生长激素(PST)脂质体对育肥猪生产性能的影响

选择18头体重20 kg左右的太湖二元杂交小公猪,分成A、B、C 3组,每组6头.A组为对照组;B组颈部肌肉注射生长激素(PST) 4 ml/头;C组颈部肌肉注射PST脂质体28 mg/头;结果表明PST与PST脂质体对育肥猪的生产性能影响较为接近,与对照组相比,均可显著提高育肥猪的日增重,饲料报酬,改善猪的胴体品质,说明PST脂质体可代替PST用于生产实践.     

PST(生长激素)脂质体对生长猪生产性能的影响

PST脂质体具有显著的缓释效果,本文研究其对生产能力的影响。结果发现PST脂质体效果与PST效果相一致,对猪的增重、瘦肉率及料肉比有明显促进作用,瘦肉率提高达5-10％,料肉比降低。     

PST脂质体在猪血浆中稳定性的研究

本文旨在通过逆相蒸发法制备PST脂质体，通过测定酸价，丙二醛含量的变化，并做了猪血浆体外24h实验，验证了PST脂质体在血浆中能稳定存在，为PST脂质体的临床应用作初步的研究。     

PST脂质体代谢动力学的研究

在猪体内m.i.PST脂质体，研究其在体内的药物代谢动力学和对肥育猪生产能力的影响，分析其血浆中生长激素浓度随时间的变化曲线，确定其释药模型为单室模型，求出各项动力学参数，结果为PST脂质体的缓释效果显著，缓释时间长达7d以上。     

PST脂质体在猪血浆中稳定性的研究

PST脂质体将应用于养猪业,并且注射于猪血液中,因而在血液中的稳定性很重要.脂质体在体液中大豆稳定性是发挥药物载体的作用的关键.血液中有多种破坏因素 [13];PST脂质体在进入血循环到达靶位之前,应该保持比较完整的形态才能在体内有效地降低副作用,更好地发挥疗效,因此在本研究中,对PST在猪血中的稳定性进行初步探讨.     

PRRSV对仔猪免疫力的影响

为了研究PRRSV对仔猪免疫力的影响,试验将13头46日龄的健康仔猪随机分A、B、C 3组,48日龄时A组猪进行滴鼻接种PRRSV LC毒株(TCID50为1×10-5.25/0.1 mL)3 mL/头,B组猪滴鼻接种未接毒正常细胞培养物3 mL/头;50日龄时A组、B组猪免疫猪瘟疫苗4头份,C组猪肌肉注射生理盐水4 mL;免疫后1,7,14,21,28,35天利用ELISA和MTT等方法检测试验组猪猪瘟抗体水平和外周血T淋巴细胞转化率.结果表明,A组猪瘟抗体水平和T淋巴细胞转化率显著低于B组(P<0.05)有极显著的,说明PRRSV对仔猪免疫力有一定的抑制作用.     

不同组份对猪生长激素脂质体化学稳定怀的影响

本文通过逆相蒸发法制备猪生长激素(PST)脂质体,重点是探讨不同组份原料对PST脂质体化学稳定性的影响.经过试验论证,加入抗氧化剂后,包封率明显提高,而且加BHT的效果比加维生素E(VE)的效果要好.通过对大豆卵磷脂和蛋黄卵磷脂的对比实验,证明了蛋黄卵磷脂所制脂质体效果较好,通过测定酸价,丙二醛含量的变化也证明了这一点.为PST脂质体的临床应用做初步的研究.     

不同有机微矿复合包对生长肥育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在探讨3种不同有机微矿复合包与无机微矿复合包对生长肥育猪采食量、日增质量、腹泻率、病死率、皮毛外观、粪便颜色和粪便稀稠度的影响.试验选取112头初始均质量约为35 kg的(杜×长×大)三元杂交生长肥育猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组4个重复,每重复7头猪.对照组饲喂基础日粮和无机微矿复合包；试验A、B和C组的营养成分分析保证值无明显差异,而不同组所采用的有机微矿来源不同,品质各异.所以可能导致试验结果各组间出现明显差异.在采食量方面,试验A、B和C组的采食量较对照组分别提高4.14％、1.38％和5.52％,而试验C组采食量较A组提高1.32％,较B组提高4.08％；在日增质量方面,试验A、B和C组的日增质量较对照组分别提高18.87％、18.87％和22.64％,A与B组的日增质量无明显差异,但试验C组较试验A和B组都明显提高3.17％；从对皮毛外观的评价来看,试验A、B和C组的被毛指数较对照组改善了11.66％、19.79％和24.03％；对粪便颜色由重到轻的观察,对照组＞试验A组＞试验B组＞试验C组；对粪便稀稠度由差到好的评价:对照组＞试验A组＞试验B组＞试验C组；对生长肥育猪腹泻率和病死率的观察,试验A、B和C组的腹泻率和病死率明显低于对照组,而试验B组的腹泻率又高于A和C组.     

接种猪肺炎支原体疫苗后抗体水平变化规律的研究

为探讨免疫接种5种猪肺炎支原体疫苗后血清抗体的变化规律,选用120头健康仔猪作为实验动物,随机分成A、B、C、D、E5个试验组和1个对照组,每组20头猪。在7日龄和21日龄左右,按照各个疫苗厂商提供的最佳免疫程序,对试验组的仔猪进行免疫接种,对照组的仔猪颈部肌肉注射2.0mL生理盐水。分别于20、50、80、140日龄采血分离血清,并用ELISA方法检测血清中的猪肺炎支原体抗体水平。结果表明,不同疫苗免疫接种试验猪后抗体产生不同。20日龄时,各试验组抗体水平差异不显著(P>0.05),且抗体阳性率不高;50日龄时,抗体阳性率明显升高,A、C两组产生的抗体水平极显著高于B、D组及对照组(P<0.01),E组极显著高于D组及对照组(P<0.01),B组显著高于D组及对照组(0.01相似文献   

PRRS疫苗免疫策略研究进展:疫苗程序改变为弱毒苗和灭活苗组合使用能增加免疫效果

<正>1实验室研究本研究对猪I型PRRS活疫苗(MLV)免疫接种和MLV与灭活疫苗(KV)的组合免疫接种的免疫应答进行了比较。实验设计如下(如表1),将32头小猪随机分成4组,每组8头。A组、B组、C组各组猪于1.5月龄时注射I型PRRS弱毒疫苗,D组为不注射疫苗的对照组。在猪4.5月龄时,A组注射第2次I型PRRS弱毒疫苗,B组和C组注射I型PRRS灭活疫苗(PROGRESSIS,法国Marial公司生产,2 mL,肌肉注射)。在猪5.5月龄时,C组再注     

生长激素（PST）脂质体的药物代谢动力学研究

本文研究了生长激素（PST）脂质体在仔猪体内的药物代谢动力学，分析了血浆中生长激素浓度时间的变化曲线，确定其释药模型为单室模型，求出了各项动力学参数，揭示PST脂质体的缓释效果显著，缓释时间长达7d以上。     

4种配合饲料对育肥猪生长性能及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究猪场自配小麦型饲料、自配玉米型饲料和商品配合颗粒饲料对肉猪生长性能的影响。采用对比试验设计,选用108头育肥猪随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。A组饲喂玉米型基础料+A型预混料,B组饲喂小麦型基础料+B型小麦专用预混料,C组饲喂玉米型基础料+C型预混料,D组饲喂D型生长育肥猪配合饲料,试验期31 d。结果显示,各组间平均日采食量、日增重和料重比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;A组增重饲料成本与其他3组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,B组与C、D组之间均差异显著（P<0.05）,C、D组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合分析得出,B组获得的经济效益最高,每头平均利润达473.07元。     

Novel insight into the control of litter size in pigs, using placental efficiency as a selection tool.

Chinese Meishan pigs produce three to five more pigs per litter than less-prolific U.S. or European pig breeds as a result of a markedly decreased placental size and an increased pig weight: placental weight ratio (placental efficiency). We hypothesized that as a result of their intense selection for prolificacy, the Chinese had indirectly selected for a smaller, more efficient placenta in the Meishan breed. The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) significant variation in placental size and efficiency existed within our population of purebred Yorkshire pigs and 2) selection of pigs (boars and gilts) based on clear differences in placental size and efficiency would affect litter size. There was significant (approximately threefold) variation in placental efficiency in our herd of Yorkshire pigs, and marked (approximately twofold) variation existed within individual litters. We then selected pigs (boars and gilts) that had either a higher (A Group) or lower (B Group) than average placental efficiency. Although the birth weights of selected A Group pigs were similar to those of the B Group pigs, they had markedly smaller placentae. Males from each group (A or B) were bred to the females of the same group, and farrowing data were collected from parities 1 and 2. In both parities, A Group females farrowed more live pigs per litter than did B Group females (12.5 +/- .7 vs 9.6 +/- .5, P < .05). Although A Group pigs were on average approximately 20% lighter than B group pigs (1.2 +/- .1 vs 1.5 +/- .1 kg, P < .05), their placentae were approximately 40% lighter (250 +/- 10 vs 347 +/- 15 g, P < .01), resulting in a marked increase in placental efficiency. The results of this study suggest that selection on placental size and efficiency may provide a valuable tool for optimizing litter size in commercially important pig breeds.     

两种不同猪瘟疫苗对育肥猪的免疫效果比较

为比较猪瘟疫苗E2基因工程亚单位疫苗和猪瘟活疫苗对育肥猪免疫效果和生产成绩的影响,以便为规模猪场在选择猪瘟疫苗时提供参考。本试验从汉中某代养场选取了一批健康的断奶仔猪分成三组,A组免疫猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗（简称E2亚单位疫苗）,B组免疫猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）,C组为对照组不做猪瘟疫苗免疫。免疫60 d后各组随机抽取10、15和12份血样用猪瘟病毒抗体检测试剂盒检测猪瘟抗体水平。结果表明接种的两种猪瘟疫苗对育肥猪的免疫效果差异极显著（P<0.01）,其中E2亚单位疫苗相比于猪瘟活疫苗能够明显提高育肥猪抗体阻断率和降低离散度,并且有助于育肥猪的健康生长。     

日粮中添加发酵饲料对育肥猪养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同水平的发酵饲料对育肥猪养分消化率及肠道菌群的影响,试验选用560头杜×长×大三元育肥猪[(75.37±2.65)kg],根据体重、性别随机分为7组,每组5个重复,每个重复16头,对照组饲喂育肥猪日粮,试验组分别在育肥猪日粮中添加5%或10%的发酵饲料A、B、C,饲喂21 d后每组选5头育肥猪肛门采集新鲜粪便测定肠道菌群多样性;并在饲喂第29天和第30天,各组每个重复连续收集粪便混合后测定养分消化率。结果表明:日粮中添加发酵饲料对育肥猪粗蛋白质、能量和干物质的消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),相比对照组,饲喂发酵饲料组的粗蛋白质消化率有所提高(最高组提高2.9%);同时肠道菌群中乳杆菌属丰度有所增加,表明在日粮中添加一定比例的发酵饲料可以改善育肥猪养分消化率和肠道健康。     

猪生长激素(PST)脂质体代谢动力学的研究

在猪体内注射脂质体 ,研究其在体内的药物动力学 ,分析其血浆中生长激素浓度随时间的变化曲线 ,确定其释药模型为单室模型 ,求出各项动力学参数 ,结果为PST脂质体的缓释效果显著 ,缓释时间长达7天以上     

Quantification and evaluation of antimicrobial drug use in group treatments for fattening pigs in Belgium

To control the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, knowledge of antimicrobial drug consumption is essential. Because consumption data are not available in Belgium, a study was conducted between March and October 2003 to investigate the antimicrobial drug consumption in pigs, using the treatment incidence based on the animal daily dose pig (ADDpig), the treatment incidence based on the used daily dose pig (UDDpig) (number of ADDpig or UDDpig/1000 pigs at risk/day), and the ratio UDDpig/ADDpig.

The sampling frame consisted of 821 pig herds that (a) used a closed or semi-closed production system, (b) were located in the most dense pig areas of Belgium, and (c) had at least 150 sows and 600 fattening pigs each. Of 50 randomly selected herds, all group treatments with antimicrobial drugs, applied to fattening pigs that were within 2 weeks of slaughter (median age 187 days), were collected retrospectively.

The treatment incidence based on ADDpig for all oral and injectable antimicrobial drugs was 178.1 per 1000 pigs at risk per day. The treatment incidence based on UDDpig shows that in reality fewer pigs were treated, namely 170.3 per 1000 pigs at risk per day. Proportionally, the most often applied oral antimicrobial drugs were: doxycycline, amoxicillin, combination trimethoprim-sulphonamides and polymyxin E. The most often applied injectable antimicrobial drugs were long-acting amoxicillin and ceftiofur. The distribution of the UDDpig/ADDpig ratio per antimicrobial drug shows that 50–75% of the oral formulations were underdosed. Injectable formulations were almost always overdosed (>90%).     

饲料中不同水平的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响

为研究饲料中添加不同比例的玉米柠檬酸渣对育肥猪增重效果的影响,试验选取40头60 kg左右的育肥猪,采用单因素完全随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组8头猪。对照组饲喂“玉米+豆粕”型基础日粮,4个试验组分别饲喂含有3%、6%、9%和12%的玉米柠檬酸渣饲粮。结果表明：⑴4个试验组与对照组平均日采食量差异不显著（P>0.05）;⑵A组、B组平均日增重、料肉比与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）,A组、B组平均日增重分别比对照组高0.77%、1.24%（P>0.05）,料肉比较对照组分别低1.63%、2.29%（P>0.05）;⑶C组、D组平均日增重、料肉比与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,C组、D组平均日增重分别比对照组低2.73%、4.39%,料肉比较对照组分别高3.59%、4.9%（P<0.05）;⑷A组、B组育肥猪每增重1 kg所需的饲料成本分别降低2.52%、4.4%。说明在日粮中添加一定量的玉米柠檬酸渣,对育肥猪生长性能有一定的促进作用,养殖经济效益显著,其中以6%的添加量较为适宜。     

不同配合料饲喂育肥猪对比试验研究

[目的]通过比较2种不同配合料饲喂育肥猪的饲养效果和效益情况,筛选出适合试验猪场生产所需的饲料品种。[方法]选择体重在（47.3±2.5）kg的洋三元猪40头作为试验对象,将其分为2组,并分别饲喂2种配合料55 d,当体重达到90 kg左右后,对其生长性能进行对比分析。[结果]在试验阶段结束后,大北农饲料组的实验猪在头均末重和头均总增重上分别极显著高于金格力饲料组11.29%和16.32%（P〈0.01）,但其料肉比却极显著低于金格力饲料组13.64%（P〈0.01）。[结论]综合以上因素,并从养殖场的经济效益出发,可以认为大北农公司的配合料更适合推广应用。     

Increasing daily feeding occasions in restricted feeding strategies does not improve performance or well being of fattening pigs

Background

The natural feeding behaviour of the pig is searching for feed by rooting activities throughout the day; self-feeding pigs randomly space their eating and drinking periods throughout the day consuming ten to twelve meals per day. Pigs in conventional fattening pig production are normally fed 2–3 times daily with the feed consumed within 15 minutes. The aim of this study was to determine if more frequent feedings could improve the performance of conventionally kept fattening pigs.

Methods

The experiment was carried out on 360 fattening pigs (27–112 kg live weight), weighed and assigned to pens stratified by weight and sex. Each treatment group consisted of 180 pigs, allocated to 20 pens with nine pigs in each pen. To evaluate how more feeding occasions affects performance and well-being the pigs were divided into two groups and fed three (control group) or nine (treatment group) times daily. The same total amount of liquid feed was fed to each group and the feed ration was correlated to the live weight of the pigs. All weight and slaughter recordings were made individually and recordings of feed consumption were made pen-wise. At slaughter the stomach of each pig was examined for lesions in the pars oesophagea and scored on a scale from 1–6.

Results

Frequent feeding occasions influenced both performance and status of gastric lesions of the pigs adversely. Pigs in the treatment group grew slower compared to pigs in the control group; 697 g/day (± 6.76) versus 804 g/day (± 6.78) (P < 0.001) with no difference in within-pen variation. There was also a lower prevalence of gastric lesions within pigs in the control group (2.4 (± 0.12) compared to 3.0 (± 0.12) (P < 0.01)). There was a positive correlation between gastric lesions in the treatment group and daily weight gain (r = 0.19; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Increased daily feeding occasions among group housed pigs resulted in a poorer daily weight gain and increased mean gastric lesion score as compared with pigs fed three times daily. This may be a consequence of more frequently occurring competition for feed in the treatment group. The present study does not support increased daily feeding occasions in fattening pigs.