桑枝屑香菇与杂木屑香菇的品质比较

以桑枝屑和杂木屑为试材,采用标准及实验室常用方法对香菇营养成分进行测定,研究桑枝屑和杂木屑2种培养料对香菇产量和营养成分(蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、多糖、纤维、部分矿质元素)含量的影响。结果表明:桑枝屑栽培的单袋香菇产量比杂木屑的低6.4%,但生物转化率比木屑的高1.7%,粗蛋白质含量是杂木屑栽培的1.03倍,但总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比杂木屑香菇中的略低一些;脂肪含量是杂木屑栽培的1.82倍,纤维含量是杂木屑栽培的1.01倍,多糖含量是杂木屑栽培的1.34倍;重金属铅含量仅为杂木屑的11.3%,均达到国家绿色食品标准;矿质元素除钾元素外,钙、镁、铁、锌均高于杂木屑栽培的香菇。可见,用桑枝屑栽培的香菇子实体的营养性和药用保健性优于杂木屑栽培的香菇。     

利用核桃木屑栽培平菇对子实体营养价值的影响

以平菇“冀杂26”为试验材料，研究核桃木屑栽培基质对平菇子实体中营养成分、矿物质元素、氨基酸组成及含量、蛋白质营养价值的影响，并分析基质营养成分含量与各指标的相关性。结果表明核桃木屑有利于提高子实体中蛋白质、钙、铁、苦味氨基酸的含量及呈味氨基酸总量；配方2栽培的平菇子实体氨基酸比值系数分（SRC）最高。基质中全氮、全镁含量与子实体中脂肪、粗多糖、粗纤维、镁、铜、锌、铁的含量正相关；基质中全钾含量与子实体中碳水化合物、灰分和维生素C含量正相关；基质中全锌含量与子实体中必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸、药用氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量正相关；基质中有机碳含量与子实体中蛋白质、镁、铜、锌、铁含量及SRC正相关。     

茶枝屑替代木屑栽培平菇的研究

为拓展平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)栽培基质来源,提高茶枝利用率,以夏灰1号平菇为试验菌株开展了茶枝屑替代木屑栽培平菇的配方优选、平菇子实体主要营养成分分析、茶枝屑代料栽培平菇效益评估以及平菇子实体质量安全性评价等研究。结果表明,茶枝屑替代木屑栽培平菇的最佳配方为茶枝屑30%、木屑45%、麦麸20%、石灰3%、石膏1%、磷肥1%。与纯木屑栽培的平菇子实体相比,纯茶枝屑栽培的平菇子实体灰分、蛋白质、膳食纤维、粗多糖以及多酚类营养物质含量分别提高了28%、42.36%、6.15%、9.42%以及60.87%;菌袋生产成本降低了23.3%,提高了栽培平菇的经济效益以及食用菌的质量安全性。表明茶枝是一种很好的栽培平菇的新型栽培基质材料。     

天然黑木耳与栽培黑木耳的营养成分比较

对天然黑木耳与栽培黑木耳的主要营养成分及矿质元素含量进行了测定;对两者的粗多糖含量进行了比较。结果表明,天然木耳的粗脂肪、粗蛋白和总糖高于栽培木耳;而粗灰分、粗纤维低于栽培木耳。天然木耳多糖略高于栽培木耳;栽培木耳的钠、铁含量远高于天然木耳。     

厚朴非药用部位栽培平菇试验研究

测定了厚朴非药用部位的营养成分,并将其作为平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)的栽培基质,对平菇的生长性状、营养成分以及重金属含量的影响进行评价.结果表明:厚朴非药用部位含有平菇生长所需的粗纤维、粗蛋白等营养成分;当厚朴非药用部位添加量为67%时,平菇产量可达58.68 kg、蛋白质(干基)含量达23.0%,相对于对照分别提高18.3%、15.6%;且平菇符合无公害食品的标准;因此,厚朴非药用部位可以作为平菇栽培基质加以利用.     

醋糟培养料对平菇矿质元素与氨基酸含量的影响

利用醋糟栽培平菇,对其子实体中的总糖、粗蛋白、脂肪和粗纤维等营养成分的研究已有报道,但醋糟培养料对平菇子实体中矿质元素与氨基酸含量有何影响尚未见报道.笔者就这一问题对醋糟和棉子壳栽培的平菇子实体中的10种矿质元素和17种氨基酸含量,分别进行了测定比较.现将测定结果报道如下.     

富集矿质元素桦纤孔菌营养成分分析

以富集矿质元素钙、铁、锌的桦纤孔菌为试验材料进行营养成分分析。结果表明:富集矿质元素后,桦纤孔菌中各营养成分含量普遍升高。富集矿质元素铁的桦纤孔菌的氨基酸、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗蛋白含量均最高,其谷氨酸含量高达5.43%,比对照高3.14%;粗脂肪含量高达135.38 mg/g,比对照高55.03 mg/g;粗灰分含量高达50.90 mg/g,比对照高2.39 mg/g;粗蛋白含量高达21.34%,比对照高1.11%。富集矿质元素钙的桦纤孔菌的粗纤维含量最高,达41.72%,比对照高2.59%。     

引进“牛排菌”栽培特性研究

研究比较了不同栽培原料栽培引进＂牛排菌＂的生长情况,同时,还观察了不同菌龄栽培对原基形成、子实体发育、产量等方面的影响情况。结果表明,引进＂牛排菌＂更适宜在木屑基质中生长,在棉籽壳基质栽培包中菌丝生长则像平菇菌丝那样吃料整齐,均匀往下拉,但生长速度相当慢,感觉吃料很吃力;木屑基质栽培引进＂牛排菌＂明显好于棉籽壳基质,子实体出菇整齐,生长良好,且木屑基质栽培菌包可以延续生长至第2潮子实体,菌包外观仍较好;木屑培养料基质栽培引进＂牛排菌＂能提高其营养价值,17种氨基酸总量、粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗多糖含量高于棉籽壳基质栽培的引进＂牛排菌＂,尤其是17种氨基酸总量高出178.29%。     

四种鲜牛肝菌成分分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法、比色法等方法对美味牛肝菌、华美牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌和绒柄牛肝菌4种鲜牛肝菌的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、矿质元素、有害元素的含量进行测定.结果表明,4种鲜牛肝菌中,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖和粗纤维的含量范围分别是4.38%～5.42%、2.47%～3.07%、1.26%～3.85%、1.23%～1.56%;矿质元素铁、锌、钙的含量范围分别是19.62～37.96mg/kg、6.53～9.67mg/kg、146.23～298.02mg/kg;总砷含量未检出,有害元素总汞、铅、镉的含量范围分别是0.06～0.73mg/kg、0.4～0.62mg/kg、0.075～0.105mg/kg.结论：这4种野生鲜牛肝菌含有丰富的营养成分,但华美牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌中总汞含量较高,值得关注.     

不同基质栽培黑木耳的营养成分分析

对以桑枝屑、梨枝屑、杂木屑为主要基质栽培的黑木耳的常规营养成分、氨基酸、总黄酮、1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-Deoxynojirimycin,1-DNJ)、维生素和微量元素含量等进行检测,探讨不同基质栽培的黑木耳的营养成分之间的差异。结果表明,桑枝屑黑木耳中的总糖、粗纤维、碳水化合物、黄酮、微量元素钙和磷含量较高,梨枝屑黑木耳中氨基酸总量、铁、锌、维生素B1和B2的含量较高,表明桑、梨枝屑可以作为黑木耳栽培的基质加以利用。     

Effects of anti-leukemia by antisense c-myc by retrovirus vector

AIM: To study the role of c-myc oncogene in L6565 leukemia oncogenesis and the effects of therapy by inhibition of its expression with antisense c-myc. METHODS: A recombinant retroviral vector containing antisense c-myc of the murine (pGNCas) was constructed and then transfected into PA317 cells by the method of calcium phosphate precipitation. L6565 clone cells were infected with retrovirus particles. Stable integretion of antisense c-myc was shown by PCR. The change of the malignance and phenotype of L6565as were detected by the examination of the growth, morphology, cells cycle, agar assay and expression of c-myc. RESULTS: The shape of most L6565as cells became spherical. The growth of L6565as was inhibited compared to control cells. The analysis of cells cycle: L6565as cells were arrest in G₀/G₁ phase, decreased in S phase. The ability of L6565as cells to form colony in soft agarose was significantly suppressed. c-myc in L6565as cells was lowly expressed. CONCLUSION: (1)c-myc plays a critical role in L6565 leukemia oncogenesis; (2)Inhibition of expression of c-myc makes partly reversion of malignant phenotype of L6565 murine leukemia clone cells.     

葡萄扦插育苗技术

葡萄扦插育苗的圃地，应选择靠近水源、地势平坦、排水方便、地下水位不高、土层深厚的砂质壤土。勿在粘重土壤或瘠薄砂土地上建圃。苗圃地要按品种划分小区，防止品种混杂。圃地连年育苗时要实行轮作，2～3年倒茬1次种植豆类作物以恢复地力，有利于苗木生长。     

Comparison of immune-related pain induced by antigen-special complex with inflammatory pain induced by formalin in rats

AIM: To investigate the difference between immune-related pain induced by antigen-special complex and inflammatory pain induced by formalin, and to observe the differential expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal cord. METHODS: Thirty adult health SD rats were randomly divided into control group, formalin group and immune complex group (10 rats in each group). After the baseline tests were finished, 5 rats in each group underwent intrathecal administration of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. The right hindpaw of the rats were injected with PBS, formalin or rat IgG immune complex. The thickness of hindpaw and pain behaviors were observed at time points of 0 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after injection. The expression levels of total and activated p38 MAPK in spinal cord were determined by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: The rats in formalin group showed significant nociceptive behaviors immediately, such as licking foot, and limping with highly swollen foot which could touch the ground. The pain threshold was decreased rapidly 30 min after injection and alleviated after then. The pain threshold of the rats in immune complex group obviously decreased 4 h after injection without red swollen hindpaw. The expression of activated p-p38 MAPK in spinal cord in formalin group was significantly higher than that in immune complex group and control group (P<0.01). No statistic difference of p-p38 expression between immune complex group and control group, also no significant effects of SB203580 on pain behaviors in immune complex group were observed. CONCLUSION: Activated p38 MAPK contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain, but not to the pathogenesis of immune-related pain. The mechanism of immune-related pain is different from inflammatory pain induced by formalin.     

Volatile production by ‘Golden Delicious’ apples is affected by preharvest application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine

The effect of AVG application on the quality and volatile production of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples, grown in Chihuahua Mexico, was evaluated. AVG (125 g AVG/ha) was applied on apple trees four weeks before harvesting. Apples were harvested 176 days after full bloom and stored at 8 °C for 35 d. Quality parameters and volatile compounds were periodically evaluated. AVG application retarded color changes, and preserved acidity of apples during storage. Ethylene synthesis was also delayed by AVG. Control apples presented higher total soluble solids content than AVG-treated apples at the end of cold storage. Volatile production was affected by AVG application, especially in the case of esters and alcohols, which presented 59% and 33% lower values in AVG-treated apples at the end of storage. A higher concentration of aldehydes was observed at harvest time in AVG-treated apples; however, no difference was observed between treatments during storage. Higher correlations between ethylene production and aldehydes and alcohols were found in control apples (0.98, and 0.98, respectively), than in AVG-treated apples (0.6 and 0.90, respectively). AVG application on ‘Golden Delicious’ apples conferred a variety of benefits, such as delaying maturation, maintaining color, and reducing changes in acidity and total soluble solids. However, AVG treatment negatively affects the production of some volatile compounds.     

Functional improvement of infarct heart by implantation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered by matrigel

AIM: To investigate the implantation of matrigel carrying human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to enhance the cell survival and the improvement of the ventricular functions in infarct heart.METHODS: Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were isolated and cultured from adult adipose tissue. SD rats with one-week-old myocardial infarction were randomly received the following 4 treatments: injection of PBS, matrigel, PBS+ADMSCs or matrigel+ADMSCs, respectively. Labeled ADMSCs either in matrigel or in saline were injected into the border area of ischemia. The controls received the injection of matrigel or saline only. Four weeks after injection, the heart functions were determined by echocardiography. The densities of the micro-vessels within the infarct area were also measured.RESULTS: Four weeks after implantation of ADMSCs, the cell graft size, the heart functions and the micro-vessel densities within the infarct area improved in matrigel+ADMSCs group as compared to other groups.CONCLUSION: The co-injection of ADMSCs with matrigel enhances the graft survival, increases the density of the micro-vessels in the myocardium and improves the cardiac functions.     

丛枝菌根真菌和根瘤菌对蚕豆吸收有机磷的促进作用

采用盆栽试验研究了接种根瘤菌(Rhizobium)、丛枝菌根真菌(AM)和双接种对蚕豆(Vicia fabaL.)吸收有机磷的影响.与对照相比,接种根瘤菌使蚕豆根瘤数和根瘤重明显增加,但对有机磷吸收促进作用不明显;接种AM真菌和双接种使蚕豆植株磷浓度和吸收有机磷量显著增加,AM真菌对吸磷量的贡献率分别为38.9%和43.3%.同时接种根瘤菌和AM真菌对蚕豆生长和吸收有机磷有协同促进作用.     

瓜类幼苗真菌性死苗的初步研究

由瓜果腐霉菌（Ｐｙｔｈｉｕｍａｐｈａｎｉｄｅｒｍａｔｕｍ）和立枯丝核菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｓｏｌａｎｉ）引起的瓜类幼苗死苗的发病规律基本相同，病菌多在幼苗出土前侵染，苗龄愈小发病愈重。带菌量较多的菜园土和温室土发病较重。低温、高湿或中湿、弱光照、土壤偏碱、播种时盖土过深是真菌性死苗发生的有利条件。     

糖蜜生产燃料乙醇生产技术

介绍了采用糖蜜为原料,生产燃料乙醇的工艺技术,以及利用生产过程中产生的酒精废醪液生产沼气的工艺技术,提高了制糖企业经济效益。     

食用菌富集微量元素的研究与展望

本文综述了食用菌富集微量元素的特点，研究所用的食用菌菌种及所富集微量元素的种类，富集微量元素的食用菌生理功能、应用前景与存在问题。     

观赏植物在改善家居环境中的应用

在分析室内空气污染种类及危害基础上,列举常见的净化空气的室内观赏植物,提出如何选择应用观赏植物净化空气,认为用观赏植物改善新居的空气污染是一种很好的空气净化技术选择。