4GD－2型大豆收割机

４ＧＤ－２型大豆收割机４ＧＤ－２型大豆收割机由黑龙江省农机工程研究院研制，该机与８．８～１３．２千瓦小四轮拖拉机配套，适用于垄作大豆的收割，为对行夹持式低割茬大豆收割机。特点是：割后作物割茬低，采用软夹持确保不破荚、不掉粒，损失率小。主要技术参数割茬...     

新型玉米收割机

最近,由内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤田公司研制出一种新型玉米收割机。这种新型玉米收割机采用拖拉机倒开式,使拖拉机前进、倒退挡位调换且调整了速度。该收割机割茬高度80mm,籽粒损失率2.5%,籽粒破碎率不大于1.5%,果穗损失率不大于3%,生产效率为2001～4669m2/h,茎秆切碎长度不大于50     

联合收割机双层切割装置的正确使用

湖州130系列和台州150系列履带式联合收割机都配有双层切割装置,它是在联合收割机切割台下方安装与作业幅宽相等的副切割装置,其动力由割台部分传入。收割机作业时,切割台上割刀只切割稻穗部分,减少了收割机脱粒部分的喂入量,降低了脱粒装置的功率消耗,切割台下割刀切割地表层以上的剩余茎秆,降低了留茬高度,有效地解决了功率消耗与留茬高度之间的矛盾。     

手扶式胡麻割晒机的设计与试验

为进一步提高我国胡麻种植区域的机械化收获程度,设计一款采用手持拖拉机为动力源,双排横向输送链进行茎秆输送,异形链片带动拨禾星轮转动,适用于胡麻收获的割晒机,实现了胡麻的机械化收获,并进行田间试验。田间试验结果表明:当割晒机前进速度调至0.65 m/s时,割晒机的平均割茬高度为100～150 mm,割茬高度可根据不同地形进行调整,铺放角为95°±10°,漏割率为0.6%。各项作业指标均达到国家和行业标准要求。该款胡麻割晒机具有结构紧凑、操作方便、工作效率高、割茬低、铺放整齐等特点,适宜胡麻割晒,为胡麻的机械化收获提供参考。     

4GD-2A型大豆收割机

该机由黑龙江省赵光机械厂研制生产,已通过省级技术鉴定,并获得了国家专利。该机采用齿轮箱传动,立式割台,后侧悬挂联接。作业时,大豆被割台割刀割下后,由夹持带直立输送到主机后面铺放。该机设计先进,结构紧凑合理,一人即可操作,割台控制灵活,放铺操作简单方便,一次作业可收割2行大豆,具有割茬低、损失率小和生产率高等特点。主要技术参数:配套动力8.8kW以上小四轮拖拉机,适应行距55～70cm,工作效率0.35～0.40hm2/h。4GD-2A型大豆收割机     

4QM-4.0型麻类青饲料联合收获机割台结构设计与试验

针对现有牧草收割机收割饲用苎麻作物时，割台输料不畅，搅龙易被麻类纤维缠绕的问题，设计一种专用收割机割台。该割台由往复式切割装置、拨禾轮、茎秆捡拾输送器及螺旋搅龙组成。根据饲用苎麻的田间生长特性及物料特点，开展收割机割台设计。通过理论计算与试验分析，确定割台各关键装置结构参数：拨禾轮的圆周半径为840 mm、切割器离拨禾轮轴高度为1 470 mm、拨禾轮转速27.9 r/min、升降行程为700 mm、往复式割刀曲柄转速为540 r/min、茎秆捡拾输送器拨齿轮滚筒半径为150 mm、转速为152.80 r/min，喂入搅龙直径为320 mm、转速为170 r/min。田间试验表明：该机收获损失率为3%，标准草长率为91%，作业小时生产率为0.25~0.35 hm2/h，割茬高度为150 mm。收割时，割台未出现堵料及纤维缠绕现象；收割后，苎麻割茬整齐，未发现作物茎秆基部存在明显撕裂现象。试验结果表明往复式切割器切割效果良好，整机工作性能稳定，该收割机割台能够满足对饲用苎麻作物的收割要求。     

一种全新的联合收割机副切割器升降装置

1995年以来,小型自走式全喂入联合收割机得到了较大发展。这种小型收割机往往以提高割茬来减少喂入量,从而减少动力消耗和减少谷物损失。但是收割后留茬太高,不利于下季耕作,因此要求在收割机上增加副切割器,进行二次切割,以降低割后留茬。一般收割机的主、副切割器的升降需分别控制,操作十分不便,容易导致主、副切割器升降不协调,无法正常工作。 这里介绍的联合收割机副切     

水稻收割机的割茬高度控制系统设计与应用

随着水稻种植规模的扩大,水稻收割机在农业生产中的应用逐渐广泛,但传统水稻收割机故障率高、智能化程度低,存在割茬高度不均、割茬机构调整不便等诸多问题,导致水稻收割效率低、产能不足.为此,将PLC技术应用在传统水稻收割机上,通过研究分析水稻收割机的结构原理,完成了水稻收割机控制系统的优化设计,并针对控制系统的硬件进行了模块...     

4GL—130收割机输送铺放故障的排除

4GL—130收割机和其他收割机要求一样,顺畅输送,铺放整齐,根差小。 1、收割方向的正确选择 ①一般情况下,收割方向顺播种行方向或栽插方向为好。这样机组作业时振动小,割茬高低稳定。 ②对倒伏作物:倒伏大于45°的作物,最好用人工收割,倒伏小于45°的,机器应逆割或侧割(夹角40°左右),可以得到较满意的收割质量。 2、割茬高度(割台离地高度)选择 根据收割机作业规范,割茬高度不超过15厘     

GL-2．1型机引式割搂草机

GL-2．1型机引式割搂草机是山东双力集团股份有限公司立足于农业装备制造基地，新近开发的牧草机械。该种机型与具有侧置动力输出轴的12—20马力拖拉机配套使用。在平坦或坡地收割并搂起天然、种植牧草、紫花苜蓿、芦苇、谷物等。该种机型也可以单割或者单搂，该机型稳定性好，受力均匀，割刀切割有力，割茬低，割茬整齐，可由拖拉机手1人操作。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。