小麦条锈菌中国鉴别寄主维尔中抗条锈病基因YrVir1的微卫星标记

【目的】明确中国小麦条锈菌重要鉴别寄主维尔的抗条锈病基因及其遗传特点,建立与其连锁的微卫星标记,将病菌小种监测和抗病性分析提高到基因水平。【方法】由维尔为基因供体转育而成的含有小麦重要抗条锈基因YrVir1的近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrVir1,用小麦条锈菌单胞菌系2E16对近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrVir1、轮回亲本Taichung29及其杂交后代进行遗传分析;选用YrVir1所在2B染色体上的141对引物对近等基因系和轮回亲本的基因组DNA进行SSR分析。【结果】近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrVir1对2E16的抗病性由1对显性基因控制;引物Xbarc349在近等基因系与轮回亲本间稳定扩增出特异性DNA片段,同时在近等基因系和基因供体维尔间存在相同扩增片段,经F2代群体200个抗、感单株检测证实,Xbarc349标记位点与抗条锈病基因YrVir1连锁,遗传距离为4.2 cm。【结论】Xbarc349引物扩增出的特异性DNA片段可作为抗条锈病基因YrVir1的SSR标记;根据小麦SSR遗传图谱,将YrVir1基因定位在小麦2B染色体上。     

小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主Lee中抗性基因Yr7的微卫星标记

【目的】对近等基因系Taichung29*6/Lee对条锈菌（PST）菌系CYR27的抗性谱进行遗传分析，并运用微卫星技术对近等基因系Taichung29*6/Lee中的抗条锈性基因进行标记。【方法】将Taichung29*6/Lee 与Taichung29杂交、自交和测交并对双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定。采用SSR技术，利用抗性供体Lee中含有目的基因Yr7的小麦抗条锈病近等基因系Taichung29*6/Lee，选用Yr7所在的2B染色体上88 对和Yr22、Yr23所在4D、6D染色体上22对SSR引物，对供试的Taichung29*6/Lee、Taichung29和Lee基因组DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳分析。【结果】根据F2分离群体的抗感单株分离比例，确定Taichung29*6/Lee对CYR27菌系的抗性为1个显性基因，2B染色体上的Xgwms526引物扩增出多态性谱带为Xgwms526/212bp和Xgwms526/216bp，并证明其DNA片段位点与抗条锈基因Yr7存在遗传连锁关系；用标记Xgwms526扩增F2作图群体的单株DNA，在75株抗病单株中，有22株扩增出A型带（Xgwm526-212bp），51株扩增出H型带（Xgwm526-212bp和Xgwm526-216），2株扩增出B型带（Xgwm526-216）；在31株感病株中，有4株扩增出H型带，27株扩增出B型带。【结论】通过Map Manager QTX 17b软件计算，确定Xgwm526标记位点与Yr7基因位点的遗传距离为5.3cM，标准差为2.3，LOD值为18.4。该标记Xgwm526可作为Yr7基因的SSR标记利用。     

小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr24的TRAP分析

 【目的】获得与Lr24基因紧密连锁并可能作为探针的TRAP分子标记。【方法】应用TRAP技术,选用90对引物组合对小麦抗叶锈病基因Lr24、感病亲本Thatcher及其F2代抗感各10株组成的抗、感基因池（Br、Bs）的扩增带型差异进行分析,用筛选获得的多态性引物对TcLr24×Thatcher F2群体进一步筛选,进而用获得的特异引物对45个小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系和30个小麦二倍体材料进行分析。【结果】获得10对能够在TcLr24、Br与Thatcher、Bs间产生多态性的引物,多态性引物检出率为11.11%。其中1对在F2抗感群体中有差异且稳定扩增的TRAP引物ARBI1/RGA-2F,其161bp 扩增产物仅在F2抗病单株中出现,感病单株中缺失。用该引物对45个近等基因系和30个二倍体材料检测发现,近等基因系TcLr19、TcLr29、TcLr38、Lr42和TcLr44中有相同大小片段的扩增产物,30个二倍体材料中未出现相应扩增产物。【结论】本研究获得的一个与Lr24紧密连锁的TRAP标记,该标记可筛选含有Lr24基因的育种后代群体,可作为探针用于文库的筛选。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4的STS标记

根据与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4a共分离的RFLP探针BCD1231的序列设计引物,以含小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4b的小麦近等基因系VPM/7*百农3217、抗病亲本VPM和轮回亲本百农3217为材料进行PCR扩增,结果在抗病池与VPM中扩增出一条约为410bp大小的特异带STS410,而在百农3217中无此特异PCR扩增带.进一步对144株VPM/7*百农3217的F2分离群体进行遗传连锁分析,估算出该PCR标记STS410与抗病基因Pm4b的遗传距离为3.0cM.用设计的这对STS-PCR引物对8个感病品种和17个含Pm基因的抗病亲本进行PCR扩增,结果发现:STS410只出现在含有Pm4基因的材料中.因此,PCR标记STS410可方便地用于小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4的分子标记辅助选择育种.     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4的STS标记

根据与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4a共分离的RFLP探针BCD1231的序列设计引物,以含小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4b的小麦近等基因系VPM／7百农3217、抗病亲本VPM和轮回亲本百农3217为材料进行PCR扩增,结果在抗病池与VPM中扩增出一条约为410bp大小的特异带STS410,而在百农3217中无此特异PCR扩增带。进一步对144株VPM／7^*百农3217的F2分离群体进行遗传连锁分析,估算出该PCR标记STS410与抗病基因Pm4b的遗传距离为3.0cM。用设计这对STS－PCR引物对8个感病品种和17个含Pm基因的抗病亲本进行PCR扩增,结果发现：STS410只出现在含有Pm4基因的材料中。因此,PCR标记STS410可方便地用于小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4的分子标记辅助选择育种。     

小麦NBS-LRR类抗病基因类似片段分离和定位

【目的】利用同源序列法分离小麦NBS-LRR类抗病基因类似片段,并验证其与小麦抗条锈病基因Yr26之间的关系。【方法】根据已克隆R（抗病）基因的保守结构域（NBS-LRR）设计简并引物,采用巢式PCR（Nested PCR）技术对小麦Yr26近等基因系材料Nan137的基因组DNA进行扩增;同时利用中国春缺失系对获得的抗病基因类似片段进行染色体定位分析,利用Yr26载体品种92R137和感病品种Avcoet S（AvS）创制的F2:3后代群体验证获得的片段与小麦抗条锈病基因Yr26的关系。【结果】通过巢式PCR方法,获得了4个通读的小麦抗病基因NBS-LRR 类抗病基因同源片段R105、R181、R326和R405,长度分别为369、589、528、618 bp;这4个片段均具有典型的NBS-LRR类的保守结构域,其核苷酸相似性为24.35%—38.36%。中国春缺失系定位结果显示片段R405被定位于Yr26所在的小麦缺失系C-1BL-6-0.32区段内,同时通过含196个单株的小群体检测结果表明该片段与Yr26共分离。【结论】从小麦近等基因系材料Nan137中获得了4个RGAs片段,其中片段R405可能是小麦抗条锈病基因Yr26的候选片段,但需进一步验证该候选片段的真实性。     

A-3中抗条锈新基因YrTp1和YrTp2的分子标记定位分析

【目的】半个多世纪的中国小麦育种史基本是育种家与条锈病的赛跑史。因此，筛选、鉴定、储备和利用新抗源是我国育种和资源研究中的一个长远战略性课题。【方法】利用小麦条锈菌条中31、32号生理小种，对来自小麦与十倍体长穗偃麦草［Thinopyrum ponticum (Host) Liu & Wang］的杂交后代材料A-3进行抗性遗传分析。用荧光SSR分子标记技术，鉴定所携带抗条锈病基因是否为新基因，并对其进行染色体定位研究。【结果】遗传分析表明，A-3对条中31号和32号的抗性由一显一隐2对基因控制。经过对196对微卫星引物的筛选，发现2B染色体短臂上的WMC477-167bp与显性基因紧密连锁，遗传距离为0.4 cM,将该显性基因定位于2BS上；7B染色体短臂上的WMC364-208bp与隐性基因连锁，遗传距离为5.8 cM。图位比较、系谱分析和抗谱分析表明，A-3所含抗条锈基因不同于已知抗条锈基因，暂定名为YrTp1和YrTp2。【结论】可利用A-3中与条锈病抗性紧密连锁的分子标记YrTp1和YrTp2将抗性基因转移到主栽品种中，在小麦育种和生产上发挥作用。     

小麦抗叶锈近等基因系TcLr38的SRAP-SSR(eSSR)分析

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr38在我国高抗叶锈病,直到目前该基因的分子标记开发较少,开发其分子标记对于该基因的研究与利用具有重要意义。利用594对SRAP-SSR(eSSR)引物组合对以Thatcher为背景小麦抗叶锈近等基因系材料TcLr38和Thatcher进行PCR扩增。引物组合ARBI8-Xcwem8R和ARBI2-Xgwm497F在TcLr38中分别扩增出300和400bp多态性条带。利用47个小麦抗叶锈近等基因系进一步检测,引物ARBI8-Xcwem8R仅在TcLr38中扩增出特异条带。经TcLr38×Thatcher F2代分离群体验证,该标记与Lr38遗传距离较远。对该片段克隆测序,片段长度为277bp,BLAST比对与GenBank中所收录序列无相似性,该片段为与Lr38相关的新的序列。     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr37 ISSR分子标记的初步研究

利用ISSR(内部简单重复序列)技术对感病品种Thatcher及20个以Thatcher为轮回亲本的小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系进行分析,找到1个与Lr37基因连锁的ISSR标记。经过多次重复发现,在一套ISSR引物中,引物UBC812在小麦抗叶锈基因Lr37近等基因系间表现多态性。当用这个引物对已知含Lr37基因的3个抗病材料及其它不含Lr37基因的感病材料进行检测时,多态性标记UBC812-1200可以从3个含Lr37基因的抗病材料中检测到1条1200bp的多态性带,而在其它感病材料中均未出现。     

小麦抗叶锈基因Lr38的一个新标记

【目的】建立小麦抗叶锈近等基因系材料TcLr38特异的PCR标记。【方法】以Thatcher为对照,以TcLr38和TcLr38×Thatcher F2代单株构建的分离群体为材料,利用TcLr38远缘亲本中间偃麦草特异的SCAR标记引物进行PCR扩增获得单一条带,并以50个小麦抗叶锈近等基因系材料对该标记特异性进行检测,Mapmaker 3.0软件计算该标记与Lr38的遗传连锁距离。【结果】中间偃麦草特异的SCAR标记引物在TcLr38中获得单一扩增片段大小为982 bp,50个小麦抗叶锈近等基因系检测表明为TcLr38的特有条带,F2代分离群体验证表明为与Lr38共分离的分子标记,命名为Y38SCAR982。【结论】Y38SCAR982可以作为Lr38的分子标记,并证实该基因由中间偃麦草向普通小麦转移的事实。     

簇毛麦易位系V9125-2抗条锈基因YrWV的遗传分析和SSR分子标记

[目的]对高抗条锈病的簇毛麦易位系V9125-2进行研究,明确其抗病性遗传特点,并对其抗条锈病基因定位,为选育优质抗源材料提供依据.[方法]采用中国当前流行的7个条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及Su11-4、Su11-11对簇毛麦易位系V9125-2和铭贤169的杂交后代进行...     

Molecular Mapping of Two Novel Stripe Rust Resistant Genes YrTp1 and YrTp2 in A-3 Derived from Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum ponticum

Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) is an important factor causing massive periodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of rust pathogen have led to serious crisis of resistance loss in widely planted varieties. This has quickened the search for new resistance resources.Molecular marker could facilitate the identification of the location of novel genes. A line A-3 with high resistance(immune) to currently epidemic yellow rust races (CY29, 31, 32) was screened out in offspring of Triticum aestivum ×Thinopyrum ponticum. Segregation in F2 and BC1 populations indicated that the resistance was controlled by two independent genes: one dominant and one recessive. SSR markers were employed to map the two resistant genes in the F2 and BC1 populations. A marker WMC477-167bp located on 2BS was linked to the dominant gene with genetic distance of 0.4 cM. Another marker WMC364-208bp located on 7BS was linked to the recessive-resistant gene with genetic distance of 5.8 cM. The two genes identified in this paper might be two novel stripe rust resistant genes, which were temporarily designated as YrTpl and YrTp2, respectively. The tightly linking markers facilitate transfer of the two resistant genes into the new varieties to control epidemic of yellow rust.     

关中主要小麦品种抗条锈病鉴定及抗病品种遗传多样性分析

采用条锈病优势小种条中33（CYR33）对陕西关中地区小麦主要品种进行苗期抗病性鉴定,并采用SSR分子标记对抗病品种进行遗传多样性分析,以期了解陕西抗条锈品种的遗传多样性,为深入发掘优异的抗性基因资源及利用这些抗性基因,培育优良抗条锈新品种奠定基础。结果表明,在94个小麦品种中,对目前条锈病优势小种CYR33具有抗性的品种有24个,占25.5%。24个抗条锈小麦品种材料的遗传相似系数(GS)平均值为0.590,其变辐为0.338～0.824。这些结果说明,陕西关中地区的小麦抗条锈病品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性。     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdm116, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL. Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

Genetics and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrShan515in Chinese Wheat Cultivar Shan 515

Stripe rust is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. To identify new resistance genes is significant in wheat breeding. In this study, stripe rust resistance of a Chinese cultivar Shah 515 was tested with Chinese predominant races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in the seedling stage, and genetic analysis and simple sequence repeats (SSR) technique were used to identify the inheritance model of seedling stripe rust resistance in cultivar Shan 515 and to mark the sites of resistance gene(s) on chromosome. The genetic analysis indicated that the resistance of Shan 515 against Su 11-4 was conferred by a single dominant gene, which was temporarily designated as YrShan515. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and SSR markers, 12 SSR markers (Xwmc335, Xwmc696, Xwmc476, Xbarc267, Xgwm333, Xwmc653, Xwmc396,Xgwm213, Xgwm112, Xgwm274, Xcfd22, Xgwm131, and Xwmc517) located on wheat chromosome 7BL were linked to YrShan515 with genetic distance ranging from 3 to 24 eM. Based on the previously published genetic map and Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic analysis, YrShan515 was located on wheat chromosome 7BL. Polymorphism of wheat cuitivars collected from Huanghuai wheat grown regions were screened with two markers, Xwmc653 and Xbarc267, and all of these wheat cultivars tested did not present the polymorphic bands as Shan 515 did. Therefore, it suggested that YrShan515 might be a allele of the available yellow rust resistance gene. The mapping of the new resistance gene in Shan 515 is useful for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust in commercial wheat cultivars in China.     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdmll6, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图#br#

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。