三种霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

试验采用单因子设计比较了酯化葡配甘露聚糖(EGM)、水合铝硅酸盐(HSCAS)和复合霉菌毒素吸附剂三种霉菌毒素吸附剂对饲喂霉变饲料肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响.试验表明,霉变饲料显著降低了肉鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG),提高了料重比(F/G)(P＜0.05);霉变饲料中添加0.1%复合霉菌毒素吸附剂阻止了霉变饲料对生长性能的影响(P＜0.05);0.05%EGM和0.2%水合铝硅酸盐均可提高ADFI和ADG,降低F/G.0.2%水合铝硅酸盐可显著降低白细胞数目且显著提高胸腺质量(P＜0.05),其他两种吸附剂对免疫功能均无显著影响.     

霉变饲料中添加酯化葡甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡生产性能和抗氧化指标的影响

选取108只1日龄的AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复6只鸡。第1组饲喂常规饲料,第2组饲喂霉变饲料,第3～5组,在霉变饲料中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%的酯化葡甘露聚糖(EGM),第6组在霉变饲料中添加0.10%霉可吸,研究霉变饲料中添加EGM对肉仔鸡生产性能和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明:添加吸附剂的试验组肉鸡日增重大于饲喂霉变饲料组的,添加0.20%EGM组的日增重效果与正常组最为接近;添加0.20%EGM组和霉可吸组肉鸡的料重比与正常组最为接近;霉变饲料中添加0.10%EGM、0.20%EGM和饲喂常规饲料时,肉鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)含量差异不显著(P0.05),并且显著低于其余各组(P0.05);霉变饲料中添加0.20%EGM和饲喂常规饲料时,能显著降低肉鸡血清羟自由基(·OH)含量(P0.05);霉变饲料中添加0.20%EGM组与其余组相比,显著提高了肉鸡血清中的总抗氧化能力(P0.05)。由此表明,EGM能有效地吸附霉变饲料中的霉菌毒素,提高肉鸡生产性能,降低霉菌毒素对肉鸡的过氧化损伤;在霉变饲料中添加0.2%EGM是适宜的。     

霉变饲料中添加复合霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫功能的影响

试验探讨在霉变饲料中添加复合霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫功能的影响。选取60羽1日龄AA肉公雏鸡随机分为3组,第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为霉变饲料组,饲喂霉变饲料;第3组为霉变饲料+复合霉菌毒素吸附剂组,在霉变饲料中添加0.2%的复合霉菌毒素吸附剂。试验至42 d,检测血浆抗氧化指标以及免疫指标的变化情况。试验结果表明:霉变饲料中添加复合霉菌毒素吸附剂能显著降低肉鸡血浆中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性以及丙二醛含量(P0.05),显著升高血浆干扰素-γ、白介素-2、传染性法氏囊以及鸡新城疫抗体含量(P0.05)。霉变饲料中添加复合霉菌毒素吸附剂可显著扭转霉变饲料对肉鸡的氧化损伤和免疫毒性。     

霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡生长及脱毒性能的影响

主要研究霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡脱毒效果及生长性能的影响。试验选用200羽1日龄科宝肉仔鸡,随机分成5个处理组,每组4个重复,每重复10羽鸡。试验结果表明:肉鸡饲养全期,在日增质量方面,添加可立吸的正常饲料组相对于正常饲料组提高14.24%;添加可立吸的霉变饲料组相对于霉变饲料组提高5.05%。可立吸在提高饲料转化率方面效果明显好于奥地利吸附剂组;料肉比,添加可立吸的正常饲料组相对于正常饲料组降低6.08%;添加可立吸的霉变饲料组相对于霉变饲料组降低4.81%。肉鸡死淘,各组间无明显差异。     

霉变饲料中添加酯化葡甘露聚糖对肉鸡肝脏霉菌毒素含量和免疫功能的影响

本试验选取108羽1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为6组,每组设3个重复。第1组饲喂常规饲料;第2组饲喂霉变饲料;第3~5组分别饲喂添加0.05%、0.1%和0.2%酯化葡甘露聚糖(EGM)的霉变饲料;第6组饲喂添加0.1%霉可吸的霉变饲料,研究霉变饲料中添加EGM对肉鸡肝脏霉菌毒素含量和免疫功能的影响。结果表明:与饲喂霉变饲料组相比,霉变饲料中添加0.1%、0.2%EGM和0.1%霉可吸,肉鸡肝脏中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)含量分别降低了62.02%、79.44%和57.27%,玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)含量分别降低了66.33%、70.72%和52.01%,呕吐毒素(DON)含量分别降低了55.72%、81.33%和81.05%(P0.05);肉鸡血液新城疫(NDV)抗体水平分别提高了36.86%、66.27%和52.94%,传染性法氏囊病(IBDV)抗体水平分别提高了26.81%、46.81%和32.72%,淋巴细胞转化率分别提高了13.22%、14.83%和13.31%(P0.05)。霉变饲料中添加0.2%EGM时,肉鸡肝脏AFB1、ZEN含量及血液NDV、IBDV抗体水平与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。综上,EGM可以有效吸附AFB1、ZEN和DON,霉变饲料中适宜添加剂量为0.2%。     

霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉仔鸡脱毒及性能的影响

1 材料与方法 1.1 试验A动物及日粮处理 选用200羽1日龄科宝肉鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每重复10羽鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组饲喂霉变饲料(加入发霉玉米),试验2组在基础日粮中添加2 kg/t吸附剂A,试验3组在霉变饲料中添加2 kg/t吸附剂B,试验4组在霉变饲料中添加2 kg/t吸附剂A.日粮为试验场自配,并测定霉变玉米黄曲霉毒素B.的含量.试验于2008年2月在福邦酵母试验基地进行,预饲期3 d,正试期18 d.其中吸附剂A是复合霉菌毒素吸附剂(安琪酵母股份有限公司研发),吸附剂B是市场购买某奥地利进口产品.     

霉菌毒素生物脱毒剂对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫功能及肝脏中毒素残留的影响

试验旨在研究霉菌毒素降解菌复配水合钠钙铝酸盐使用对饲喂霉变饲料肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能、血清生化指标及肝脏中毒素残留的影响。选取体重均匀、健康状况基本相近的300只白羽肉鸡随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂正常玉米日粮;发霉饲料组(Ⅱ组)用50%霉变玉米替代正常玉米;霉菌毒素脱毒剂组(Ⅲ组)用50%霉变玉米替代正常玉米+2.0‰霉菌毒素脱毒剂。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,发霉饲料组各生长阶段的平均日增重均显著降低(P0.05),料重比显著升高(P0.05);与发霉饲料组相比,霉菌毒素脱毒剂组显著提高了各生长阶段肉鸡的平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低了各生长阶段肉鸡的料重比(P0.05)。(2)24 d和38 d时均以试验Ⅲ组脾脏指数最高,分别高出发霉饲料组28.93%和11.36%,差异均显著(P0.05);与发霉饲料组相比,霉菌毒素脱毒剂组显著提高了24 d和38 d肉鸡法氏囊指数。(3)38 d时试验Ⅱ组肉鸡血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶均最高,显著高于试验Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05);饲喂毒素饲料的试验Ⅱ组总蛋白和白蛋白含量均最低,均显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P0.05)。(4)与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组黄曲霉菌毒素B1和玉米赤霉稀酮含量分别降低53.53%和58.09%,差异均显著(P0.05)。     

复合型霉菌毒素脱毒剂对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究添加复合型霉菌毒素脱毒剂对饲喂霉变饲料的蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响。将420日龄的600只海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只。空白对照组(Ⅰ组):饲喂正常玉米日粮;阴性对照组(Ⅱ组):饲喂用50%霉变玉米替代正常玉米的日粮;试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组,饲喂在阴性对照日粮的基础上添加复合型霉菌毒素脱毒剂,添加量分别为1.0‰、2.0‰和4.0‰。结果表明:(1)与空白对照组相比,霉菌毒素显著降低蛋鸡产蛋率、显著提高日耗料量、料蛋比和破软壳率;与阴性对照霉菌毒素组相比,2.0‰和4.0‰复合型霉菌毒素吸附剂组可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率、显著降低日耗料量、破软壳率和料蛋比,其中以4.0‰添加量组效果最优。(2)与空白对照组相比,阴性对照饲喂霉菌毒素日粮蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和蛋黄色泽分别降低19.44%、16.29%和20.50%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。与阴性对照组相比,2.0‰和4.0‰复合霉菌毒素吸附剂添加量组蛋壳厚度分别提高20.69%和27.59%、蛋壳强度分别提高17.79%和15.77%、4.0‰添加量组蛋黄色泽提高19.00%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。(3)与空白对照组相比,霉菌毒素显著提高了血清中ALT、AST和ALP含量。4.0‰复合型霉菌毒素脱毒剂组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)分别降低25.04%、16.19%和17.46%,差异均显著(P<0.05)。由此可知,霉变饲料中添加该复合型霉菌毒素脱毒剂能够提高蛋鸡生产性能、改善蛋品质及减轻毒素对肝脏的损伤,综合比较以试验Ⅴ组4.0‰添加量时效果最优。     

不同霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉仔鸡脱毒及生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉仔鸡脱毒及生长性能的影响。试验选用3日龄艾维因肉仔鸡200羽,随机分成5个处理组,4个重复,每重复10羽,试验结束后对各重复组进行称重,结料。试验结果表明：霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡的生长增重、降低料肉比均有较好效果,从侧面说明,霉变毒素吸附对动物脱毒有一定的效果。不同霉毒素吸附荆产品间存在一定差异,且通过配比变化霉菌毒素吸附剂本身就可能对生产性能存在有益影响。     

霉菌毒素吸附剂可处理霉变饲料

我国饲料工业受到霉菌污染的比例比较大，将近有20％的饲料被霉菌污染而导致浪费。霉菌的主要危害是其产生的外毒素和内毒素会导致动物机体产生不良反应。因此，避免霉菌毒素的污染和危害是饲料工业生产中一个比较重要的问题。为了减少损失，很多学者采用一些物质作为霉菌毒素的吸附剂来处理霉变饲料，试验效果良好。饲料中常见的霉菌毒素和吸附剂种类：常见的霉菌毒素从目前大量霉变饲料的检测来看，饲料中主要的霉菌毒素是黄曲霉毒素、F-2毒素、T-2毒素等。这些毒素在饲料当中比较常见，并且对于动物体影响比较大。特别是有些毒素对于一些动物来讲比较敏感，很容易造成动物体的死亡。     

金银花在肉鸡饲料中的应用效果研究

采用对比试验,将60只7日龄哈巴特肉鸡随机分为2组（对照组和试验组）,每组10个重复,每个重复3只,饲养在不锈铜笼中。对照组和试验组分别饲基础喂日粮、添加0．3％金银花基础日粮,结果表明,试验期间试验组与对照组鸡的日采食量、日增重、饲料转化率、周末体重差异不显著（P〉0．05）。添加0．3％金银花在7—21日龄与21-42日龄时,肉鸡的日增重分别比对照组提高3．98％和1．33％;胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏脏器指数分别比对照组提高6．94％、4．93％、2．86％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）.     

丝兰花在哈巴特肉鸡日粮中应用效果的研究

采用对比试验,将60只7日龄哈巴特肉鸡,随机分为2个处理组 （对照组和试验组）,每组10个重复,每个重复3只,饲养在不锈钢笼中。对照组和试验组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮添加0.24%丝兰花。结果表明,试验期间,鸡的日采食量、饲料转化率、周末体重差异不显著（P>0.05）;日增重除14~21日龄和35~42日龄试验组显著高于对照组外（P<0.05),其余各阶段差异均不显著（P>0.05）;胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏指数差异不显著（P>0.05）。     

中药添加剂对海南文昌鸡免疫功能的影响

将180只雌性文昌鸡随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复12只。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为抗生素对照组,在基础日粮中按600 mg/kg添加金霉素;第3、4、5组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的中药添加剂。试验共进行6 w,每周称重,计量采食量。分别于28、35d时接种禽流感疫苗。第49 d、56 d时每组随机取8只鸡,翅静脉采血制备血清,血凝抑制试验检测禽流感疫苗抗体滴度。56 d时将各组已采血8只鸡屠宰后打开腹腔,取胸腺、法氏囊称重并计算免疫器官指数。结果表明,0.2%中药添加剂能显著提高文昌鸡日增重(P<0.05),提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05);0.2%和0.3%中药添加剂均能提高禽流感疫苗抗体滴度(P<0.05)。结果提示,本中药添加剂能够提高海南文昌鸡生产性能和免疫功能。     

日粮铬水平对肉鸡生长性能、免疫机能及胴体脂肪含量的影响

选用３００只１日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,研究了日粮中添加不同水平的吡啶羧酸铬对肉鸡的生长性能、免疫机能及胴体品质的影响。日粮添加的吡啶羧酸铬水平分别为０、２００、４００和６００μｇ／ｋｇ。试验期为８周。试验结果表明,０～８周日粮添加６００μｇ／ｋｇ的吡啶羧酸铬时肉鸡生长速度最快,显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。添加吡啶羧酸铬２００～６００μｇ／ｋｇ,对３周龄肉鸡的脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊的发育没有显著影响,对肉鸡血清抗体滴度没有显著影响。吡啶羧酸铬可以降低肉鸡腹脂和肝脂率,对改善胴体品质有益。     

Bilateral effects of vaccination against infectious bursal disease and Newcastle disease in specific-pathogen-free layers and commercial broiler chickens

Different infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) live vaccines (intermediate, intermediate plus) were compared for their immunosuppressive abilities in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) layer-type chickens or commercial broilers. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination model was applied to determine not only IBDV-induced immunosuppression but also bilateral effects between IBDV and NDV. None of the IBDV vaccines abrogated NDV vaccine-induced protection. All NDV-vaccinated SPF layers and broilers were protected against NDV challenge independent of circulating NDV antibody levels. Sustained suppression of NDV antibody development was observed in SPF layers, which had received the intermediate plus IBDV vaccine. We observed a temporary suppression of NDV antibody development in broilers vaccinated with one of the intermediate, as well as the intermediate plus, IBDV vaccines. Different genetic backgrounds, ages, and residual maternal antibodies might have influenced the pathogenesis of IBDV in the different types of chickens. Temporary suppression of NDV antibody response in broilers was only seen if the NDV vaccine was administered before and not, as it was speculated previously, at the time the peak of IBDV-induced bursa lesions was detected. For the first time, we have demonstrated that the NDV vaccine had an interfering effect with the pathogenesis of the intermediate as well as the intermediate plus IBDV vaccine. NDV vaccination enhanced the incidence of IBDV bursa lesions and IBDV antibody development. This observation indicates that this bilateral effect of an IBDV and NDV vaccination should be considered in the field and could have consequences for the performance of broiler flocks.     

锌对雏番鸭淋巴器官中肥大细胞数量的影响

选择1日龄健康雏番鸭45只,随机分为3组,分别喂以每kg含锌离子20mg、40mg、200mg的饲料,饲养期为45d。于15日龄、30日龄和45日龄每组随机宰杀5只,取法氏囊、脾脏、胸腺,Carnoy法固定,甲苯胺蓝染色,显微镜观察肥大细胞数量的变化规律。结果表明：15日龄时,低锌日粮组鸭子胸腺和脾脏的肥大细胞数量均比另外两组高,（P〉0.05）,而法氏囊中低锌日粮组肥大细胞数量比另外两组明显高（P〈0.01）。30日龄时,低锌日粮组鸭子胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊中肥大细胞数量均比高锌日粮组显著增多（P〈0.05）,而与正常锌日粮组相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。45日龄时,法氏囊高锌日粮组与低锌日粮组和正常锌日粮组差异显著（P〈0.05）;脾脏各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但高锌日粮组肥大细胞数量最多;胸腺低锌日粮组与高锌日粮组和正常锌日粮组差异极显著（P〈0.01）。因此,锌具有稳定免疫器官中肥大细胞数量的重要作用,但长时间添加高剂量锌反而会增加肥大细胞数量。     

Study on the Immunity Effect of Infectious Bursal Disease Immune Complex Vaccine on One-day Old Moderate Maternal Antibody Chick

One-day-old moderate maternal antibody Jinghong chickens and SPF chickens were vaccinated with infectious bursal disease (IBD) immune complex (IC) vaccine and BX strain live vaccine,respectively,pathological changes of bursa of fabricius in chickens were observed at the 9th day after immunization.On the 28th day after immunization,blood samples were taken and the IBDV neutralizing antibody were tested,meanwhile experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent IBDV,the protective rates of experimental groups were calculated.The results showed that at the 9th day after immunization,the bursa of fabricius in SPF and Jinghong chickens were normal in IC vaccine group,however atrophic changes of bursa of fabricius in BX strain live vaccine group were shown.At the 28th day after immunization,the IBDV neutralizing antibody of IC vaccine group and BX strain live vaccine group in SPF and Jinghong chickens were 9.2log2,8.5log2,7.2log2 and 4.4log2,respectively,while 100% protection rates were provided.The results provided that IC vaccine had better immunity effect on one-day-old moderate maternal antibody chicken,high levels of neutralizing antibodies against IBDV were produced and protection rates were 100%.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄中等母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗和BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄中等母源抗体水平京红雏鸡,同时免疫1日龄SPF雏鸡作对照,免疫后第9天观察法氏囊病变,免疫后第28天采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后第9天,免疫复合物疫苗组SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡法氏囊均正常,BX株活疫苗组SPF雏鸡法氏囊出现了萎缩病变;免疫后第28天,对照SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡的免疫复合物疫苗组、BX活疫苗组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为9.2log2、8.5log2和 7.2log2、4.4log2,攻毒保护率均为100%。试验结果表明免疫复合物疫苗免疫1日龄中等水平母源抗体雏鸡效果很好,能产生较高的中和抗体,攻毒保护率能达到100%。     

葡甘露聚糖对饲喂黄曲霉毒素B1日粮肉仔鸡生长性能、血清指标及器官指数的影响

本文通过测定肉仔鸡生长性能、血清指标及器官指数,探讨葡甘露聚糖对黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的吸附作用。选用180只体重接近的8日龄肉仔鸡随机分成3组,分别为基础日粮组、基础日粮 0.1mg/kgAFB1组、基础日粮 0.1mg/kgAFB1 0.1%葡甘露聚糖组,试验期21d。试验结果表明:(1)基础日粮中加入0.1mg/kgAFB1,肉仔鸡的体重、日增重、日采食量显著下降,料重比升高。血清中总蛋白、白蛋白含量显著下降,谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性显著升高。肝脏、肾脏、心脏和脾脏肿胀,胸腺、法氏囊萎缩;(2)0.1mg/kgAFB1日粮中加入0.1%葡甘露聚糖,明显改善肉仔鸡的生长性能,以上相关指标基本恢复到正常水平。由此可知,葡甘露聚糖减轻或基本消除了AFB对肉仔鸡生长性能、组织器官的不良影响。     

Study on the Immunity Effect of Immune Complex Vaccine for Infectious Bursal Disease on One-day Old Low Maternal Antibody Chicken

Five kinds of infectious bursal disease (IBD) immune complex (IC) vaccines were prepared with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) BX strain mixed with IBDV hyperimmune serum according to a certain proportion (containing 32, 8, 4, 0.5 and 0.125 units IBDV neutralizing antibody, respectively).One-day old low maternal antibody chickens were vaccinated with IBD IC vaccines 1 to 5 and BX strain live vaccine, respectively, pathological changes of the bursa of fabricius in chickens were observed at the 9th day after immunization.On the day of 28 after immunization, blood samples were taken and the IBDV neutralizing antibody were tested, meanwhile all experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent IBDV, the protective rates of vaccines were calculated.The results showed that at the 9th day after immunization, the bursa of fabricius were normal in IC vaccine 1, 2 and 3 groups, however 2/10, 4/10 and 5/10 of pathological changes of the bursa of fabricius in IC vaccine 4, 5 groups and BX strain vaccine group, respectively.At the 28th day after immunization, the IBDV neutralizing antibodies in IC vaccine 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 groups and BX strain vaccine group were 8.34log2, 9.60log2, 9.21log2, 7.88log2, 9.50log2 and 9.12log2, while 90%, 100%, 100%, 80%, 90% and 80% protection rates were provided, respectively.The results showed that IBD IC vaccines 2 and 3 (containing 8, 4 units IBDV neutralizing antibody, respectively) had the best immunity effect on one-day old low maternal antibody chickens, protection rates were both 100%.