长根菇与鸡菌属间不对称融合后代特性研究

以长根菇和鸡Zong菌为亲本进行属间不对称融合研究，从原生质体再生菌株中得到能够双核化的单核无锁状联合的菌株20株。栽培结果显示，这类菌株不能形成子实体，且菌株间菌丝的生长差异显著。但在特定的培养条件下，单核菌株均可双核化形成双核菌株，双核菌株具有出菇能力，菌株间子实体颜色，菌柄着生方式及菌丝生长速度等与亲本有明显的差异。     

长根菇与鸡從菌属间不对称融合后代特性研究

以长根菇和鸡菌为亲本进行属间不对称融合研究 ,从原生质体再生菌株中得到能够双核化的单核无锁状联合的菌株 2 0株。栽培结果显示 ,这类菌株不能形成子实体 ,且菌株间菌丝的生长差异显著。但在特定的培养条件下 ,单核菌株均可双核化形成双核菌株 ,双核菌株具有出菇能力 ,菌株间子实体颜色、菌柄着生方式及菌丝生长速度等与亲本有明显的差异     

糙皮侧耳杂交后代遗传多样性分析

以糙皮侧耳Pleurotus ostreatus白色菌株P1和深灰色菌株P2为亲本,通过单孢菌株配对杂交获得40个杂交组合。出菇记录杂交后代子实体颜色,提取42个样本的全基因组DNA,用ISSR进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:6条ISSR引物共扩增出45条带,其中多态性条带34条,多态性比率为75.56%,有效等位基因数为Ne=1.4858,遗传多样性指数H=0.2725,香农信息指数I=0.4021。聚类分析后发现,在0.6889水平上聚为4类,聚类结果与子实体颜色关系不大,表明糙皮侧耳杂交后代存在丰富的遗传变异。分类结果将有利于更好的利用这些丰富的育种资源。     

双环林地蘑菇的生物学特性和栽培特性

双环林地蘑菇菌丝无锁状联合。菌丝生长温度10-40℃，最适20-25℃；PH4.5-13，最适6-8.5；培养料含水量45%-75%菌丝均可生长，最适68%-73%；最适C源是淀粉、蔗糖、纤维素；最适氮源是酵母粉、干酪素、硫酸铵、硝酸铵；麦芽、松针、干糙皮侧耳子实体、小麦、牛粪的热水提取液可促进菌丝生长。双环林地蘑菇子实体形成温度20-35℃，最适24-30℃，子实体形成期最适宜的空气相对湿度70%-85%。     

金针菇杂合菌株子实体颜色遗传分析

将可以单核出菇的黄色单核体与不同白色单核体配对杂交获得双核体,通过控制栽培条件和环境,观察不同组合杂交菌株在相同环境中的子实体的颜色,同时测量双核子实体菌柄基部深色部分占整个菌柄的比例,结果发现不同的黄色单核和同样白色单核组成的双核子实体颜色表达中存在着差异,且不同的白色核对颜色表达的贡献不同,证实了白色金针菇单核体中也存在着不同的等位基因,金针菇双核子实体的颜色受到两个亲本核的共同调控。     

不同细胞质的金针菇菌丝差异蛋白分析

以黄色金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)单核菌株Y33和白色金针菇单核菌株W8为供试菌株,采用双向核迁移技术,获得一对具有相同细胞核、不同细胞质的双核菌株Y8-33和W8-33(简称异质双核菌株)。采用菌落形态观察、显微镜检查与分子标记对这两个双核菌株进行验证分析,并以菌株W8-33菌丝样品为对照,采用双向凝胶电泳技术对金针菇异质双核菌株菌丝的蛋白质组进行分析。结果表明:异质双核菌株Y8-33和W8-33菌丝均具有锁状联合结构,在菌落形态上呈现明显差异,但ISSR分子标记的PCR扩增产物具有很高的相似性。在Y8-33菌丝样品中共鉴定出17个差异蛋白,包括8个上调蛋白、9个下调蛋白;其中,14-3-3蛋白、微管蛋白、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、果糖二磷酸醛缩酶、ARF/SAR蛋白家族以及热激蛋白HSP90、HSP70和HSS1差异蛋白可能在由于受体细胞不同所导致的不同细胞质环境下,对金针菇的生长生理起到重要的调控作用。     

金针菇与凤尾菇科间原生质体融合研究

金针菇与凤尾菇皆属四极生异宗结合食用菌,其双核异核体菌株都具有锁关联合遗传标记本研究以金针菇和凤尾菇的双核异核菌株为亲本,将热灭活的凤尾菇原生质体,以ＰＥＧ为融合剂,在高下,高ＰＨ值条件下,与金针菇原生质体融合,结果从１３２９个再生菌株中选择出６株双亲细胞质和细胞核都融合的无锁状联合菌株,经融合核分裂技术处理后,融合核分裂成为具有锁状联合的双核菌株。     

四种杀菌剂对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长和子实体产量的影响及控制霉菌污染的效果

研究了多菌灵、氢氧化铜、代森锰锌和百菌清4种杀菌剂对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长和子实体产量的影响及控制霉菌污染的效果。结果表明，不同种类杀菌剂及同一种杀菌剂不同使用浓度对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长、产量及霉菌污染程度的影响存在显著差异。其中以0.667g/L～0.883g/L的氢氧化铜对糙皮侧耳菌丝生长的抑制作用最小，抑制率小于6%，与对照无显著差异，并能完全控制霉菌的污染，使生料块栽糙皮侧耳的产量提高30%～40%，氢氧化铜有望在糙皮侧耳生料栽培中推广使用。     

灵芝与糙皮侧耳原生质体融合子生物学特性的初步研究

以获得弱木栓质化灵芝菌株为目的，利用液体培养4d的灵芝菌丝体和液体培养3d的糙皮侧耳菌丝体为材料，在PEG-Ca^2 系统中诱导原生质体融合，获得初筛融合子19株(F1～F19)。其中，融合子F8的菌丝生长速度和生物量均接近糙皮侧耳，显微镜下，其菌丝体与灵芝和糙皮侧耳的均不相同，木栓质化程度大于糙皮侧耳，小于灵芝。     

平菇杂交菌株选育

采用单单交配的方法,对两个不同温型平菇亲本菌株(白色高温型菌株和灰黑色中低温型菌株)的单核菌丝体进行随机组合交配,共获得209个杂交组合;杂交后代菌株在子实体颜色、菌丝生长速度、出菇期、子实体性状和产量方面表现出不同程度的性状分化;黑色亲本菌株与白色亲本菌株杂交后代子实体颜色介于两亲本之间,表现为灰色,出菇期延长,杂交后代菌株的菌丝生长速度和产量均无相关性。     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.