不同季节土庄绣线菊根围丛枝菌根真菌群落差异性研究

土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens)是内蒙古大青山干旱生态系统重要的护土灌木,研究季节变化对土庄绣线菊根围丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)群落的影响,有助于进一步探讨AMF在土庄绣线菊生长发育过程中发挥的作用。采用传统染色检测与Illumina Mi Seq测序相结合的方法,研究季节变化对内蒙古大青山土庄绣线菊AMF侵染率、孢子密度、丰富度、多样性和群落组成的影响。结果显示:在春季、夏季和秋季,AMF侵染率和丛枝丰度不存在显著差异,而孢子密度却存在显著差异。AMF丰富度和多样性在夏季显著低于春季和秋季,但在春季和秋季间差异并不显著;主成分分析(principal coordinate analysis,PCo A)和PERMANOVA分析表明,春季和秋季AMF群落组成与夏季存在显著差异,而在春季和秋季间差异并不显著。     

球囊霉属真菌与芽孢杆菌M3-4协同作用降低马铃薯青枯病的发生及其机制初探

 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和根围促生细菌(PGPR)能在一定程度上拮抗土传病原物、提高植物抗病性而降低病害。本研究旨在(1)确定不同AMF与PGPR组合中,菌间相互作用的关系;(2)评价不同AMF与PGPR组合促进马铃薯生长、降低青枯病(Ralstonia solanacearum)危害的效果;(3)初步探索最佳AMF与PGPR组合降低马铃薯青枯病的作用机制。结果表明,与单接种AMF或PGPR相比,一些AMF与PGPR组合能够促进AMF的侵染和PGPR在马铃薯根围的定殖; AMF与PGPR组合能显著促进马铃薯的生长(如株高、茎粗、地上鲜重、地上干重、薯块重),其中以AMF摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae, Gm)与PGPR芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)M3-4菌株组合以及地表球囊霉(G. versiforme, Gv)与 M3-4菌株组合促生效果最好。另外,接种AMF和PGPR的组合不同程度降低了马铃薯青枯病的危害,其中也以Gm与M3-4和Gv与M3-4的组合防治效果最佳,防治效果分别为65.2%和69.5%。并且,后者处理的叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于其他处理,丙二醛含量则显著低于其他处理。实验结果表明,Gm与M3-4以及Gv与M3-4的AMF和PGPR组合能够协同作用大幅促进马铃薯的生长、诱导其防御反应而降低马铃薯青枯病危害。     

丛枝菌根真菌与小麦孢囊线虫的相互作用

 近年来, 小麦孢囊线虫(cereal cyst nematodes, CCN:主要病原为燕麦孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae)对小麦(Triticum aestivum)的危害日益严重, 亟待探索新的生防途径。丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)作为环境功能生物, 对寄主植物具有生物药肥双重作用, 不仅能促进植物吸收利用养分, 而且能拮抗土传病原物、提高植物抗病性。本研究以AMF与CCN相互作用为切入点, 试图明确AMF与CCN相互作用关系, 并科学评价不同AMF抑制CCN、降低病害的效应。试验于温室盆栽条件下进行, 设接种AMF Gigaspora margarita(Gi.m)、Glomus mosseae(G.m)、Glomus intraradices(G.i)、Glomus versiforme(G.v)、Gi.m +G.m+G.i+G.v、CCN、CCN+Gi.m、CCN+G.m、CCN+G.i、CCN+G.v、CCN+Gi.m+G.m+ G.i+G.v和不接种对照(CK)共12个处理。结果表明, 接种AMF各处理均能降低小麦孢囊线虫侵染率、土壤中孢囊数和根内J2数量, 其中Gi.m处理抑制效果最大;CCN不同程度减少AMF侵入点数和产孢数量。Gi.m 和CCN+Gi.m处理的根内丛枝着生数量最多, 而后者根内的超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于其他处理、丙二醛含量则显著低于其他CCN+AM真菌处理。Gi.m和G.i处理的小麦株高、地上部干重高于其他处理;Gi.m 和CCN+Gi.m的处理的单穗重和单株产量均高于其他处理。表明AMF能不同程度拮抗CCN、促进小麦生长和提高产量, 其中, Gi.m是高效菌种。结论认为, AMF与CCN之间存在一定相互抑制作用, AMF能通过诱导植株防御反应拮抗CCN。     

西宁盆地4种草本和灌木植物降盐效应试验研究

以西宁盆地长岭沟流域自建试验区为研究区,筛选出适宜当地气候条件下生长的2种灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王[Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge)Maxim.]和2种草本植物细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum cv.Slender)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa Linn.)作为试验供试种,在试验区对4种植物采用单一种植和组合种植方式,探讨2种种植条件下植物根系在边坡地表以下垂直方向土体中K^+、Ca^2+、Na^+、Mg^2+、SO4^2-、Cl^-、HCO3^-、CO3^2-等8种易溶盐离子含量及其变化特征,评价了区内2种草本和2种灌木植物降低边坡土体盐分的能力。结果表明:单一种植细茎冰草、紫花苜蓿、柠条锦鸡儿、霸王对边坡土体中SO4^2-、Ca^2+、Na^+具有显著降低作用,草本与灌木组合Ⅰ(柠条锦鸡儿+紫花苜蓿+细茎冰草组合)和草本与灌木组合Ⅱ(霸王+紫花苜蓿+细茎冰草组合)对边坡土体中SO4^2-、Ca^2+、Mg^2+、K^+、Na^+表现出显著降低作用;紫花苜蓿的降盐效果相对较为显著、其次为柠条锦鸡儿和细茎冰草,霸王的降盐效果不及前者显著;草本与灌木组合Ⅱ的降盐效果相对显著于草本与灌木组合Ⅰ。     

禾草内生真菌与丛枝菌根互作对多年生黑麦草生长及叶斑病的影响

为明确禾草内生真菌和丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)互作对多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne生长发育及叶斑病的影响,设置禾草内生真菌处理(由带有和不带禾草内生真菌种子建立)、AMF(幼套球囊霉Claroideoglomus etunicatum和根内球囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices)单独接种和混合接种处理及不接菌处理(对照),并在植物生长6周后接种或不接种多年生黑麦草叶斑病病原菌根腐离蠕孢Bipolaris sorokiniana,测定各处理多年生黑麦草的发病率、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、水分利用效率、AMF侵染率、P含量和生物量。结果表明:接种病原菌2周后,多年生黑麦草叶斑病的发病率为25.00%～38.75%,禾草内生真菌和幼套球囊霉均在一定程度上降低了多年生黑麦草的发病率,二者共同作用时发病率显著降低了35.48%。禾草内生真菌与AMF互作能在一定程度上提高植物叶绿素含量,促进光合作用,并促进P吸收和植物生长,二者的互作效应因禾草内生真菌与AMF组合而异,但均优于二者单独使用时的效应,其中禾草内生真菌与幼套球囊霉互作对多年生黑麦草生长及叶斑病防治的效果最好。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区乔灌木植物系数计算与适应性评价

利用长期定位试验资料,研究了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区乔木和灌木植物系数的计算方法,比较了两种代表性乔木(榆树和小叶杨)和两种代表性灌木(柠条和沙棘)的实际蒸散量和生育期土壤平均含水量的差异,分析了土壤含水量变化对植物根系吸水和土壤水分有效性的影响。结果发现:该地区灌木的实际蒸散量小于乔木,但同类植物的实际蒸散量没有显著差异;土壤含水量柠条最高,沙棘最低;榆树植物系数最小,柠条其次,沙棘最大,但榆树和小叶杨的土壤水分有效性高,耗水量大,所以灌木较适于该区生长。     

新疆蒿类半灌木牧草资源分布及其饲用价值

蒿类半灌木是指以菊科的蒿属(Artemisia L.)和绢蒿属(Seriphidum Poljak)半灌木为主,并包括在生态地理分布和饲用价值上相近的一些其它半灌木,如菊科的亚菊属(Ajania Poljak)中的一些种类、藜科的地肤属(Kochia Roth)、驼绒藜属(Ceratoides Gag-nebin)植物。它们是半灌木类群里牧草饲用价值最高的一类,在新疆各类草地中共有7类、27组、151型,是草原和荒漠草地的重要组成。在其营养成分组成中,蛋白质、粗脂肪含量较高,适口性好,耐牧性强,是各类牲畜优良冷季放牧草地中的植物类群。应加强对蒿类半灌木植物的研究、开发、品种驯化及种子的批量生产;适当控制载畜量,有计划地对草地进行封育或轮牧,将有利于新疆草地资源的保护和可持续发展。     

汾河平原小麦成熟前期根际土丛枝菌根真菌群落结构的空间变异

为揭示汾河平原小麦根际土丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)群落结构的空间变异,研究选取了汾河平原的14个麦田样点,采用Illumina测序平台检测了小麦根际土AMF的群落结构。结果表明：14个样点均有AMF的3科6属,其中球囊霉科(Glomeraceae)和近明球囊霉科(Claroideoglomeraceae)为优势科,球囊霉科中别的属类(Glomeraceae; other)和近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)为优势属;AMF各科属的相对丰富度从南向北沿纬度增加没有明显的变化规律;AMF群落的不相似性与地理距离不显著相关(P>0.05),而与土壤环境、气候环境的不相似性显著相关(P<0.05);土壤环境对AMF群落变异的单独贡献率最高,为34.5%,而气候环境、地理距离的单独贡献率均很低,分别为3.6%、0.4%;冗余分析显示,AMF群落变异主要与土壤变量如N/P、pH、Clay、AP显著相关(P<0.05),其中N/P对AMF群落变异的影响最大(解释率为23.4%)。研究表明,在纬度跨度较小的局域尺度上...     

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的主要植物群落类型和饲用植物

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘.具有中亚西部——哈萨克斯坦荒漠的典型气候特征,水平地带性植被是小半乔木、半灌木和小半灌木荒漠,盐生植物群落也有广泛发育。根据生态生物学特性和饲用价值,可作为家畜采食的饲用植物可分为小半乔木、沙旱生灌木、盐中生灌木、盐柴类半灌木和小半灌木、多汁盐柴类半灌木和小半灌木、蒿类、短命和类短命植物、多年生草类和一年生盐柴类植物等生态经济类群。从土地的利用角度出发,该区的植被及其饲用植物资源宜作为骆驼、山羊和三北羊等家畜的春秋和冬季放牧利用。     

抗黄瓜枯萎病丛枝菌根真菌与根围促生细菌组合菌剂的筛选

 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)同时接种具有促生防病的作用。本试验旨在评价AMF与PGPR组合菌剂防治黄瓜枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum )的效果,以获得高效生防菌剂。于温室盆栽条件下将AMF Funneliformis mosseae(Fm)、Glomus intraradices(Gi)和 Glomus versiforme(Gv)与PGPR菌株(PR2-1、PS1-3、PS1-5、PS2-6和PS3-2)不同组合菌剂处理黄瓜(Cucumis sativus, 品种:香翠16号),测定各处理对黄瓜植株生长量、枯萎病防治效果和黄瓜产量的影响。供试AMF+PGPR各组合菌剂处理能不同程度的增加黄瓜根系AMF侵染率和根围细菌的定殖数量、促进黄瓜生长发育和降低枯萎病危害程度。其中,以Fm+PS3-2和 Gv+PS2-6组合菌剂促生和增产效果最好, 以Fm+PS1-5、Fm+PS3-2和Gv+PS2-6组合菌剂防治枯萎病效果最好。综合评价筛选获得高效组合为Fm+PS3-2和Gv+PS2-6。这两个处理可使黄瓜枯萎病病情指数分别下降50.0%和58.4%,防效达到54.5%和63.7%,具有一定的田间应用潜力。     

Root characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings in response to water supplement in an arid region,northwestern China

The effect of variation in water supply on woody seedling growth in arid environments remain poorly known.The subshrub Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.(Leguminosae),distributed in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert,Xinjiang,northwestern China,has evolved deep roots and is exclusively dependent on groundwater,and performs a crucial role for the local ecological safety.In the Cele oasis,we studied the responses of A.sparsifolia seedling roots to water supplement at 10 and 14 weeks under three irrigation treatments(none water supply of 0 m3/m2(NW),middle water supply of 0.1 m3/m2(MW),and high water supply of 0.2 m3/m2(HW)).The results showed that the variations of soil water content(SWC) significantly influenced the root growth of A.sparsifolia seedlings.The leaf area,basal diameter and crown diameter were significantly higher in the HW treatment than in the other treatments.The biomass,root surface area(RSA),root depth and relative growth rate(RGR) of A.sparsifolia roots were all significantly higher in the NW treatment than in the HW and MW treatments at 10 weeks.However,these root parameters were significantly lower in the NW treatment than in the other treatments at 14 weeks.When SWC continued to decline as the experiment went on(until less than 8% gravimetric SWC),the seedlings still showed drought tolerance through morphological and physiological responses,but root growth suffered serious water stress compared to better water supply treatments.According to our study,keeping a minimum gravimetric SWC of 8% might be important for the growth and establishment of A.sparsifolia during the early growth stage.These results will not only enrich our knowledge of the responses of woody seedlings to various water availabilities,but also provide a new insight to successfully establish and manage A.sparsifolia in arid environments,further supporting the sustainable development of oases.     

疏叶骆驼刺幼苗根系生态学特性对水分处理的响应

通过人工壕沟挖掘法,对疏叶骆驼刺幼苗在不同水分条件下的根系生态学特性的季节变化进行研究.结果表明:①在土壤水分较好的环境中,疏叶骆驼刺幼苗大量拓展水平根,并产生分蘖植株竞争光照资源;而在土壤水分相对缺乏时垂直根系发达,向深层土壤拓展资源空间.根系形态的可塑性是疏叶骆驼刺幼苗获取水分适应干旱环境的重要策略之一.②根冠比随土壤水分的减少而增加,且在生长季后期这种趋势更加明显,增加根冠比是疏叶骆驼刺幼苗适应干旱的策略之一.③幼苗根系的扎根深度和垂直生长速度随着土壤水分的减少而增加.④根系生物量、根系表面积随土壤深度的增加而减小,并在垂直剖面上呈倒金字塔状分布.根系生物量形成过程符合Logistic"慢-快-慢"的S型生长曲线,总生物量随着土壤干旱程度的增加而降低.     

基于BSTEM模型的植被根系对塔里木河岸坡稳定性影响过程模拟

干旱地区的荒漠植被根系发达,其保持岸坡稳定和固土护堤的作用优为重要。在塔里木河流域选取红柳、芦苇和胡杨等典型荒漠植被根系,研究植被根系对塔里木河岸坡坡稳定性的影响,对于促进防治塔里木河水土流失和建设良好生态环境具有重要的现实和理论意义。文中以实测数据和水槽试验结果为基础,运用BSTEM模型,对植被根系对塔里木河岸坡坡稳定性的影响过程进行了模拟。结果表明:(1)在竖直、倾斜、相交三种布置方式下,红柳根系体积密度RVD为8%时,安全系数Fs分别为1.29、1.27及大于1.3,当根系体积密度在8%~28%时,岸坡安全系数全都大于1.3;芦苇和胡杨根系结果也类似,说明随着RVD增大,岸坡安全系数会增大,从而岸坡越稳定;(2)不同根系放置方式对岸坡稳定性影响不同,如RVD为8%时,红柳根系竖直、倾斜和相交放置的安全系数分别提高了33%、30.9%和40.2%,所以提高岸坡稳定性大小次序为:相交﹥竖直﹥倾斜;(3)从根系类型看,提高岸坡安全系数次序为:红柳﹥胡杨﹥芦苇;(4)与无根系相比,有植被根系岸坡稳定性均比无植被根系有一定程度增加,相同植被根系下相交放置提高岸坡安全系数最显著,相同布置方式下红柳根系提升岸坡稳定性最明显。     

Responses of root growth of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) to different simulated groundwater depths in the southern fringe of the Taklimakan Desert,China

Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. (Fabaceae) is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the distribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The ecological adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that: (1) A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% (the critical soil moisture point). (2) The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. (3) The decrease in groundwater depth was probably responsible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.     

策勒绿洲前沿两种植物的水分生理生态特征

20 0 3年夏季 ,在策勒绿洲前沿地区同一生境条件下 ,研究了骆驼刺 (Alhagisparsifolia)、多枝柽柳(Tamarixramosissima)水势和蒸腾作用的日变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明 :在相同土壤水分条件下 ,多枝柽柳的水势低于骆驼刺的水势。多枝柽柳的蒸腾作用与得到充分水分供应的植物一致 ,而骆驼刺则表现为中午限制供水的植物类型。多枝柽柳和骆驼刺气孔导度的变化是影响蒸腾速率最主要的因子 ,环境因子中气温、大气相对湿度与蒸腾速率的相关性最显著 ;有效光合辐射与水势的相关性最高。大气相对湿度与水势呈正相关 ,与蒸腾速率呈负相关。从两种植物表现出的水势和蒸腾作用的特点看 ,多枝柽柳较骆驼刺更适应所处的生境条件     

Optimal root system strategies for desert phreatophytic seedlings in the search for groundwater

Desert phreatophytes are greatly dependent on groundwater, but how their root systems adapt to different groundwater depths is poorly understood. In the present study, shoot and root growths of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. seedlings were studied across a gradient of groundwater depths. Leaves, stems and roots of different orders were measured after 120 days of different groundwater treatments. Results indicated that the depth of soil wetting front and the vertical distribution of soil water contents were highly controlled by groundwater depths. The shoot growth and biomass of A. sparsifolia decreased, but the root growth and rooting depth increased under deeper groundwater conditions. The higher ratios of root biomass, root/shoot and root length/leaf area under deeper groundwater conditions implied that seedlings of A. sparsifolia economized carbon cost on their shoot growths. The roots of A. sparsifolia distributed evenly around the soil wetting fronts under deeper groundwater conditions. Root diameters and root lengths of all orders were correlated with soil water availabilities both within and among treatments. Seedlings of A. sparsifolia produced finer first- and second-order roots but larger third- and fourth-order roots in dry soils. The results demonstrated that the root systems of desert phreatophytes can be optimized to acquire groundwater resources and maximize seedling growth by balancing the costs of carbon gain.     

干旱胁迫对沙芥幼苗根系形态及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以一年生沙芥幼苗根系为材料,采用盆栽试验,测定不同干旱处理下幼苗根系形态特性、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化系统等生理指标。结果表明,干旱胁迫下沙芥幼苗根系主根长、主根体积和根冠比随着胁迫天数的延长不断增加,重度胁迫时分别上升154.39%、90.69%和189.59%。幼苗根系活力在重度胁迫时下降51.22%,根系可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量在轻度和中度胁迫时上升,而重度胁迫时分别下降了1.65%、4.13%和11.84%。根系中的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸活性随着胁迫程度加剧不断上升,过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)先上升后下降。丙二醛(MDA)含量和根系质膜透性随着胁迫程度增加逐渐上升到255.74%和122.78%,复水3 d后轻度和中度胁迫下根系中的抗氧化保护系统和渗透调节物质均可恢复到对照水平,重度胁迫复水3 d后只能恢复到轻度胁迫水平,说明沙芥幼苗根系受到了一定程度的伤害。     

外源亚精胺对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片生理及根系特征参数的影响

采用营养液水培法,以两种不同耐旱类型玉米品种先玉335(抗旱性强)和丰禾1号(抗旱性弱)为试验材料,研究了利用20%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟的干旱胁迫下根施外源亚精胺(Spd,0.1 mmol/L)对玉米幼苗干(鲜)重、根系特征(根长、根表面积、根体积)、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量及细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明:正常条件下,外源Spd处理可显著提高两个玉米品种的干(鲜)重、株高、根长及根表面积,但对根体积、根平均直径、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量及细胞膜透性的影响较小。干旱胁迫下,外源Spd处理可显著提高玉米幼苗干(鲜)重、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量;增加根系数量,且随0~1.0 mm径级比例根系数量的增加,其根系长度增加幅度相应加大,随0.5~1.5 mm径级比例根系数量的增加,其根系表面积增加幅度相应加大;使玉米幼苗叶片细胞膜透性显著降低;对抗旱性弱的丰禾1号影响更为明显。因此,适宜浓度的外源Spd可以减轻干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗的伤害,并能更好地缓解干旱胁迫对抗旱性弱的玉米品种生长的抑制作用。     

Patterns, magnitude, and controlling factors of hydraulic redistribution of soil water by Tamarix ramosissima roots

Tamarix spp.(Saltcedar)is a facultative phreatophyte that can tolerate drought when groundwater is not accessed.In addition to deep water uptake,hydraulic redistribution(HR)is another factor contributing to the drought tolerance of Tamarix spp.In this study,data on soil volumetric moisture content(θ),lateral root sap flow,and relevant climate variables were used to investigate the patterns,magnitude,and controlling factors of HR of soil water by roots of Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.in an extremely arid land in Northwest China.Results showed evident diurnal fluctuations in θ at the depths of 30 and 50 cm,indicating "hydraulic lift"(HL).θ increased remarkably at 10 and 140 cm but decreased at 30 and 50 cm and slightly changed at 80 cm after rainfall,suggesting a possible "hydraulic descent"(HD).However,no direct evidence was observed in the negative flow of lateral roots,supporting HR(including HL and HD)of T.ramosissima.The HR pathway unlikely occurred via lateral roots;instead,HR possibly occurred through adventitious roots with a diameter of 2-5 mm and a length of 60-100 cm.HR at depths of 20-60 cm ranged from 0.01-1.77 mm/d with an average of 0.43 mm/d,which accounted for an average of 22% of the estimated seasonal total water depletion at 0-160 cm during the growing season.The climate factors,particularly vapor pressure deficit and soil water potential gradient,accounted for at least 33% and 45% of HR variations with depths and years,respectively.In summary,T.ramosissima can be added to the wide list of existing species involved in HR.High levels of HR may represent a considerable fraction of daily soil water depletion and substantially improve plant water status.HR could vary tremendously in terms of years and depths,and this variation could be attributed to climate factors and soil water potential gradient.     

磁化水对不同土壤水分下黄瓜幼苗生长、光合和养分吸收的影响

采用二因素二水平完全试验设计,研究了砂培条件下磁化处理（分别为0.3T磁场强度处理的磁化蒸馏水和蒸馏水处理）对不同土壤水分条件下（正常水分处理：田间持水量的80%~85%;干旱处理：田间持水量的40%~45%,于黄瓜4~5叶期维持7 d）黄瓜幼苗生长、水分关系、光合作用和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,磁化水浇灌显著降低黄瓜幼苗的生长和水分利用,其中茎粗、地上部生物量、根生物量、总生物量、根体积、根表面积、整株耗水量和整株水分利用效率分别降低6.7%、8.9%、19.1%、9.9%、22.1%、18.5%、6.2%和10.9%;磁化水浇灌导致黄瓜幼苗叶SPAD值降低了3.7%,叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率则分别增加了21.8%和17.5%,叶瞬时水分利用效率降低了17.7%,但对净光合速率影响不大;磁化水浇灌使PSII最大光化学效率和电子传递速率分别降低了5.2%和18.6%,同时增加叶片中K含量。除叶片K含量外,干旱条件下磁化水对黄瓜生长和生理代谢影响不大,表明磁化水的作用依赖于土壤水分条件。