小麦-簇毛麦易位系V832抗条锈性遗传分析及细胞学鉴定

【目的】通过对簇毛麦与7182杂交获得的抗条锈病新种质V832进行抗条锈病鉴定和遗传分析,明确V832含有的抗病基因以及细胞学特性.【方法】以V832、感病对照铭贤169及其杂交后代F_1、F_2、F_3和BC_1群体为材料,采用当前流行的条锈菌生理小种(菌系)Su11-4、Su11-7、CYR23、CYR29、CYR32、CYR33和CYR34对供试群体进行苗期抗条锈性鉴定,分析抗病基因的遗传规律,并利用基因组原位杂交技术对V832含有的外源染色体片段进行鉴定.【结果】V832在苗期对7个条锈菌生理小种均表现免疫或近免疫,其抗性可能来源于簇毛麦.V832对Su11-7和CYR32的抗病性都是由一对显性基因控制.GISH分析表明V832含有来自簇毛麦的染色体片段,是一个普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系.【结论】簇毛麦易位系V832对我国目前流行的小麦条锈菌生理小种具有良好的抗病性,可以作为抗源在我国小麦抗条锈育种中应用.     

普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-4抗条锈病基因的遗传分析

[目的]对普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-4的抗条锈病基因进行遗传分析,明确其抗条锈病基因及遗传特点。[方法]用中国小麦条锈菌CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR32、Su11-4及Su11-11共6个生理小种对易位系M8657-4的苗期抗条锈性进行评价;采用常规杂交法对M8657-4的抗条锈病基因进行遗传分析。[结果]易位系M8657-4对中国小麦条锈菌具有良好的抗性;M8657-4对菌系CYR29和Su11-4的抗锈性由2对核基因（互补作用）控制,对CYR31的抗锈性由1对隐性核基因控制,对Su11-11的抗病性,M8657-4做母本时由2对基因（互补作用）控制,M8657-4做父本时由1对隐性基因控制。[结论]易位系M8657-4的抗条锈性由主效基因控制,可将其作为优良种质加以开发利用。     

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS的选育

[目的]为进一步利用簇毛麦2V染色体上的有益基因,为小麦育种提供新种质。[方法]通过普通小麦-簇毛麦2V(2D)二体代换系(DS2V)与普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3C染色体二体异附加系(DA3C)杂交,综合运用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交和分子标记分析,并结合性状调查。[结果]从杂种后代中选育出小麦-簇毛麦纯合易位系T6BS.6BL-2VS,性状调查发现该易位系植株护颖颖脊上有刚毛。[结论]该易位系为杀配子染色体诱发的小片段易位;簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛基因定位于2VS的中部至端部。     

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS的选育

[目的]为进一步利用簇毛麦2V染色体上的有益基因,为小麦育种提供新种质。[方法]通过普通小麦-簇毛麦2V（ZD）二体代换系（DS2V）与普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3c染色体二体异附加系（DA3C）杂交,综合运用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交和分子标记分析,并结合性状调查。[结果]从杂种后代中选育出小麦-簇毛麦纯合易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS,性状调查发现该易位系植株护颖颖脊上有刚毛。[结论]该易位系为杀配子染色体诱发的小片段易位;簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛基因定位于2VS的中部至端部。     

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系V8360抗条锈病基因的遗传分析

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系V8360具有抗逆性强、抗条锈性强和抗白粉性强等许多优良的生物学特性。用9个中国目前流行的条锈菌生理小种对V8360进行了抗条锈性评价,表明该易位系具有良好的抗条锈性。以条锈菌小种CYR32对V8360与感病品种铭贤169配置的F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并对其中一个F2代群体进行了SSR标记。结果表明,V8360对条锈菌CYR32的抗病性由1对显性核基因控制,暂命名为Yr V8360。从329对SSR引物中筛选到位于小麦4AL染色体上的4个SSR位点Xwmc161、Xgwm565、Xgwm494和Xcfd257与该基因连锁。     

小麦品种“西农628”和“西抗A11”抗条锈病鉴定

条锈病是严重威胁小麦安全生产的重要病害之一,其流行常常造成显著的小麦减产,是小麦安全生产的重要影响因素。种植抗病品种是防治条锈病最经济有效且环保的措施。但是品种抗病性"丧失"常常导致抗病品种成为感病品种,继而导致病害流行成灾。收集小麦种质资源,鉴定其抗病性,为抗病育种者提供新的抗病信息用于培育抗病育种,以应用于生产防治病害,具有实际的重要的生产意义。本文对小麦品种西农628和西抗A11分别进行了室内苗期抗条锈病鉴定和田间抗条锈病鉴定。苗期鉴定结果表明,西农628和西抗A11对小麦条锈菌小种CYR23、CYR31、Su11-4和Su11-7表现抗病,对CYR32表现感病。田间鉴定结果表明,西农628和西抗A11对小麦条锈病均表现抗病。表明西农628和西抗A11对小麦条锈菌小种CYR32有成株抗条锈性,对其余小种具有全生育期抗病性。同时,西农628和西抗A11兼抗白粉病与叶锈病,是良好的多抗性小麦材料。     

小麦贵农775抗条锈病新基因YrGA的研究

小麦抗病种质贵农775具有抗条锈性,研究其抗条锈遗传,对揭示其抗病机制和培育持久抗病品种具有重要意义。以西农97148×贵农775的杂交群体为材料,利用RAPD,SCAR分子标记和荧光原位杂交技术研究其抗性基因来源及在染色体上的位置。贵农775中的YrGA基因来自于簇毛麦,特异标记与抗条锈病基因YrGA(暂时命名)遗传距离为(0.355+0.001)cM,荧光原位杂交结果显示,贵农775为小麦-簇毛麦新的易位系。由于抗条锈病基因Yr26来源于簇毛麦,位于6VS,而与YrGA连锁的特异片段位于染色体长臂,综合分子生物学试验结果,可以推断YrGA很可能是一个来自簇毛麦并与已知抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。     

西科麦6号成株期抗条锈病的遗传研究

为明确西科麦6号对小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗病性和抗病遗传规律,用小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、Su11-4和V26。在2015年3月,对西科麦6号和铭贤169及其杂交后代F1、F2、F3进行成株期接种,作抗病遗传分析,结果表明:西科麦6号对小麦条锈菌CYR31的抗病性由2对显性基因和1对隐性基因控制;对CYR32的抗病性由3对显性基因(其中2对表现累加作用)控制;对CYR33的抗病性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因控制;对Su11-4的抗病性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因重叠或独立控制;对条锈菌V26抗病性由1对显性基因独立控制。从西科麦6号在试验和生产上的良好表现,多年抗病鉴定及本研究的遗传分析证明,西科麦6号对小麦条锈菌具有良好的抗性,并且这种抗性的遗传性较稳定,是一个综合性状优良的种质资源和抗源材料;可以进一步进行分子标记及定位研究,以期为小麦抗病育种提供新的抗条锈病亲本做出贡献。     

利用离果山羊草3C染色体诱导簇毛麦2V染色体结构变异

【目的】簇毛麦是普通小麦的一个近缘物种,它具有许多抗病基因,在小麦育种中起重要作用。抗白粉病基因Pm21已被南京农业大学细胞遗传所成功地转移到小麦背景中,并被广泛地用于小麦育种实践。为了进一步转移和利用定位于簇毛麦2V染色体上的有用基因,如抗眼斑病基因、抗条锈基因和护颖颖脊刚毛基因,为小麦育种创造新种质。【方法】通过普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3C二体异附加系与小麦-簇毛麦2V（2D）二体代换系杂交,综合运用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交、染色体构型分析和分子标记分析。【结果】从杂种F２和F３中鉴定出涉及簇毛麦2V结构变异的异染色体系7份,包括纯合缺失系1份（Del 2VS•2VL-）,易位系4份,其中纯合易位2份（初步推断为T3DS•2VL,T2VS•7DL）、小片段易位1份（T6BS•6BL-2VS）和中间插入易位1份（T2VS•2VL-W-2VL）,等臂染色体1份（2VS•2VS）和单端体1份（Mt2VS）。利用可分别追踪2VS 和2VL的分子标记Xwmc25-120和NAU/STSBCD135-1进行PCR分析,进一步证明这7份异染色体系中涉及簇毛麦2V染色体片段。【结论】涉及2V短臂的单端体Mt2VS,等臂染色体2VS•2VS和易位系T2VS•7DL在护颖颖脊上有簇状分布的刚毛,而涉及2V长臂的易位系T3DS•2VL无刚毛,进一步证实簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛基因位于2VS。离果山羊草3C染色体可有效诱发簇毛麦2V染色体结构变异。     

4个小麦—柔软滨麦草易位系苗期抗条锈基因的遗传分析

旨在开发和利用柔软滨麦草的基因,丰富小麦抗条锈基因库。利用小麦条锈菌流行小种CYR32和CYR33对M851-1、M8724-1、M8725-2和M8657-2 4个小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析。结果表明,M851-1对CYR32的抗条锈性由1对隐性基因控制;M8724-1对CYR32的抗条锈性由2对隐性基因独立作用控制,对CYR33的抗条锈性由1对隐性基因控制;M8725-2对CYR32的抗条锈性由2对显性基因互补作用控制,对CYR33的抗条锈性由1显1隐2对基因独立控制;M8657-2对CYR32的抗条锈性由1对隐性基因控制,对CYR33的抗条锈性由2对显性基因独立作用控制。研究结果初步明确这4个小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系抗条锈性遗传规律,有助于进一步利用这些易位系进行小麦抗条锈病育种。     

Genetics and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrShan515in Chinese Wheat Cultivar Shan 515

Stripe rust is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. To identify new resistance genes is significant in wheat breeding. In this study, stripe rust resistance of a Chinese cultivar Shah 515 was tested with Chinese predominant races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in the seedling stage, and genetic analysis and simple sequence repeats (SSR) technique were used to identify the inheritance model of seedling stripe rust resistance in cultivar Shan 515 and to mark the sites of resistance gene(s) on chromosome. The genetic analysis indicated that the resistance of Shan 515 against Su 11-4 was conferred by a single dominant gene, which was temporarily designated as YrShan515. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and SSR markers, 12 SSR markers (Xwmc335, Xwmc696, Xwmc476, Xbarc267, Xgwm333, Xwmc653, Xwmc396,Xgwm213, Xgwm112, Xgwm274, Xcfd22, Xgwm131, and Xwmc517) located on wheat chromosome 7BL were linked to YrShan515 with genetic distance ranging from 3 to 24 eM. Based on the previously published genetic map and Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic analysis, YrShan515 was located on wheat chromosome 7BL. Polymorphism of wheat cuitivars collected from Huanghuai wheat grown regions were screened with two markers, Xwmc653 and Xbarc267, and all of these wheat cultivars tested did not present the polymorphic bands as Shan 515 did. Therefore, it suggested that YrShan515 might be a allele of the available yellow rust resistance gene. The mapping of the new resistance gene in Shan 515 is useful for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust in commercial wheat cultivars in China.     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图#br#

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

Molecular Mapping of a Gene for Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat Variety PIW138

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most damaging diseases of common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Wheat variety PIW138 introduced from Pakistan is resistant to the currently prevailing Pst race CYR32 in China. In this study, the bulked segregant analysis （BSA） method and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were used to map the stripe rust resistance gene in PIW138. The resistant and susceptible DNA bulks were prepared from the segregating F2 population of the cross between Thatcher, a susceptible variety as the female parent, and PIW138 as the male parent. The segregation of resistant and susceptible F2 plants inoculated with CYR32 indicated that single dominant gene determined the reactions of PIW138 line and temporarily designated as YrP138. Total 200 SSR primers were screened, and 4 SSR markers, Xwmc52, Xbarc61, Xgwm268, and Xgwm153, on chromosome 1B were found to be polymorphic between the resistant and the susceptible DNA bulks as well as their parents. Genetic linkage was tested on the segregating F2 population with 259 plants, including 196 resistant and 63 susceptible plants. All 4 SSR markers were linked to the stripe rust resistance gene in PIW138. The genetic distances of Xwmc52, Xbarc61, Xgwm268, and Xgwm153 to the resistance gene were 29.8, 6.2, 6.8, and 8.2 cM, respectively.     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdm116, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL. Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦条锈菌中国鉴别寄主维尔中抗条锈病基因YrVir1的微卫星标记

【目的】明确中国小麦条锈菌重要鉴别寄主维尔的抗条锈病基因及其遗传特点,建立与其连锁的微卫星标记,将病菌小种监测和抗病性分析提高到基因水平。【方法】由维尔为基因供体转育而成的含有小麦重要抗条锈基因YrVir1的近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrVir1,用小麦条锈菌单胞菌系2E16对近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrVir1、轮回亲本Taichung29及其杂交后代进行遗传分析;选用YrVir1所在2B染色体上的141对引物对近等基因系和轮回亲本的基因组DNA进行SSR分析。【结果】近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrVir1对2E16的抗病性由1对显性基因控制;引物Xbarc349在近等基因系与轮回亲本间稳定扩增出特异性DNA片段,同时在近等基因系和基因供体维尔间存在相同扩增片段,经F2代群体200个抗、感单株检测证实,Xbarc349标记位点与抗条锈病基因YrVir1连锁,遗传距离为4.2 cm。【结论】Xbarc349引物扩增出的特异性DNA片段可作为抗条锈病基因YrVir1的SSR标记;根据小麦SSR遗传图谱,将YrVir1基因定位在小麦2B染色体上。     

源于中间偃麦草的抗条锈基因YrCH223的遗传分析及SSR定位

CH223是一个衍生于中间偃麦草的多抗性小偃麦种质系,通过感病的小麦品种与八倍体小偃麦TAI7047杂交、回交选育而成。抗性鉴定表明,CH223对我国当前小麦条锈病的流行小种CYR32,CYR33均有良好抗性。利用CH223与感病品种(系)的F2,F2∶3和BC1抗性分离群体进行抗性遗传分析,发现其条锈病抗性来自中间偃麦草,且由1对显性基因控制,暂时命名为YrCH223。用CYR32对来自台长29×CH223的221个F2植株进行接种鉴定,并构建抗、感DNA池。共筛选738对SSR引物,发现5对共显性SSR标记与抗病基因连锁,位置顺序为:Xgwm540-Xbarc1096-YrCH223-Xwmc47-Xwmc310-Xgpw7272,遗传距离分别为21.9,8.0,7.2,12.5,11.3 cM。进一步利用中国春缺体-四体和双端体材料扩增鉴定,将YrCH223定位于小麦4B染色体的长臂上(4BL)。经F2∶3群体验证,5个标记与YrCH223连锁。迄今为止,在4BL上未发现有公开报道的抗小麦条锈病基因。因此,基于抗病基因所在的染色体位置与来源,推断YrCH223是一个新的抗条锈病基因。     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdmll6, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦白粉病抗病新基因PmHNK的遗传分析和分子标记定位

 【目的】周98165对河南省当前流行白粉菌生理小种具有较好的抗性,并且综合农艺性状优良。明确其抗白粉病基因及遗传特性,筛选与其紧密连锁的分子标记,为抗白粉病育种提供抗源和理论支撑。【方法】将周 98165与中国春杂交、自交、测交,对双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期鉴定,用小麦白粉病菌08B1进行遗传分析,利用SSR、EST-SSR技术对双亲及抗感池进行筛选和电泳分析,并结合中国春缺四体材料进行染色体定位。【结果】周98165对3个白粉菌高毒力小种抗性良好,其抗病性受1对显性核基因控制,将该基因暂命名为PmHNK。筛选了与PmHNK 连锁的5个微卫星标记,在遗传图谱上的顺序为Xbarc77、Xgwm547、Xwmc326、Xgwm299、PmHNK、Xgwm108,Xgwm299和Xgwm108分别为PmHNK两侧距离最近的标记,图距分别为4.2 cM、5.6 cM,最远标记Xbarc77与PmHNK图距为10.6 cM,并将PmHNK 定位于3BL。【结论】抗病鉴定、遗传分析结合分子标记分析结果表明,PmHNK是一个白粉病抗病新基因。