赤水河主要经济鱼类重金属含量及风险评价

为了解赤水河鱼体重金属富集现状及其潜在的生态风险和食品安全,测定了赤水河茅台江段和赤水江段的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)和大口鲇(Silurus meriordinalis)肌肉和肝脏中的重金属含量。分别使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Cr和Mn的含量,原子荧光光度法测定As和Hg的含量。结果表明:大口鲇肌肉中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Cr和Hg的含量高于黄颡鱼和蛇鮈,3种鱼类肝脏中的重金属含量均高于肌肉。所有鱼体肌肉中的重金属含量均低于国家标准,但大口鲇肌肉中Pb和Cd的含量高于欧盟委员会标准。危害指数分析表明:赤水河野生鱼类食用的人体健康风险较小。重金属单因子污染指数的结果表明赤水河鱼体Pb和Cd的污染程度较高,赤水河存在潜在的重金属污染风险。     

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Nauplii of Artemia salina

Artemia salina cysts (San Francisco Bay Brand) were exposed in seawater containing multiple concentrations of either a single heavy metal (Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe) or combination of heavy metals. The heavy metal accumulation in Artemia nauplii increased linearly with an increase in the heavy metal concentration in water. The metals could be detected in nauplii exposed to a single heavy metal at dosages of 5 μg/L for Hg, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu; 25 μg/L for Cd and Cr; 50 μg/L for Co; 100 mUg/L for Ni; and 250 μg/L for Pb. Cysts exposed to several heavy metal combinations had minimum effective dosages equal to or lower than the single heavy metals- 5 μg/L for Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe; 25 μg/L for Cd and Ni; 50 μg/L for Co; and 250 μg/L for Pb. The accumulation of Cu, Ni and Co by Artemiu nauplii did not differ for animals exposed to single or combined heavy metal solutions. Cr, Zn and Pb had a synergistic effect of heavy metal uptake in combined heavy metal element solutions, however, Fe, Cd and Mn had an antagonistic effect.     

五种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性效应

在水温27.5℃、盐度29条件下,研究了Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的影响。结果表明:重金属在胚胎发育过程中引起各种畸形,如胚胎尾巴弯曲、初孵仔鱼不能出膜、胚胎死亡等;胚胎和初孵仔鱼上出现黑色颗粒,初孵仔鱼脊柱弯曲成L、V、S形或尾部没有展开呈逗号状,褶皱边缘被破坏等畸形。Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属均延迟胚胎发育速率。综合孵化率、胚胎畸形和仔鱼畸形率等指标得出5种重金属对胚胎的毒性大小依次为Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Pb2+>Cr6+。计算了5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼的LC50和安全浓度,得出5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼毒性大小顺序为:Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cr6+。     

Accumulation of heavy metals and total phosphorus in intensive aquatic farm sediments: comparison of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureu,Asian seabass Lates calcarifer and white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farms

This paper compares and discusses the accumulation of eight heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn) and total phosphorus (TP) in surface sediments from five intensive farms of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureu, Asian seabass Lates calcarifer and white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (n=75). Results indicate that the sediments were significantly contaminated by Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn and Zn as well as P. The mean concentrations of Cd (0.47 mg kg^?1), Co (2.25 mg kg^?1), Cu (31.56 mg kg^?1), Pb (23.45 mg kg^?1), Fe (1.15%), Mn (145.5 mg kg^?1), Zn (41.5 mg kg^?1) and TP (750.69 mg kg^?1) in tilapia farm surface sediments were significantly lower than the levels observed in Asian seabass and white shrimp farm surface sediments, where the concentrations were, respectively, Cd – 2.69 and 2.35 mg kg^?1, Co – 17.66 and 15.22 mg kg^?1, Cu – 116.84 and 110.03 mg kg^?1, Pb – 38.5 and 33.26 mg kg^?1, Fe – 3.4% and 3.31%, Mn – 853.61 and 728.5 mg kg^?1, Zn – 105.21 and 83.92 mg kg^?1 and TP – 1445.63 and 1069.8 mg kg^?1. The heavy metal content of the sediments follow the order: Asian sea bass>white shrimp>tilapia. Cadmium and Cu in Asian seabass and white shrimp farm sediments would pose a major potential risk. Further, the sediment is highly enriched by Fe, P, Mn and Co.     

Effects of conventional and organic feed on the mineral composition of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a widely consumed marine fish in Mediterranean areas, and different farming techniques are applied for fish culturing to satisfy the growing demand for seafood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional and organic feed on the quality of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) collected during the growth period. The concentrations of ash, moisture, essential macro‐elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P), micro‐elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, and Pb) were determined in feeds and in fillets of cultured fish. The results were compared to those obtained from wild sea bass. Results showed that the differences between organic diet‐fed and conventional diet‐fed sea basses varied in relation to the specific element measured and the growth period. The former showed higher concentration of Fe, Mg and Cr, and lower Na content. The amount of P, Na, Fe, Cu and Cr in wild sea bass was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that found in farmed fish. The levels of toxic elements in cultured sea bass were always within the allowed limit for fishery products. Wild samples had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher content of arsenic and lead than farmed sea bass. Cultured fish represent a valuable dietary source of essential macro‐ and micro‐elements. Controlled rearing systems and feedings were related to a decrease in the presence of some toxic metals in cultured fish compared with wild fish.     

长春市市售9种鱼类中重金属含量分析及健康风险评价

为了解长春市居民日常消费的9种鱼类的重金属污染水平并评估其健康风险,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)法对长春市出售的鲫(Carassius carassius)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)等9种鱼类中的Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn和Cu 5种重金属进行了检测。采用单因子污染指数法(Pi)、综合污染指数法(MPI)和目标危险系数法(THQ)对其污染程度及食用健康风险进行评价。Pi指数表明:Cu、Cd、Cr在各种鱼类中均未出现超标现象,而9种鱼类肌肉中Pb均呈现不同程度的污染,乌鳢(Channa argus)、鲶(Loricariidae)和黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)肌肉中的Pb呈重污染水平。MPI结果显示:不同食性鱼类重金属富集程度有差异,肉食性和杂食性鱼类重金属污染水平高于草食性鱼类。鱼类的单一和复合重金属健康风险指数均小于1,长春市市售鱼类食用安全性较好,对人群健康风险不明显。     

阿哈水库柱状沉积物中重金属分布特征及潜在生态危害风险评价

阿哈水库是贵阳市重要的饮用水源地,及时掌握其沉积物中重金属的污染现状和存在的潜在生态风险具有非常重要的现实意义。本文对阿哈水库库区4个采样点的柱状沉积物中重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)6种毒性重金属进行了检测分析。结果表明,6种重金属含量在空间分布上有显著差异。在水平方向上,库心沉积物中的Cu、Cr和Pb含量最高,南郊水厂取水口的Zn和Cd含量最高,金钟河和游鱼河入库口沉积物中的6种重金属含量都相对较低。垂直方向上,南郊水厂取水口和库中心这两个采样点中Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cd6种重金属峰值均出现在10-15 cm处。Zn、Cu和Pb平均含量都超过背景值,Cd富集系数最高,污染最严重。同时,潜在生态风险评价结果显示,水库沉积物重金属潜在生态危害风险从大到小依次为Cd,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn,Cr,Cd是生态风险贡献因子,阿哈水库沉积物重金属总体上还是存在轻微的生态危害风险及处于轻微的污染状态。     

三峡水库小江消落区土壤重金属时空分布与来源初步分析

2010年3-9月对小江流域消落区的5个断面的土壤重金属含量进行监测。结果表明,2010年小江流域消落区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe、Mn均值分别为28.90、72.73、23.58、20.70、35.58*103、517.14 mg/kg。土壤综合污染指数为0.73,污染等级处于警戒级。小江消落区土壤重金属含量沿程分布以高阳站点较低,黄石站点较高,且大部分重金属含量随高程升高总体呈现升高的趋势。时间分布上以3、7月各重金属均值含量较高。与2009年相比,2010年消落区土壤重金属Fe、Mn 、Zn含量有所降低,Cu、Pb含量有所增高。利用相关性分析和因子分析对5种重金属的相关性和来源进行解析的结果表明,Fe、Mn与其他重金属相关性显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而Cu、Pb之间也显著相关（P<0.01）,Cr与Fe、Mn之外的重金属的相关性都较弱,初步推断Fe, Mn, Zn属于“自然因子”类别元素,Cu、Pb属于“污染因子”类别元素。     

Capability of some agricultural wastes for removing some heavy metals from polluted water stocked in combination with Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Heavy metal (HM) pollution is one of the major problems that adversely affect the aquatic ecosystem and inhabiting biota. Heavy metals adsorption by low-cost adsorbents is one of the techniques used for HM removing from polluted water. In the present study, agricultural wastes (AW), i.e., rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and maize stalks, were washed with distilled water, dried in a dry-oven, cut into small pieces (<0.5 cm long), and immersed at 1.0 g/L in aquaria containing synthetic mixture of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), fingerlings (25.2 ± 0.88 g) were stocked at a density of ten fish per 100-L aquarium for 72 h, during which fish were fed on a fish diet containing 25% crude protein ad libitum twice daily. Samples of water, AW, and fish were collected at different times to determine HM concentrations. The HM removal from polluted water was depending on the type of the metal ions, AW, and the contact time. However, HM concentrations in aquaria waters of all AW treatments decreased significantly by increasing contact time up to 24 h after which their concentrations were almost the same. Concentrations of waterborne Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in AW-containing aquaria were significantly lower than those of AW-free aquaria. The presence of any AW reduced significantly HM concentrations. In AW-free aquaria, HM-exposed fish accumulated more HM in their body than those reared in AW-containing aquaria. The results of this experiment showed that all AW had the capability to remove HM levels from the polluted water and reduce their bioaccumulation in fish body. However, rice straw was the more efficient adsorbent for all metals.     

Effect of cage culture environment on farmed fish in terms of metal accumulation

Metal pressure under farm conditions was examined on the gill and muscle tissues of farmed Sparus aurata and compared with their wild counterparts (Sparus aurata, Trachurus trachurus, Mullus barbatus). Al, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn accumulation amounts in gill tissue of farmed fish were 28.821, 37.620, 0.136, 0.300, 3.730, 2.441, 3.222, 2.474 and 127.494 mg/kg respectively. Among them, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb concentrations in gill tissue of farmed fish were higher than that in wild fishes. Metal depositions in muscle tissue of farmed fish were far below that in the gill tissue. The accumulated Al (6.700 mg/kg) in the muscle tissue of farmed fish was higher than in wild ones. The results showed that metal accumulation levels (especially Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb) in the gill tissue of farmed fish indicate metal pressure under captive conditions. Furthermore, the calculated hazard index (HI) and total hazard index (THI) of the considered elements in the edible part of farmed fish were below the level considered safe, which elucidates that farmed fish do not pose any threat to the human consumer in terms of metal toxicity.     

微山湖水域重金属分布特征及水质评价

2010年4月对山东微山湖6种重金属分布特征进行研究,结果表明,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cd平均含量分别为0.035 9、0.148 0、0.112 0、0.038 0、0.040 0、0.003 7 mg/L;总体表现为运河区>河口区>养殖区。相关分析表明,6种重金属含量具有较强的相关性。逐步回归分析发现,不同重金属受总悬浮物、有机悬浮物、无机悬浮物的影响程度存在较大差异。对微山湖重金属污染现状进行分析表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr平均超标倍数分别为2.59、1.35、0.61、0.07、0.02、0倍;超标率分别为100%、60%、70%、20%、20%、0;微山湖重金属污染达到重度污染水平,Cu、Pb为主要的污染元素。     

大连沿海虾夷扇贝体内重金属含量研究与质量评价

用微波消解对大连沿海虾夷扇贝样品进行处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定虾夷扇贝不同组织中重金属Pd、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn的含量,同时对重金属含量进行质量评价。试验结果表明,Pd、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn在不同海域虾夷扇贝中的含量相差较大,6种重金属的平均含量分别为0.488、2.924、0.047、1.394、2.152、36.08mg/kg,即ZnCdCuCrPbHg。虾夷扇贝不同组织蓄积重金属具有明显的差异性,闭壳肌中重金属Cd、Cu的含量显著低于其他组织,Zn的含量却高于内脏团,不同组织对Cr的蓄积程度差异较小。调查发现,虾夷扇贝中重金属Cd的含量较高,尤其内脏部分远超过我国无公害水产品中有毒有害物质限量,建议食用虾夷扇贝时去除内脏团。     

长江口南支表层沉积物重金属含量、空间分布与生态风险评价

为探究长江口南支水域表层沉积物重金属元素含量和空间分布变化,分析测定了研究区域2018—2022年表层沉积物中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)及砷(As)的含量,并借助地统计学空间分析方法,对研究区域的重金属元素含量进行变异分析和空间分布模拟。结果显示：Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、As、Cd、Hg的含量变化范围分别是23.539～101.955 mg/kg、14.390～88.672 mg/kg、3.325～40.441 mg/kg、7.788～26.145 mg/kg、5.035～12.610 mg/kg、0.072～0.436 mg/kg、0.004～0.171 mg/kg, 2021年重金属元素含量明显高于其他年度,元素空间相关性年际变化较大。Cu、Zn、As高值区主要分布在研究区域的下游,Cd高值区主要分布在中游,Cr高值区主要分布由下游变为中游,Pb高值区主要分布由下游变为中、下游。重金属生态风险表现为Hg生态风险等级上升,Cu中等生态风险持续存在且范围扩大,Cr中等生态风险间歇性出现。     

Experimental insight of trace metal environmental pollution problems in mussel farming

A survey was made on the content of nine trace metals in waters of 12 predetermined coastal stations in the Island of Penang, Malaysia, with the object of establishing mussel culture farms in the near future. The results indicated low concentrations of these trace elements except for Cr and Ni, which ranged from trace level to 35 ppm and BDL (below detectable level) to 2.07 ppm, respectively. These values are slightly above the upper limits (Cr, 0.05 and Ni, 1.0 ppm) set by the national Division of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, under the Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations 1978.Investigations on tissue level bioaccumulated trace metal contents in mussel from an experimental culture farm indicated BDL values for As in all tissues, Cd highest in the intestines and stomach (6.24 ppm), Co in the mantle (59.85 ppm), Cr in the siphon (1869.85 ppm), Cu in the mantle (23.94 ppm), Fe in the intestines and stomach (218.82 ppm), Mn in the style (365.28 ppm), Ni in the mantle (23.94 ppm), Pb in the mantle (279.3 ppm) and Zn in the style (152.2 ppm). However, culture experiments at 10 ppm concentration stresses of the different trace elements over a 48-h period did not result in a similar tendency in tissue bioconcentration, except for Cd (378.35 ppm) and Fe (419.66 ppm) in the intestine and stomach, and Mn (748.5 ppm) in the style. Co was highest in the style (187.35 ppm), Cr in the gill (2924.91 ppm), Cu in the gill (457.22 ppm), Ni in the intestines and stomach (222.44 ppm), Pb in the gill (1897.2 ppm), and Zn in the mantle (1077.73 ppm).Short-term stress studies over a 48-h period with trace metal concentrations ranging between 10 and 300 ppm indicated the patterns of biodeposition for Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, Mn and Zn to be closely related even though their toxicity levels varied. Cu indicated a bioaccumulation maximum after 12 h of incubation followed by a regulatory mechanism, while Fe and Ni demonstrated a drastic spiked absorption after 6 h exposure followed by the normal trend of biodeposition as observable for the other trace metals. The biodeposition factors at most instances, were highest for the 10 ppm concentration cultures of 48 h.     

Differential tissue accumulation of arsenic and heavy metals from diets in three edible fish species

Three different commercial fish species Odontesthes bonariensis, Rhamdia quelen and Oreochromis niloticus and fish feed were collected from four aquaculture farms. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and arsenic concentration were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) in muscle, liver, gonad, skin, scale and fat from fish and in feed diets. Arsenic concentration was found in different tissues differing between species and within O. bonariensis. Cd was differentially accumulated in liver in O. bonariensis and R. quelen; however, in O. niloticus Cd was found in muscle and scales. Higher concentrations of Cr were determined in skin and scales of O. bonariensis and O. niloticus. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found in all tissues being Cu and Fe concentrations higher in liver. Mn was differentially accumulated in O. bonariensis scales, however in R. quelen no significant differences were found and in O. niloticus liver was the main accumulation tissue. Zn concentration was higher in gonad, skin and liver from R. quelen and O. bonariensis, and in O. niloticus the highest concentration was found in scales. All the results were below the international limits for food safety except for the concentration of Cd in muscle and scales of O. niloticus.     

三峡库区及上游表层沉积物重金属形态特征及其生态风险

研究三峡库区表层沉积物中重金属形态特征及其潜在生态风险,为制定库区重金属污染防治措施提供基础资料。2020年11月,在三峡库区流水区合江江段、回水区江津江段、静水区巴南江段和长寿江段采集21个沉积物样品,通过连续提取法对重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg总量及形态特征进行分析。结果显示:三峡库区研究江段沉积物重金属平均含量Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg,其中Cu、Pb和Cd的含量高于长江流域沉积物重金属背景值,静水区江段重金属含量最高;重金属形态占比具有明显差异,研究江段Pb的铁锰结合态占比高达34.99%~43.17%,Cd的离子交换态含量最高,其在合江、江津、巴南和长寿江段沉积物重金属形态总和中的占比分别为17.41%、16.65%、20.56%和18.88%,而As、Hg、Cu和Cr的残渣态含量较高,其中Hg和Cr的残渣态占比分别超过了80%和88%;研究江段沉积物中重金属污染负荷指数PLI值和潜在生态风险指数RI值分别为0.90~1.61和112.49~245.03,其中静水区江段指数值较高。综合结果表明,静水区江段沉积物重金属污染较严重,总体处于中等污染水平,Cd和Pb是主要贡献者,其中Cd具有较大的生物可利用性和潜在生态风险。     

长江朱杨江段几种鱼类体内重金属铅、镉和铬含量的研究

2010年7-10月和2011年4月在长江干流朱杨江段采集8种鱼样本,其中瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vach-elli)、鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、鲇(Silus asotus)、圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus)、大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)和鲫鱼(Cyprinus auratus)等6种鱼的3龄样本4～8尾,铜鱼1～4龄样本32尾,圆口铜鱼1～3龄样本38尾。对各样本体内铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)的含量进行了检测。结果显示,所有鱼体样本体内均检测到存在这3种重金属离子。其中3龄组鱼体内Pb的平均含量为(1.885～2.731)μg/g,Cd的平均含量为(0.107～0.236)μg/g,Cr的平均含量为(0.514～0.918)μg/g。8种鱼类体内所含Pb和Cd均超过我国食品安全标准,而Cr含量均未超标。对铜鱼和圆口铜鱼不同年龄组间的Pb、Cd和Cr含量进行了比较。Pb在铜鱼3龄组体内的含量与2龄组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于1龄组(P<0.05);2龄组和1龄组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Pb在圆口铜鱼3龄组的含量显著高于2龄和1龄组(P<0.05),但2龄和1龄组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Cd和Cr在两种鱼各自不同年龄组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。回归分析显示,Pb在铜鱼和圆口铜鱼体内的含量与体长或体重均存在着极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),Cd的含量与体长或体重之间仅在圆口铜鱼中存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05);而在这两种鱼中Cr的含量与体长或体重之间的相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。结果显示,长江朱杨江段该8种鱼体均受到重金属Pb和Cd污染;Pb在铜鱼和圆口铜鱼体内的含量表现出了随年龄增长而增加的生物积累作用,Cd仅在圆口铜鱼中表现出了与年龄相关的生物累积作用。     

成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的重金属含量及其评价

采用原子吸收法测定了瘤背石磺栖息地(崇明北支芦苇滩涂)的水质、土壤及成体瘤背石磺不同组织中的各项重金属含量,并与相应的国家标准进行了比较。结果表明:瘤背石磺栖息地的水质和土壤基本符合相应的国家标准,仅土壤中的Cu和Zn含量略超过国家标准《土壤环境质量标准》,污染指数分别为1.39和1.09。瘤背石磺肝胰腺中积累了较多的Cu、Zn和Fe,含量分别高达314.33、258.33和192.40μg/g组织湿重,两性腺中的Zn含量为309.33μg/g组织湿重,显著高于其它组织(P<0.05),肌肉和卵黄腺中的重金属含量均较低。除Cd含量外,瘤背石磺肌肉中的其它重金属含量均符合国家标准《农产品安全质量:无公害水产品安全要求》中的规定要求,但是肌肉中Cd含量远低于CAC标准(国际食品法典委员会标准)规定的2.0μg/g湿重。     

湄洲湾牡蛎体重金属和石油烃的含量及评价

本文利用1998年4月和8月据湄湾环境调查资料,分析了牡蛎体重金属和石油烃的含量及分布。结果表明:湄洲湾福建炼油厂码头(上西)附近海域,牡蛎体重金属和石油烃的含量明显高于湾内其他养殖区。Cu、Cd、Zn 和石油烃的含量分布呈湾西岸水域>湾东岸水域>湾口水域。牡蛎体Cu污染指数的范围和平均值分别为0.17-0.88和0.30,属微污染到轻污染水平。Pb、Cd、Zn污染指数的范围和平均值分别为0.008-0.09、0.06-0.24、0.03-0.13和0.05、0.13、0.08,总体上属清洁水平。     

夏季渤海中部表层沉积物重金属空间分布及污染评价

为了解渤海中部海域沉积物中重金属的污染状况,于2013年8月采集了渤海中部海域34个站点的表层沉积物,检测了Pb、Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn和As 6种重金属的含量,分析了Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn 4种重金属的空间分布特征,采用污染指数法和潜在生态风险评价法对其表层沉积物重金属污染状况进行评价。结果显示,渤海中部海域表层沉积物重金属含量较低,符合海洋沉积物质量(GB 18668-2002)Ⅰ类标准的要求。表层沉积物重金属的空间分布总体呈现由近岸向中心海域降低的趋势。Cu、Zn和Pb含量空间变化趋势比较明显,靠近渤海湾海域重金属含量高,离岸距离越远,重金属含量逐渐降低。Cd含量在靠近黄河入海海域最高,呈现自高值区向东西两边海域减小的趋势。各个站位的重金属单因子污染程度较轻,单因子污染系数均值大小顺序为PbCuZnAsCdHg;重金属综合污染指数都小于5,表现为低污染水平。除1号站位的Hg单因子潜在生态风险系数为54.44之外,其他站位表层沉积物Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的单因子潜在生态风险系数Eir小于40,范围为0.39～38.80,风险程度由高到低依次为Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu和Zn;其综合潜在生态风险系数小于150,范围为16.39～79.57。其中,1号站位综合潜在生态风险系数最高达到79.57。研究表明,此海域属于低潜在生态风险水平,风险指数高值区出现在唐山大清河口海域。