统介绍了马铃薯块茎休眠的总体特征以及休眠块茎在细胞生理学方面的研究进展.同时还论述激素对马铃薯块茎休眠的调节作用,并提出了一些打破休眠的方法。     

马铃薯块茎不同部位芽对掰芽繁殖的影响

掰芽技术是根据马铃薯具有多个芽眼的特点,充分调动每个芽眼发出苗进行掰芽移栽,达到快速繁殖,节约种薯,提高繁殖系数的目的。通过马铃薯的掰芽快速繁育试验,在试验中对马铃薯块茎上的芽按照不同的分布部位进行掰芽移栽。根据不同部位芽生长动态及其在掰芽繁殖中的成活率得出以下结论:薯顶的成活率达到100%,薯中的达到95.00%,薯尾的则只有84.72%。     

马铃薯不同芽位切块种薯对植株生长发育及产量的效应

<正> 马铃薯同一块茎不同位置芽眼之间生理年龄的不同,则由其发育形成的植株生物学特性及农艺经济性状也应存在一定差异,为了探明这种芽位差异对植株的影响,并进一步为指导生产中正确选用种薯提供科学依据,于1992年进行了本项试验研究。 1 材料与方法试验以陇薯2号为参试材料,按采用种薯不同设5个处理:①整薯种;②顶芽种     

植物生长调节剂在马铃薯生产中的应用

<正> 在马铃薯上应用植物生长调节剂可以打破块茎休眠、促进种子萌发、促进插穗生根和加速试管结薯,从而加速繁殖;也可以促进茎叶生长、控上促下,进而提高单产;还可以抑制萌发,延长块茎贮藏时间。     

Seed potato quality as influenced by high temperatures during the growth period. 2. Sprouting pattern in several cultivars in response to storage temperature

Summary Locally grown seed tubers of nine varieties developing in spring or in autumn in a semi-arid region were examined for length of dormancy and for sprouting response. In spring, high temperatures during the last part of tuber development markedly shortened the dormant periods of tubers in comparison with tubers of the same varieties developing in autumn. The sprouting behaviour of tubers indicated that it is a varietal characteristic influenced by the change in environmental conditions during tuber development and storage. On tubers developing in spring and stored at high temperatures, three sprouting patterns were defined: a) apical dominance, characterized by the evident development of the apical sprout and less than 10% sprouting of the non-apical buds; b) apical influence, the apical sprout well developed and 10–20% sprouting of the non-apical buds; and c) simultaneous sprouting of 3 or 4 sprouts of similar size per tuber. It is suggested that apical dominance is a relative rather than an absolute phenomenon. The extent of dominance depends upon the variety's response to the high temperatures during tuber growth and storage. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Beit Dagan, Israel, 1979 Series, No 301.     

马铃薯贮藏还原糖含量与不同因素的相互关系的分析

马铃薯贮藏过程中其还原据含量受温度、体积、时间以及通风量和光照条件的影响。用夏·薛·哈(Somogyi—Shaffer—Hartmarin)三氏法测定了8541至8545、东北白和紫花白7品种(系)的马铃薯还原糖在贮藏期随温度、体积、品种以及不同时期的含量;并对正交试验数据进行了处理,得到了贮藏期还原糖含量受诸多因素影响的变化关系,结果表明,正交试验法是一种行之有效的研究方法。     

Potato Stem Density Effects on Canopy Development and Production

Controlled environment studies with potato frequently assume responses from single-stem potato plants can be extrapolated to the field where multiple-stemmed plants are common. Controlled environment studies were conducted to characterize differences in canopy growth, development, and dry matter production between single- and multiple-stemmed potted potatoes. Leaf area distribution was influenced by stem density, with main stem and apical lateral branch leaf area being 150% to 200% larger in triple-stemmed (3S) versus single-stemmed (1S) pots (P < 0.01), while basal lateral branch leaf area was 50% less (P < 0.01). Basal lateral branches were more developed in 1S pots with longer branch lengths, more leaf area, and higher orders of branching. In a second experiment, more leaves were initiated in higher-density pots; however, individual leaf areas were approximately 50% smaller than those in 1S pots. Total leaf area and total, vegetative, and tuber dry matter production were unaffected by stem density in either experiment on a per pot basis. Development and growth of lower basal lateral branches in the 1S potato canopy offset any initial advantage in leaf numbers in the multiple-stemmed plants. These results appeared to validate the assumption that, given a late maturing cultivar and adequate nutrition, responses from single-stemmed plants can be extended to multiple-stemmed plants when expressed on a production area basis. These findings have practical considerations for potato researchers who conduct growth chamber experiments and potato modelers.     

群体密度控制以及打顶对脱毒马铃薯生长的影响

为研究马铃薯主茎数量以及打顶对马铃薯生长的影响,以丽薯7号为材料,通过盆栽试验研究人工控制主茎数量以及打顶的物理方法对马铃薯生长的影响。研究表明:每穴3茎是较好的群体密度调控,能够提高马铃薯产量。打顶有利于控制马铃薯株型,削弱其顶端优势,减少地上部茎叶对地下块茎的抑制,增加了马铃薯产量。     

种薯重量对旱地马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响

在内蒙古阴山北部丘陵区半干旱条件下,通过田间试验研究了不同重量种薯对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：在干旱条件下,马铃薯植株生长发育、主茎数及块茎产量与种薯重量有着十分密切的关系。在一定范围内,随种薯重量的增加,每穴茎数相应增加,植株表现生长旺盛,单位面积产量呈上升趋势,净产量则随种薯重量的增加呈下降趋势。以５０～７５ｇ种薯净产量最高,达９２８０．５～８０３１．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,商品薯率较高,经济效益最佳,种薯重量≥３００ｇ,净产量最低,仅３２２５．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,经济效益最差。     

A potato bud bioassay for use in assessing activities of endogenous growth substances in the potato

Summary A method is described for assessing the activities of growth substances using excised potato buds. Plugs containing an apical bud were excised and the cut surfaces wrapped in vitafilm. The buds were held for up to thirty days at 20°C without rotting. Daily treatment of buds for 5 days after excision, with either gibberellic acid or an extract of potato sprout promoted breaking of dormancy and growth of sprouts.     

马铃薯块茎还原糖含量与各器官含磷量的关系

以克新 1号和夏坡蒂原种为材料 ,通过田间试验和室内分析测定 ,对生育期间马铃薯块茎还原糖含量的变化与各器官含磷量的关系进行了初步研究。结果表明 :马铃薯块茎中还原糖含量随生育进程逐渐减少 ;品种之间各器官含P量与块茎还原糖含量呈显著负相关 ;增施磷肥可显著提高各器官含磷量 ,从而有利于块茎还原糖含量的降低     

The effect of short periods of shading at different stages of growth on the development of tuber number and yield

Summary Shading potato plants at the beginning of tuber initiation for a period of 12 days reduced the rate of tuber formation and growth; but after the shades were removed tuber formation continued to give more tubers and the shaded plants eventually produced 30% more tubers than the unshaded, with similar yield. Shading for 12 days during the early stages of rapid tuber bulking had no effect on tuber number or survival, though bulking rate was temporarily reduced, leading to a reduction in final yield. These number results indicate that tuber number can be influenced by the weather during the period of tuber initiation.     

整薯播种对马铃薯生育及产量的影响

1979～1984年,在黑龙江省北部黑土地区气象条件、生产水平和栽培条件下,通过田间试验,研究了整薯播种对马铃薯生育和产量的影响。结果表明:整薯播种与传统习惯的切块播种相比,6年期间平产出现频率为2次,一般年份整薯播种比切块播种增产9～12%,在春旱严重的1980年,整薯播种表现出非常突出的抗旱保苗效果。在群体叶面积发展进程上,整薯播种表现早发早衰,切块播种晚发晚表,一般年份光合势前者比后者高9.6%,春旱严重的1980年高82.8%。块茎商品率以112.5克为准时,6年平均整薯播种为74.1%,切块播种为80.0%,两者相差5.9%;以50克为准时,整薯播种为97.3%,切块播种为98.2%,两者相差0.9%。