生物炭对杉木人工林土壤碳氮矿化的影响

为探讨杉木生物炭输入到土壤中后对土壤碳、氮矿化的影响和机制,通过室内培养实验,研究了单独施用生物炭、凋落物及其配合施用下土壤碳、氮矿化的特征以及可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量的变化。结果表明,生物炭单独施用或与凋落物同时添加到土壤中,均增加了土壤有机碳含量且抑制了土壤有机碳和/或凋落物的矿化。生物炭对DOC的吸附效应导致土壤可利用态碳显著降低,且单独添加生物炭后,土壤微生物生物量碳含量在培养初期显著降低,故这种吸附效应可能是生物炭抑制土壤有机碳矿化的重要原因之一。生物炭单独添加到土壤中在培养结束后(90 d)并未改变土壤氮的矿化量,但在培养过程中,却降低了土壤氮的矿化;然而,无论是否存在生物炭,添加凋落物均显著降低了土壤氮的矿化并增加了微生物生物量氮。这说明,无凋落物存在的情况下,生物炭的固氮效应呈现出短期效应。     

Effects of Long-Term Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Field A Case Study on Red Soil

Soil organic carbon （SOC） is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only （NPK）, green manure （Astragalus sinicus L.） in early rice only （OM1）, high rate of green manure in early rice only （OM2）, combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice （OM3）, combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OM4）, combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OMS）. Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 （33.9 t ha^-1） and OM4 （31.8 t ha^-1）, but no difference between NPK fertilization （27 t ha^-1） and nonfertilization （28.1 t ha^-1）. There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments （0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr^-1） than in chemical fertilizer （0.216 g kg^-1 yr^-1） and no fertilizer （0.127 g kg^-1 yr^-1）.     

地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对土壤微生物量碳和氮的影响

采用培养熏蒸-提取法测定了不同施肥处理和长期地膜覆盖条件下土壤微生物量碳和氮的含量。结果表明:长期不同施肥处理对土壤微生物量碳和氮产生显著影响。长期施有机肥和有机无机肥配合施用使土壤微生物量碳平均提高102.6%和60.1%,使土壤微生物量氮平均提高107%和41.2%;施氮肥处理则使土壤微生物量碳平均降低30.8%,使微生物量氮平均降低1.46%。地膜覆盖对土壤微生物量碳和氮影响不显著,不同施肥处理覆膜后变化趋势不同。其中,对照、N4及M4N2P1处理土壤微生物量碳覆膜后平均升高20.4%、44.6%和12.9%,土壤微生物量氮平均升高22.9%、12.7%和56.5%;而M4处理土壤微生物量碳覆膜后平均降低27.5%,微生物量氮平均降低31.2%。另外,长期施用有机肥可以提高微生物对肥料的利用率,而长期施氮肥则降低其利用率;长期地膜覆盖可使土壤微生物对肥料固作用更加明显。     

施肥对黄河三角洲区盐碱化土壤活性碳、氮的影响

以黄河三角洲区低盐和高盐土壤为对象,采用盆栽棉花试验,分析不施肥(CK)、施化肥(NPK)、秸秆+化肥(S+NPK)、牛粪+化肥(M+NPK)处理下棉花生长期土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和溶解性碳、氮的含量,探讨施肥对其的影响。结果表明,NPK处理对低盐土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量的影响较小,而S+NPK、M+NPK处理明显提高微生物生物量碳和氮含量,与CK相比增加幅度分别为10.4%-113.4%、45.7%-115.9%和56.9%-90.6%、69.2%-186.4%。NPK、S+NPK、M+NPK处理均明显提高了高盐土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量,增加幅度分别为18.6%-62.1%、19.8%-106.3%、31.8%-220.0%和46.7%-115.1%、58.2%-131.2%、70.2%-146.0%。各施肥处理对两个土壤溶解性碳含量的影响均较小。尽管在棉花生长前期(5月、6月)NPK处理可明显提高土壤溶解性氮含量,与CK相比低盐和高盐土壤增加的比例分别为40.5%-60.7%和139.9%-229.2%,但在棉花生长后期(9月、10月)影响较小。研究阐明了有机-无机配合施肥有利于提高黄河三角洲地区盐碱地土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量,特别是对于高盐含量的土壤效果更加明显。     

不同类型水稻种植下稻田根际土壤活性有机碳含量的差异

研究田间试验条件下水稻收获后不同类型稻田根际土壤溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化态碳和颗粒态碳含量的差异。结果表明,种植常规稻的根际土壤中上述4种形态有机碳的含量分别为68．36～97．85 mg·kg^－1、292．00～434．24mg·kg^－1、4．32～6．72g·kg^－1、21．55～32．28g·kg^－1;种植杂交稻的根际土壤中其含量分别为80．06～98．28 mg·kg^－1,362．62～521．64 mg·kg^－1,4．71～6．82g·kg^－1,25．59～34．81 g·kg^－1;种植杂交稻的根际土壤中上述4种有机碳含量均显著高于种植常规稻的土壤。种植的水稻类型及品种间土壤溶解性有机碳、微生物生物量碳、易氧化态碳及颗粒态碳含量的差异受水稻品种和环境因素的影响,其机理涉及土壤-作物系统碳的输入与输出,与土壤-作物系统中碳分配和土壤生物碳利用的差异有关,需对此做深入研究。     

茶园土壤团聚体中微生物量碳、氮的分布特征

 【目的】弄清茶园土壤团聚体中微生物量碳、氮的分布特征,以期反映退耕还茶模式对土壤团聚体及其养分循环的影响,为协调区域土地利用及退耕还林（茶）工程的实施提供依据。【方法】采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,以撂荒地和桉树人工林为对照,就茶园土壤团聚体中微生物量碳、氮的分布特征进行了研究。【结果】（1）茶园和对照撂荒地、桉树人工林土壤团聚体中有机碳含量基本随团聚体直径的减小而增加,最大值均集中于＜0.25 mm团聚体中;（2）茶园及对照地土壤微生物量碳、氮含量则基本随团聚体直径的减小而降低,其中茶园土壤团聚体中微生物量碳、氮含量最大值分布于5—2 mm团聚体中,茶园土壤除了＜0.25 mm团聚体外,其微生物量碳、氮的含量均高于撂荒地和桉树人工林同直径团聚体;（3）茶园及对照地土壤团聚体微生物熵基本随团聚体直径的减小而降低,其中茶园土壤团聚体微生物熵最大值分布于5—2 mm团聚体中,其分布规律与微生物量碳、氮基本一致。【结论】与撂荒地、桉树人工林相比,茶园土壤团聚体中微生物量碳、氮较为丰富,大团聚体中的含量尤为突出,表明退耕还茶是研究区一种较为理想的退耕模式。     

桂林毛村岩溶区与非岩溶区果园土壤养分性质比较研究

研究了处于同一气候条件下岩溶区与非岩溶区果园土壤溶解有机碳的空间变化及其与土壤养分性质的关系。结果表明:岩溶区土壤pH值与土壤溶解有机碳(DOC)呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.465,P<0.01),DOC与土壤有机碳、全氮、速效氮呈极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.347、0.574、0.444,P<0.01);非岩溶区DOC与土壤有机碳、土壤全氮含量呈正相关关系(r分别为0.187、0.191)。土壤溶解有机碳、土壤溶解有机氮(DON)与土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物量氮(MBN)的关系依土壤环境条件差异而不同。非岩溶区土壤的C/N较适宜土壤微生物的生长、繁殖。岩溶区与非岩溶区时空变化,导致土壤养分性质变化。     

施肥对玉米/大豆套作土壤活性有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响

【目的】研究不同施肥模式对玉米/大豆套作下土壤有机碳组分和碳库管理指数的影响。【方法】通过长期定位田间试验,以不施肥(CK)作为对照,按照氮磷钾施用量相同原则,设单施化肥(NPK)、70%NPK+30%秸秆(J1)、70%NPK+30%牛粪(N1)、40%NPK+60%秸秆(J2)和40%NPK+60%牛粪(N2)施肥处理,测定土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳、易氧化有机碳和微生物量碳含量,并计算土壤碳库管理指数。【结果】与CK相比,2013年N1、J2和N2处理显著地提高了土壤有机碳含量;2014年各施肥处理均显著地提高了土壤有机碳含量。除2013年NPK处理外,2013年和2014年各施肥处理土壤可溶性有机碳含量均显著高于CK,其中J2处理可溶性有机碳含量最高,2013年显著高于NPK。土壤易氧化有机碳含量在2年内均表现为N1、J2和N2处理显著高于CK,其中N2处理土壤易氧化有机碳含量最高。各施肥处理土壤微生物量碳含量均显著高于CK,其中N2处理土壤微生物量碳含量最高。与同年CK相比,各施肥处理均显著地提高了土壤碳库管理指数,其中N2处理土壤碳库管理指数最高。【结论】玉米/大豆套作下,40%化肥与60%牛粪配施(N2)是提高桂西北喀斯特地区土壤活性有机碳组分和碳库管理指数的最佳方案。     

Total Carbon Storage in Himalaya Rangeland of Milke-Jaljale Area,Eastern Nepal

Rangelands occupy 51% of the terrestrial land surface, 23% total land of Nepal. It contains about 36% of the world＇s total carbon in above and belowground biomass. Rangelands can aid in the mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations via carbon storage in biomass and soil organic matter. A study on carbon stock on soil and vegetation at various altitudinal gradients in Milke-Jaljale rangeland area of Eastern Nepal was made. The study was carried out at three altitudinal gradients （above sea levels） Milke （3,000 m）, Gorujure （3,500 m） and Jaljale （4,000 m）. This method required establishing a transect line. Sample points were located by pacing the appropriate distances from the point of origin at a transect line. To determine distribution and quantity of plant carbon and soil organic carbon （SOC）, 45 sample points were established and 15 points were sampled from each study site. Total soil carbon was estimated as follows： 17.65 t/ha at Milke, 17.27 t/ha at Gorujure and 28.33 t/ha at Jaljale. Similarly, total vegetation carbon was estimated 22.68 t/ha at Milke, 29.79 t/ha at Gorujure and 42.54 t/ha at Jaljale. Highest elevation study site with least external disturbance （Jaljale area） had high storage of carbon in both cases vegetation and soil.     

长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应

【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响,揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验,选取4个处理：单施化肥(NP)、秸秆配施化肥(S+NP)、秸秆配施1/2化肥(S+1/2NP)、秸秆配施1/4化肥(S+1/4NP),其中秸秆为麦秸隔年还田,用量为3 000 kg·hm^-2,氮磷化肥用量为150 kg N·hm^-2、150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2。采集0—20 cm土层土样,利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的水稳性团聚体,测定团聚体中有机碳(SOC)、氮含量及土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)含量。【结果】(1)长期秸秆配施化肥显著降低土壤容重并提高了团聚体稳定性,和NP相比,S+NP处理土壤容重降低4.7%,>2 mm团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何重量直径(GWD)分别提升254.4%、76.5%和91.3%。(2)S+NP、S+1/2NP处理>2...     

Spatiotemporal Changes in Soil Nutrients:A Case Study in Taihu Region of China

The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium content （AK） from the first soil survey （in the 1980s） to the second soil survey （in the 2000s） in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s （except for AK in the yellow brown soil）. The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased （except for TN in the paddy soil）. Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% （except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s）, indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.     

农艺措施对干旱区棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量的影响

【目的】探讨干旱区绿洲棉田农艺措施对土壤有机碳（SOC）及微生物量碳含量（MBC）的影响,揭示农艺措施对农田生态系统土壤碳稳定性的影响机制,为干旱区农业资源高效利用及可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用裂裂区设计,以膜下滴灌和常规漫灌2种灌溉方式为主区,秸秆还田与秸秆不还田2种处理为裂区,4种施肥处理：单施有机肥（为腐熟鸡粪,OM）、单施氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施（NPK+OM）和不施肥（CK）为裂裂区。于棉花出苗后开始测定土壤异氧呼吸强度,并于每年棉花收获期采集土壤样品,测定和分析不同农艺措施下绿洲棉田土壤有机碳及微生物量碳含量。【结果】干旱区绿洲棉田不同农艺措施两两交互及3种措施交互作用下土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。土壤有机碳、微生物量碳含量表层0-20 cm含量均最高,其下层随着土壤深度的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,至40-60 cm土层降至最低。不同农艺措施下,土壤有机碳含量变化表现为,与常规漫灌方式相比,膜下滴灌方式增加了2.5%-3.0%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了2.3%-6.3%,与CK处理相比,（NPK+OM）处理土壤有机碳含量增加了14.3%-16.8%,且（NPK+OM）/OM处理土壤有机碳含量显著大于CK/NPK处理（P＜0.05）。土壤微生物量碳含量为膜下滴灌方式比常规漫灌方式增加了21.9%-34.3%,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田增加了12.1%-29.4%,与CK处理相比,（NPK+OM）处理土壤微生物量碳含量增加了83.9%-151.0%。棉田土壤微生物熵（qMB）的大小变化在灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌>常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田>秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间土壤微生物熵在0-40 cm土层显著大于40-60 cm土层,且不同土层间（NPK+OM）处理土壤微生物熵为最大,其次分别为OM、NPK、CK处理。棉田土壤微生物代谢熵（qCO₂）大小变化在不同灌溉处理间表现为膜下滴灌低于常规漫灌方式,秸秆处理间为秸秆还田低于秸秆不还田处理,施肥处理间为（NPK+OM）P＜0.05）。不同农艺措施间互作,膜下滴灌方式及秸秆还田措施下,（NPK+OM）处理棉田土壤微生物代谢熵最低。【结论】干旱区棉花生产中,采用膜下滴灌节水技术,氮磷钾化肥和有机肥配施,并实施秸秆还田等农田管理措施,可使土壤质量得到进一步改善,有利于农田土壤的可持续利用。     

Technological Properties of Yeast Produced Surface Active Compounds in Connection with Their Application in Clean-Up Technologies

Biologically produced surfactants （SACs） can mobilize and solubilize non-aqueous phase liquids （NAPL） adsorbed onto soil constituents. The interest in microbial surfactants has increased during recent years due to their lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, selectivity and specific activity under extreme conditions than synthetic SACs. Main output of the project represents preparation of this yeast biosurfactant intended for washing of matrices contaminated by NAPL. The influence of cultivation media composition on biosurfactant production was studied and basic properties （critical micelle concentration （CMC）, minimum surface tension） of isolated biosurfactants were compared with properties of synthetic surfactant with surface tension measurement. The interracial tension of the systems containing aqueous solutions of different concentrations and non-polar substances was measured with petroleum compounds （kerosene Jet A-l）, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons （represented by toluene and hexane）. The solution of biosurfactant Yarrowia lipolytica （YAR） in the concentration range of 0-500 mg/L reduced interracial tension by 80% in all representative systems with model contaminants; biosurfactant Candida bombicola （CAN） was less efficient. Solubilization properties were proved with toluene and hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） isomers alpha and gamma, and effective concentration of biosurfactants was determined as 100 mg/L for toluene and HCH. SACs produced by lipophilic yeast with non-toxic and non-pathogenic status （Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida sp., etc.） seem to be very promising. The results obtained will be used for the application of biosurfactants in the clean-up technologies as agents for the mobilization of non-polar contaminants as well as for stimulation of bioremediation processes.     

Effects of different fertilization on microbial biomass carbon from the red soil in tea garden

The present study examined the influence of the different fertilization on the dynamic of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) of red soil in tea gardens. The results showed that straw mulching, intercropping, chemical fertilizer could all improve the amount of the soil microbial biomass C. The annual variation of microbial biomass C showed the tendency of “low-high-low-high”, and the influences were variable with the time. For the annual average of soil microbial biomass C, Treatment 1(T₁) (straw mulching + 100% organic manure), Treatment 2 (T₂) (straw mulching + 75% organic manure + 25% fertilizer), Treatment 3 (T₃) (straw mulching + 50% organic manure + 50% fertilizer), Treatment 4 (T₄) (straw mulching + 25% organic manure + 75% fertilizer), Treatment 5 (T₅) (100% fertilizer),Treatment 6 (T₆) (intercropping white clover) were 17.05%, 32.38%, 32.05%, 24.30%, 26.23%, 24.63% higher, respectively, than CK, and the differences among all the treatments were significant (P < 0.05). The correlation of the SMBC with the active organic matter, the total nitrogen, the microbial biomass N, the microbial biomass P were remarkable, but no significant correlation was found with available nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and moisture. Compared with other treatments, those mixed with organic matter and chemical fertilizer were more advantageous to enhance the soil fertility. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 26(7): 1009–1013 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

生物质炭施入对白浆土碳氮变化的影响

通过大田试验方法,研究分析生物质炭不同施入量(0、10、20、30 t·hm^-2)对旱作农田白浆土土壤碳、氮变化的影响。结果表明,生物质炭施入土壤可有效提高土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、微生物生物量碳(MB-C)、微生物生物量氮(MB-N)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)含量,且这些指标均随施入量的增加而提高。与对照(CK)处理相比,土壤SOM与TN含量分别提高了6.88%~43.77%、1.68%~15.91%,土壤MB-C与MB-N分别提高了9.76%~60.88%、6.72%~68.91%,且均在30 t·hm^-2的施用量下达到最大值。添加生物质炭可以显著提高各深度土层NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量,总体表现为0—10 cm>10—20 cm>20—30 cm。建议以30 t·hm^-2生物质炭为白浆土旱作农田土壤的最佳施用量。     

长期施肥对稻田土壤活性有机碳和氮的影响

土壤活性有机碳、氮是土壤有机碳、氮中最活跃的组分,在土壤碳、氮循环过程中具有重要作用。以湖南3个长期定位试验点(桃源、宁乡、桃江)为研究对象,分析测定表层土壤MBC、MBN、DOC、DON,研究长期施肥对土壤活性有机碳、氮(MBC+DOC,MBN+DON)的影响。结果表明,长期施用化肥及配施有机肥均能提高土壤活性有机碳、氮的含量。与对应的无肥处理(CK)相比,长期单施化肥(NPK)使土壤活性有机碳、氮的提高幅度分别为3.3%~21.0%和3.3%~27.1%,长期有机肥施用提高幅度分别为48.7%~84.8%和17.9%~105.8%,且土壤活性有机碳、氮含量随有机肥施用量的提高而增加,3个试验点活性有机碳大小顺序为桃源>宁乡>桃江。土壤活性有机碳与土壤有机碳(SOC)的累积速率呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),而与SOC的含量关系不大。桃源土壤粘粒含量较高可能是土壤SOC累积速率快的主要原因;宁乡和桃江的粘粒含量和有机碳投入量相差不大,桃江较高的初始SOC水平影响了SOC积累速率;桃源和宁乡试验点的土壤活性氮含量相差不大,约是桃江的1.8倍。与土壤全氮(TN)相比,全氮的积累速率与土壤活性氮的关系更为密切,两者间有极显著的相关关系(P<0.01)。     

不同施肥管理措施下土壤生物环境的灰色关联度分析

为了研究长期不同施肥对土壤生物环境的影响,1993年在中国农业大学曲周试验站进行了施用15.0 t/hm~2和7.5 t/hm~2有机肥(包括EM堆肥和传统堆肥)、施用化肥和不施肥对照处理的田间试验。2004年6月取样分析,结果表明,随着有机肥用量的增加,土壤的基础呼吸、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性及微生物生物量碳和线虫数量也随着增加;施用化肥可以提高土壤的基础呼吸、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性及微生物生物量碳数量,减少线虫总数和食细菌线虫的数量。不同的施肥处理对土壤基础呼吸和微生物生物量碳含量的影响趋势由大到小为EM堆肥、传统堆肥、化肥、对照。应用灰色关联理论对土壤生物环境效应进行多目标综合评价得出,EM堆肥处理(15.0 t/hm~2)对土壤生物环境因素的影响最为有利。     

玉米高产田土壤微生物量碳的肥力特性分析

以松辽平原玉米带高产土壤和平产土壤为研究对象,研究了不同玉米产量土壤微生物量碳的变化特征及其与土壤理化性质、玉米产量的相关性.结果表明:高产培育模式下,土壤微生物量碳、微生物商显著增加;土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳、全氮显著正相关(P<0.05),与有效磷、>0.25 mm团聚体数量及平均重量直径极显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤容重显著负相关(P<0.05),与pH、结构破坏率极显著负相关(P<0.01),与玉米产量极显著正相关(P<0.01).由此可见,土壤微生物量碳是反映玉米高产培育模式下土壤肥力变化的重要指标.     

海岸退化沙地不同植被恢复模式的土壤微生物量及其与土壤养分的关系

以裸沙地为对照,研究了海岸退化沙地不同植被恢复模式(天然次生林、木麻黄+潺槁木姜子混交林、木麻黄人工纯林)的土壤微生物量及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:裸沙地植被恢复后,不同植被恢复模式的土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量均明显提高(P<0.05),增幅分别为103.966%-491.166%、89.352%-335.087%、65.536%-85.896%,土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷占土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷的比例分别为1.543%-3.113%、1.733%-2.870%、0.964%-1.447%,自然恢复的天然次生林高于人工恢复的木麻黄纯林和混交林;土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),土壤微生物量碳、氮均与有机质、全氮具有较强的线性关系。     

不同利用方式对紫色水稻土微生物量碳的影响

通过研究西南大学试验农场包括不同的耕作、轮作和施肥的综合利用方式对经14年28茬的中性紫色水稻土壤微生物量碳的差异,探究利用方式对紫色水稻土生物活性的影响。结果表明:耕层土壤微生物量碳主要介于200～600mg/kg,除垄作耕翻(稻油)处理外,基本随深度增加而降低。长期垄作免耕并实行稻油轮作的利用方式使其土壤微生物量碳在0～10cm土层与其他利用方式相比明显增加,并且差异显著;而水旱轮作(稻油)的利用方式不利于增加微生物量碳,说明微生物量碳可用作利用方式影响紫色水稻土土壤质量变化的生物学评价指标。从提高土壤生物活性与有机碳含量的角度来看,垄作免耕(稻油)的利用方式最适合于紫色水稻土。