亚硒酸钠在雏鸡体内的组织动力学研究

采用荧光法对亚硒酸钠在正常硒水平蛋用维鸡组织内的动力学过程进行了研究,结果表明,给雏鸡以０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重口服,１．０ｇ／Ｌ亚硒酸钠后,肝,肾,胰均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,肌肉符合滞后一级吸收一室开放模型。整个试验过程中,肝,肾中硒的含量明显高于胰和肌肉,给药后２４ｈ每１ｇ器官和组织中含硒量依次为肝０．８４７６μｇ,肾０．７７２６μｇ,胰０．５９７８μｇ,肌肉０．１０５０μｇ,给药后１９２ｈ由     

低硒雏鸡口服亚硒酸钠后机体硒浓度及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性动态变化规律

低硒雏鸡口服亚硒酸钠后，对不同时间血液（清）、肝、肾、胰、心、脾硒浓度及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的动态变化规律测定。结果发现随着硒浓度的变化，酶活性也发生相应变化，但１９２ｈ后肾、脾酶活性出现第２次升高而其硒浓度仍降低。值得注意的是酶活性的变化总滞后于硒浓度的变化     

亚硒酸钠一次内服在犊牛体内药动学研究

给犊牛一次内服（０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重）亚硒酸钠溶液后不同时时间采集血样，用荧光分光光度计测定血硒浓度，在ＩＢＭ微机上用ＭＣＰＫＰ－微机用药动学程序软件处理血硒浓度实测值，微机输出血硒浓度理论值及药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合二室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．３６０２ｅ＾－４．６７５３ｔ＋０．４６２２ｅ＾－０．０００７ｔ－（０．３６０２＋０．４６２２）ｅ＾－０．１１７２ｔ．主要动力学参数：     

硒在奶山羊体内药代动力学研究

本文研究了硒在6只成年健康奶山羊体内的药动学。按0.3mg/kg体重肌肉注射,在给药后40天内不同时间采血。结果表明,血药浓度一时间曲线符合二室开放模型。     

内服亚硒酸钠在雏鸡体内药动学研究

给雏鸡一次投服亚硒酸钠０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＢＷ后，不同时间采集血样，用荧光分光光度计测定血硒含量，在ＩＢＭ微机经动学程序软件（ＭＣＰＫＰ）处理血硒含实测值，获得血硒浓度理论值及药动学参数，血清经时过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型，理论方程为：“Ｃｉ＝０．１１６０－０．１４７６ｔ＋０．０１１９ｅ＝－０．０２００ｔ－０．１２７９－８６２８ｔ。主要动力学参数（均值）；吸收相半衷期ｔｌ／２ｋα＝０．８０（ｊｈ）     

亚硒酸钠在低硒雏鸡体内药代动力学的研究

采用低硒日粮（０．０２１μｇ／ｇ）饲喂１日龄蛋用雏鸡至１２～１４日龄（血硒降至０．０２３２±０．０１１０μｇ／ｍｌ），按单剂量０．５２６ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ口服亚硒酸钠后不同时间点采集血样，用荧光分光光度法测定血硒浓度。应用ＭＣＰＫＰ药动学程序自动拟合处理血硒浓度——时间数据并求出药动学参数。血硒浓度－时间曲线符合一室开放模型，最佳药时方程为：Ｃｉ＝０．０９５９０（ｅ－０．００６１９ｔ－ｅ－０．０９４１０ｔ）。主要药动学参数：ｔ１２Ｋａ为２．０３ｈ，ｔ１２Ｋ为１１２．０２ｈ，ｔｐ为１１．９８ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ为０．０８７３８μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ为１５．２１１ｍｇ／ｌ·ｈ。根据单剂量药动学参数，计算出多剂量给药参数：τ为１２０ｈ，Ｃ为０．１２６７６μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｄ＊为０．７０８１ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｄ０为０．３７１２ｍｇ／ｋｇＢＷ，Ｒ为１．９０７６。     

亚硒酸钠在肉鸡体内药代动力学的研究

实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单次肌注(0.6mg/Kg)亚硒酸钠注射液后不同时间采血,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定血硒浓度,经微机处理得出血硒浓度及药动学参数,血硒浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=100.2001(e-0.0197t-e-1.6428t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为0.421 9h,t1/2Ke为35.121 5h,tp为3.312 4h,Cmax为93.986 5μg/L,AUC为5 025.314 9(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。     

口服亚硒酸钠在肉鸡体内药代动力学的研究

实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单次口服（0．6mg／kg）亚硒酸钠注射液后不同时间采血,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定血硒浓度,经微机处理得出血硒浓度及药动学参数,血硒浓度一时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程：C-100．2001（e-9·0197t—e-6428‘）。主要药动学参数：（1／2Ka为0．4219h,t1／2Ke为35．1215h,t。为3．3124h,Cmax为93．9865tLg／L,AUC为5025．3149％g／L）·h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。     

低硒雏鸡口服亚硒酸钠后机体硒浓度及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性动态 …

低硒雏鸡口服亚硒酸钠后，对不同时间血液（清），肝，肾，胰，心，脾硒浓度及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的动态变化规律测定，结果发现随着硒浓度的变化，酶活性一相应变化，但１９２ｈ后肾，脾酶活性出现第２次升高而其硒浓度仍降低，值得注意的是酶活性的变化总滞后于硒浓度的变化。     

藏羊AMPK、ACC和GS酶活分布及饥饿应激对其酶活的影响

为分析AMPK等酶对机体代谢的影响,采用酶联免疫分析法（ELISA）,分别测定正常饲养和饥饿48 h后藏羊各组织的AMPK、ACC和GS的活性.结果表明：AMPK、ACC和GS分布于藏系绵羊各组织中,且各组织器官中3种酶活性差异显著（P＜0.05）;饥饿应激导致骨骼肌、肝脏、肾脏和小肠组织中AMPK活性升高,骨骼肌、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和小肠组织中ACC活性下降,骨骼肌、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏和小肠组织中GS活性下降.因此,AMPK、ACC和GS在藏系绵羊的各组织器官中分布广泛;饥饿应激可能通过激活AMPK表达,下调ACC和GS表达而调节藏羊的应激代谢.     

MYNN基因在猪不同组织及肌肉中的表达规律

试验旨在研究myoneurin（MYNN）基因在猪不同组织中的表达特征及其在肌肉（背最长肌、股二头肌和腰大肌）、小脑、肝脏、胰脏、肾脏、胃、脾脏、肺脏组织中的发育性表达规律。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究猪MYNN mRNA在90日龄大白猪和马身猪的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、小脑、小肠、胰脏、胃、股二头肌及脂肪共11个组织中的表达谱,以及在大白猪和马身猪1、90、180日龄3个发育阶段的肌肉、小脑、肝脏、胰脏、肾脏、胃、脾脏、肺脏组织中的发育性表达规律。结果表明,MYNN在猪的各种组织中广泛表达,且各组织间表达差异显著或极显著（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）;MYNN在大白猪和马身猪的肌肉、小脑、肝脏、胰脏、肾脏、胃、脾脏、肺脏组织中的不同发育阶段表达差异显著或极显著（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）,并具有特定规律,由此推测其可能在猪的这几种组织中发挥重要作用。MYNN基因的表达与组织、日龄及品种的遗传背景有关。本试验为研究猪MYNN基因的生物学功能提供了依据,但还需要深入的研究来探索其作用的具体机制,尤其是在骨骼肌发育中的调节机制。     

The Expression Characteristics of MYNN Gene in Different Tissues and Muscles of Pig

This study was aimed to investigate the expression characteristics of myoneurin (MYNN) gene in different tissues and its developmental expression in muscles (longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and psoas major), cerebellum, liver, pancreas, kidney, stomach, spleen and lung tissues of pigs. The expression characteristics of MYNN mRNA in 11 different tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, cerebellum, small intestine, pancreas, stomach, biceps femoris and fat of Large White pigs and Mashen pigs at the age of 90 days and the developmental expression patterns in muscle, cerebellum, liver, pancreas, kidney, stomach, spleen at three strages (1, 90, 180 days) of Large White pigs and Mashen pigs were studied by Real-time PCR. The results showed that MYNN was widely expressed in various tissues of pigs, and there was significant difference among the tissues(P < 0.05; P < 0.01); The expression of MYNN in muscle, liver, pancreas, cerebellum, kidney, stomach, spleen, lung tissues were significant difference at three development stages of Large White pigs and Mashen pigs(P < 0.05; P < 0.01), and also had a specific rule, which indicated that it may play an important role in these pig tissues. The expression of MYNN gene could related to the tissue, age and the genetic background of breeds. The results of this study provided a better understanding of the biological functions of pig MYNN. Further studies are required to determine its molecular mechanisms, especially in the regulation of skeletal muscle development.     

Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma gene in various chicken tissues

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the members of superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. A great number of studies in rodent and human have shown that PPARs were involved in the lipids metabolism. The goal of the current study was to investigate the expression pattern of PPAR genes in various tissues of chicken. The tissue samples (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, breast muscle and adipose) were collected from six Arber Acres broilers (8 weeks old, male and female birds are half and half). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blot were used to characterize the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma genes in the above tissues. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the results showed the expression level of PPAR-alpha gene was higher in brain, lung, kidney, heart and intestine, medium in stomach, liver and adipose than in spleen, and it did not express in breast muscle. The expression level of PPAR-gamma gene was higher in adipose, medium in brain and kidney than in spleen, heart, lung, stomach and intestine, but it did not express in liver and breast muscle. Northern blot results showed that PPAR-alpha gene expressed in heart, liver, kidney and stomach, and the intensity of hybridization signal was the stronger in liver and kidney than in other tissues, however, PPAR-gamma gene only expressed in adipose and kidney tissues. The results of this study showed the profile of PPAR gene expression in the chicken was similar to that in rodent, human and pig. However the expression profile of chicken also have its own specific trait, i.e. compared with mammals, PPAR-alpha gene can not be detected in skeletal muscle and PPAR-gamma gene can be stronger expressed in kidney tissues. This work will provide some basic data for the PPAR genes expression and lipids metabolism of birds.     

Quantitative studies of the distribution pattern for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> Enteritidis in the internal organs of chicken after oral challenge by a real-time PCR

This research was undertaken to identify and understand the regular distribution pattern for Salmonella Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) in the internal organs of chicken after oral challenge over a 3 wk period. We used a real-time, fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) to detect genomic DNA of S. enteritidis in the blood and the internal organs, including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder, from chicken after oral challenge at different time points. The results showed that the spleen was positive at 12 h post inoculation (PI), and the blood was at 14 h PI. The organism was detected in the liver and heart at 16 h PI, pancrea was positive at 20 h PI, and the final organ to show a positive results were the kidney and gallbladder at 22 h PI. The copy number of S. enteritidis DNA in each tissue reached a peak at 24 h–36 h PI, with the liver and spleen containing high concentrations of S. enteritidis, whereas the blood, heart, kidney, pancreas, and gallbladder had low concentrations. S. enteritidis populations began to decrease and were not detectable at 3 d PI, but were still present up to 12 d PI in the gallbladder, 2 wk for the liver, and 3 wk for the spleen without causing apparent symptoms. The results showed that the liver and spleen may be the primary sites for S. enteritidis setting itself up as a commensa over a long time after oral challenge. Interestingly, it may be the first time reported that the gallbladder is a site of carriage for S. enteritidis over a 12 d period. This study will help to understand the mechanisms of action of S. enteritidis infection in vivo.     

蛋鸡中发现J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症自然混合感染

发病蛋鸡经组织学、免疫组化检测确诊为J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症混合感染。与人工接种病例不同的是，在肿瘤组织内还发现一种特殊的细胞——淋巴-巨噬细胞；在骨髓和肿瘤组织中检测到部分髓细胞胞浆内有ALV—J抗原表达。从发病情况、各器官病变程度及免疫组化结果来看，2种病原存在明显的相互协同作用，脾可能是网状内皮增生症的原发器官。但其发病的时间可能不如J亚群白血病早。此次在蛋种鸡发现此混合感染提示，病毒在环境选择压及免疫选择压的作用下，其生物特性、致病作用以及宿主范围均可发生改变。应警惕J亚群白血病和网状内皮增生症混合感染在蛋鸡中的大面积暴发。     

鸭瘟病毒强毒株在急性人工感染成年鸭病例体内分布规律

5 6只 3月龄四川麻鸭经皮下接种鸭瘟病毒 (DPV)强毒 SC1株 ,成功建立了 DPV感染的急性病理模型 ,并应用PCR方法检测了不同时间 DPV在感染鸭体各组织器官的分布情况。结果表明 ,接种 2 h后 ,即能够从脑、肝、脾、法氏囊、胸腺中检出 DPV DNA;12 h,可从心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、十二指肠、直肠、法氏囊、胸腺、胰腺、脑、胸肌、食管、腺胃、血液、舌、口腔分泌物、皮肤、骨髓和粪便等检测到 DPV的 DNA。检出时间最早和检出率最高的组织器官为肝脏和脑组织。本试验为阐明 DPV的致病机理和应用 PCR方法检测感染鸭体组织中的 DPV提供了重要的实验数据。     

鸭β-防御素-2基因的克隆测序与组织表达分析

利用RT-PCR技术,从肝脏组织中扩增到鸭AvBD2基因.经测序表明,扩增到的鸭AvBD2大小为350 bp,含有1个大小为195 bp的开放阅读框,编码64个氨基酸残基.组织表达分析表明,鸭AvBD2基因在鸭脾脏和肾脏中大量表达;心脏和肝脏中有少量表达;肺脏和骨髓有中等水平表达;在胸腺、腔上囊、小肠、胰腺、腺胃、食管、气管、舌头、胸肌、卵巢、皮肤中未见表达.