当前影响农村信用社贷款无法正常偿还的因素分析

农村信用社贷款无法正常偿还问题突出,其原因有内外两个方面,政策因素、行政干预、信用环境、内部管理等是主要因素。提高农村信用社的信贷资产质量,要从信用建设、制度建设入手,解决贷款无法偿还的问题。     

抗粗缩病玉米种质和新组合鉴定分析初报

为鉴定和筛选出适于黄淮海地区种植的抗粗缩病的玉米新品种,采用田间自然感病鉴定的方法,对295份玉米自交系和10个用其组配的高产杂交组合进行粗缩病抗性鉴定。鉴定出高抗玉米自交系12份、抗性玉米自交系32份、中抗玉米自交系69份、感病玉米自交系71份和高感玉米自交系115份以及3个抗粗缩病的玉米杂交组合。其中,12份高抗玉米自交系可以直接用于抗粗缩病玉米新品种的选育。在选育抗粗缩病玉米新品种的初期,必须确保玉米杂交组合的母本和父本均达到中抗以上水平,或者其父本或母本之一必须为高抗粗缩病的自交系。     

不同基因型大麦离体培养的花药及小孢子对低温和NaCl预处理的反应

以探讨大麦单倍体细胞水平的耐冷、耐NaCl性与植株水平抗病、耐盐性的相关性为目的，用赤霉病抗性、耐盐性不同的大麦为供试材料，比较了它们的离体培养花药及小孢子对低温、NaCl预处理的培养反应。结果表明：感病材料低温（5℃）预处理17d的花药培养愈伤组织诱导率比未经低温预处理的低，抗病材料则有一定的升幅。用NaCl溶液直接处理游离小孢子，所有供试材料的小孢子存活率随处理浓度升高不断下降，耐盐材料的存活率下降幅度比盐敏材料的小，且抗病材料的降幅比感病材料的小。说明：供体植株水平的抗病、耐盐性在花药、小孢子水平上也能有所表现。     

Aneuploids of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Summary Aneuploid plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with 2n=15 to 30 chromosomes were obtained by crossing a near-triploid (2n=3x+1=22) with a diploid or on open-pollination with diploids and tetraploids. Aneuploids occurred with a frequency of 83% in near triploid × diploid progeny and 92% on open-pollination with diploid and tetraploid plants. Aneuploid plants with 15 to 18 chromosomes resembled diploids in morphology and those with 19 to 30 chromosomes were akin to tetraploids. Meiotic studies suggested that most aneuploid plants resulted from transmission of aneuploid egg cells (n=8 to 23). Aneuploid plants with 2n=27 to 30 chromosomes in the progeny of 22×14 cross originated from unreduced egg cells. Plants with 19 to 21 chromosomes were recovered only by immature seed culture. Aneuploid plants with 26 to 30 chromosomes and triploids (2n=21) had higher pollen fertility and bigger seeds than plants with 15 to 22 chromosomes.     

重庆烤烟品质年际变化及感官品质的影响因素分析

为分析重庆烤烟品质特征的年际变化及化学成分与感官质量的关系,对12个产区5年的245个烤后烟叶样品进行分析。结果表明,总糖和还原糖含量以2010年和2011年最高;而总氮、烟碱和氯含量以2010年和2011年最低;中上部叶钾含量呈逐年递减趋势。糖碱比仅以上部叶较适宜,而氮碱比则以下部叶较适宜,3个部位的钾氯比均高于适宜范围。3个部位烟叶的感官质量均有逐年改善的趋势。典型相关分析表明,下部叶的刺激性与总氮含量呈正相关;甜度与总氮含量呈负相关;香气量与氯和糖碱比呈负相关,与氮碱比呈正相关。中部叶的刺激性与烟碱含量呈正相关,与钾含量呈负相关。香气质呈现随还原糖和钾的增加而改善、随总糖的提高而降低的趋势;柔细度与烟碱呈负相关,与钾、氮碱比和两糖差呈正相关;杂气随糖碱比呈正相关,与氮碱比呈负相关;甜度随糖碱比增加而增加。上部叶的刺激性随烟碱和糖碱比的增加而增加。     

镉对鸡肝脏抗氧化系统功能以及中药四君子汤拮抗效应的影响研究

为探讨中药四君子汤对镉中毒鸡肝脏GSH-Px、SOD活性抑制的拮抗作用。选用60只100日龄海兰公鸡,随机平均分为3组,对照组常规饲养,加镉组常规饲养的同时,添加CdCl2 150 mg/kg,中药四君子汤加镉组常规饲养的同时,添加CdCl2 150 mg/kg,添加1％中药四君子汤。分笼常规饲养,试验期为60天,这样就建立了亚慢性镉中毒及中药四君子汤拮抗模型。试验结果显示：肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性为对照组、中药四君子汤加镉组至加镉组依次降低;肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为对照组、中药四君子汤加镉组至加镉组依次降低;肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量为对照组、中药四君子汤加镉组至加镉组依次升高。表明日粮中添加中药四君子汤后可有效地提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

Measurement of response to vernalization in Australian wheats with winter habit

Summary Development in wheat is strongly controlled by sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiod, and to a lesser degree by non-vernalizing temperature and intrinsic earliness. A method to measure effect of vernalization in wheats with winter habit is described. Twenty seven wheats with winter habit and eight with spring/facultative habit were studied, comprising breeding lines and cultivars with maturities suited to south-central New South Wales. Effect of vernalization on the development of these wheats was quantified by integrating responses to vernalizing treatments of differing duration. Intrinsic earliness was measured as time for vernalized seedlings to grow to ear emergece in an 18h photoperiod with day/night temperature of 21/16°C, and response to photoperiod as the difference in time to ear emergence between 9 and 18h daylengths. Integrated response to vernalization is sensitive to both cumulative and thresh-hold responses and is applicable to wheats of all habit type. Integrated response to vernalization and intrinsic earliness were positively associated within wheats with winter habit. Wheats were largely of restricted origin, so that there were few allelic differences at Vrn loci to disrupt this association, which suggests intrinsic earliness may modify response to vernalization. Though integrated response to vernalization was measured with artificial treatments, it was strongly associated with ear emergence for wheats with winter habit when grown at a site in New South Wales.     

不同条件下粮食油料散落性的探讨

利用传统的木板法和固定漏斗法测定不同水分、杂质大豆、稻谷和油菜籽在不同材料上的自流角、静止角。结果表明:不同含水量的稻谷,随着含水量的增加,其自流角在增大;不同杂质含量的稻谷,随着含杂量的增加,其自流角在增大;不同材质的板材,随着摩擦力的增加,其自流角也在增大。不同含水量的稻谷,随着含水量的增加,其静止角在增大;不同杂质含量的稻谷,随着含杂量的增加,其静止角也在增大。相同水分的大豆、稻谷、油菜籽,稻谷的摩擦力最大,自流角和静止角也最大;大豆、稻谷、油菜籽相比,大豆粒大、饱满、表面光滑,油菜籽次之,因此,在外界条件相同情况下,大豆的散落性最好,油菜籽次之,稻谷最差。     

Digital Filtering with Zero Phase Error

Aiming at the problem of phase error caused by normal filters in signal processing , summarizes the important meaning of digital filtering with zero phase error. Puts forward RRF Filtering which is a new way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error through reversing the time serials of the signal. Another way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error is suggested through reversing the time serials of normal filter. Testifies the way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error. Points out how to design the digital filter with zero phase frequency peculiarity. Solves the problem of phase error in DSP.     

Stripe rust reactions of Australasian wheats

Summary Seedling and field reactions to four European races of stripe rust were determined for 254 wheat cultivars, mostly from Australia and New Zealand. Numerical analyses of the data employed a divisive classification procedure with termal reallocation to form 10 groups which were then further classified, ordinated and diagnosed by several procedures. The groups formed ranged from one comprising four wheats with low seedling reactions to all four rust strains and mean field rust of only 1.0%, to one comprising 105 wheats with high seedling reactions and mean field rust of 64.7%. Groups of cultivars with intermediate levels of rust resistance were classified both on relative level of overall rust and on differential reactions to rust strains. One group of 13 cultivars had moderately high seedling reactions but averaged only 1.5% rust in the field.Seedling response to gibberellic acid (GA) was also measured and diagnosed as an external attribute, along with grain type and region of origin. Principal co-ordinate analysis revealed that greater resistance to stripe rust was associated with the insensitivity to GA typical of semidwarf wheats and with an origin in northern Australia, where semidwarf wheats have been most used in the breeding program. In terms of numerical analysis of disease data in plant breeding programs, the study highlighted the advantages of using divisive classification with terminal reallocation of group members.     

烯效唑对花生生长调节作用研究

为了明确烯效唑对花生生长发育和产量性状的影响,于花生盛花期采用田间常规喷雾的方法,研究烯效唑对花生生物性状、经济性状及品质的影响。结果表明：盛花期经过烯效唑处理的花生主茎高度低于清水对照,对株高的抑制率在7.95%~12.27%之间;与产量相关的经济性状各处理区均高于对照处理;药剂处理区增产率9.5%~13.8%,增产效果显著。烯效唑对花生营养生长的抑制持续期较多效唑长,有利于花生的生殖生长,对花生经济产量的形成具有积极的促进作用。     

Performance Comparison of High Strength Concrete Prepared with Metakoalin and Silica Fume

This paper makes a comparison of high strength concrete prepared with Metakoalin and that prepared with silica fume in terms of their workability, compressive strength , shrinkage and resistance to sulphate attack. The research results indicate that high strength concrete prepared with Metakoalin is better than that prepared with silica fume in terms of workability. When the water to binder ratio is high, concrete prepared with Metakoalin has a greater compressive strength than that prepared with silica fume. In contrast, when the ratio is low, it is the concrete prepared with silica fuma has a higher strenth. Concrete prepared with Metakoalin has a smaller auto -shrinkage and dry-shrinkage than that prepared with silica fume. And concrete prepared with Metakoalin will be just as good as concrete prepared with silica fume in terms of resistance to sulphate attack. It is indicated by the research that Metakoalin has same high activity as silica fume in the preparation of high strength concrete.     

Scanning Beam Method for the Contour Graph

The tracing method is applied to generate the contour graph, it is difficult to find the start point of the interior closed contour beam. This paper presents a general scanning beam method which can be applied to generate color contour graph for elements with arbitrary shape by the object-oriented programming. We give visualization of the elements of triangle the element with 3 Points, triangle element with 6 Points, quadrilateral element with 4 Points, quadrilateral element with 8 Points, quadrilateral Element with 9 Points and the example by the MFC of Visual C++ R6.     

农作物秸秆栽培灵芝试验效果评价

目的:研究以农作物秸秆作为主要原料栽培灵芝的效果。方法:采用二因素随机区组设计研究不同秸秆种类和玉米粉用量对灵芝生物转化率的影响。结果:秸秆种类和玉米粉用量对灵芝生物转化率均有显著影响。结论:用稻草、麦草和油菜杆做主要原料栽培灵芝是不可行的,而用大豆秸、豌豆秸、蚕豆秸、花生秸等豆科植物秸秆及玉米芯、玉米秆、棉籽壳栽培灵芝是可行的。用大豆秸等豆科植物秸秆及棉籽壳栽培灵芝,培养基中玉米粉的最佳用量为6％。生物转化率可达66％-80％:用玉米芯、玉米秆栽培灵芝,培养基中玉米粉的最佳用量为9％,生物转化率分别为74．5％和50％。     

频振式杀虫灯在水稻害虫防治中的应用与研究

为了提高西双版纳稻米品质,减少农药残留,科学合理的虫害防治方法是重要的解决手段之一。频振式杀虫灯是当前运用非常广泛的一种物理诱杀害虫的工具,具有广谱、高效、无污染的特点。试验设立灯控不施药区、灯控施药区、非灯控施药区和非灯控不施药区,安排随机区组试验,调查虫害发生动态,适时开展化学农药防治和跟踪测产。试验结果表明：频振式杀虫灯单灯每晚诱虫量在6.7~224 g之间,灯控不施药区、灯控施药区和非灯控施药区与非灯控不施药区相比,对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱和螟虫的防效均达到极显著水平。同时,初步掌握了频振式杀虫灯对水稻害虫的控害效果,表现在水稻虫害发生量减少、防治成本降低、水稻增产增收等方面的效益较为显著。     

不同苗龄期黄瓜根系生理生化及形态指标的研究

为了确定黄瓜秧苗适宜的定植时间,为黄瓜穴盘苗的生产提供科学依据,本试验以‘津育五号’黄瓜为试验材料,采用穴盘育苗方法,研究了不同育苗时间对黄瓜根系的形态及生理生化指标的影响。这些指标包括根系的形态、根冠比、根系活力、根系保护酶活性及根系结构。本研究根据直径将黄瓜根系分为细根（<0.05 mm）,中根（0.05~0.45 mm）和粗根（>0.45 mm）。结果表明,三叶一心处理秧苗各直径根系的根长和根表面积虽然在绝对数量上占优势,但是吸收能力较强的细根的根长和根表面积占总根系的比例均低于两叶一心处理和一叶一心处理,吸收能力较差的中根比例明显高于两叶一心处理和一叶一心处理。相对于其他两个处理,三叶一心处理的秧苗鲜重增加,根冠比减小,根系活力降低,SOD、POD酶活性均升高;秧苗中导管数目增多,但单个导管直径相对较小。总之,一叶一心秧苗和两叶一心秧苗的各项指标差异不大,均可进行秧苗的定植;三叶一心秧苗由于秧龄过大,已不适宜作为适龄苗龄进行定植。     

Molecular markers to exploit genotype–environment interactions of relevance in organic growing systems

One of the substantial differences between conventional and organic growing systems is the degree to which the farmer can control biotic and abiotic stresses; for organic growing systems varieties are needed with a broad adaptation to annually varying factors, while at the same time a good specific adaptation is necessary with respect to more constant climate and soil conditions. This combination of requirements implies that varieties for organic farming need to be better characterised with respect to genotype × environment interactions than varieties for conventional farming. Such interactions, which often are found for quantitatively expressed traits, are in general difficult to deal with in phenotypic selection. New approaches for QTL analyses (e.g. using physiological models) facilitate estimation of effects of genes on a trait (the phenotype) as a response to environmental influences. From such analyses, markers can be identified which may help to predict the trait expression of a plant genotype in relation to defined environmental factors. The application of markers to select for loci with specific interactions with the environment could, therefore, be especially important for plant breeders targeting organic farming systems.     

水稻Wx基因与稻米AC、GC和GT的遗传关系

以60个籼稻品种（或品系）和57个（G46B/D香1B）B3F5株系为材料，通过检测Wx基因型，同时测定AC、GC和GT，探讨了水稻Wx基因与稻米AC、GC和GT的遗传关系。结果AC与GC极显著负相关，且二者均与Wx基因型密切相关，Wx基因的GG型材料具有较高的AC和较硬的GC，而TT型材料具有中等的AC和较软的GC，在全部57个B3F5代株系中AC的高低和     

A Study on Plaster of Paris Made from Phosphogypsum

This paper deals with the purification of phosphogypsum by some processing such as washing with water, washing with lime milk, neutralization with lime and so on. It also covers the way to make plaster of Paris having good properties without washing. The result shows that the process of neutralization with lime is simple and the treated phosphogypsum can be used to produce the first grade of plaster.     

Resistance to the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) in Diploid Potatoes

A high level of PLRV resistance has been found in four diploid genotypes originating from resistant ancestors widely utilized in European potato breeding. Plants of these genotypes were difficult to infect not only with aphids, but also with graft inoculation. Their resistance is associated with limited virus spread, but not with intolerance. The level of PLRV resistance in these genotypes appears to be comparable to a high level of resistance detected recently in some wild potato species. Evaluation of virus concentration after graft inoculation with PLRV was found useful in the selection of potato genotypes highly resistant to PLRV.