Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on Cl- adsorption by variable charge soils

Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and have been implicated in many soil processes.The objective of the present paper was to evaluate effect of two LMW organic acids, citric acid and oxalic acid, on Cl^- adsorption by three variable charge soils, a latosol, a lateritic red soil and a red soil, using a batch method. The results showed that the presence of citric acid and oxalic acid led to a decrease in Cl- adsorption with larger decreases for citric acid. Among the different soils Cl- adsorption in the lateritic red soil and the red soil was more affected by both the LMW organic acids than that in the latosol.     

低分子量有机酸对促进可变电荷土壤中铝溶解的影响

Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids exist widely in soils and play an important role in soil processes such as mineral weathering, nutrient mobilization and A1 detoxification. In this research, a batch experiment was conducted to examine the effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of aluminum in two variably charged soils, an Ultisol and an Oxisol. The results showed that the LMW organic acids enhanced the dissolution of A1 in the two investigated soils in the following order： citric 〉 oxalic 〉 malonic 〉 malic 〉 tartaric 〉 salicylic 〉 lactic 〉 maleic. This was generally in agreement with the magnitude of the stability constants for the Al-organic complexes. The effects of LMW organic acids on Al dissolution were greater in the Ultisol than in the Oxisol as compared to their controls. Also, the accelerating effects of citric and oxalic acids on dissolution of A1 increased with an increase in pH, while the effects of lactic and salicylic acids decreased. Additionally, when the organic acid concentration was less than 0.2 mmol L-I, the dissolution of A1 changed Iittle with increase in acid concentration. However, when the organic acid concentration was greater than 0.2 mmol L^-1,the dissolution of A1 increased with increase in acid concentration. In addition to the acid first dissociation constant and stability constant of Al-organic complexes, the promoting effects of LMW organic acids on dissolution of A1 were also related to their sorption-desorption equilibrium in the soils.     

澳大利亚东部地区一些酸性硫酸盐土壤磷的特征

Forty-five acid sulfate topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil cores were collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overall trend for the concentration of the HC1-extractable P to increase along with increasing amounts of organic C and the HCl-extractable trivalent metals in the topsoils of some less-disturbed acid sulfate soils (pH < 4.5). This suggests that inorganic P in these soils probably accumulated via biological cycling and was retained by complexation with trivalent metals or their oxides and hydroxides. While there was no clear correlation between pH and the water-extractable P, the concentration of the water-extractable P tended to increase with increasing amounts of the HCl-extractable P. This disagrees with some established models which suggest that the concentration of solution P in acid soils is independent of total P and decreases with increasing acidity. The high concentration of sulfate present in acid sulfate soils appeared to affect the chemical behavior of Pin these soil systems. Comparison was made between a less disturbed wetland acid sulfate soil and a more intensively disturbed sugarcane acid sulfate soil. The results show that reclamation of wetland acid sulfate soils for sugarcane production caused a significant decrease in the HCl-extractable P in the topsoil layer as a result of the reduced bio-cycling of phosphorus following sugarcane farming. Simulation experiment shows that addition of hydrated lime had no effects on the immobilization of retained P in an acid sulfate soil sample within a pH range 3.54.6. When the pH was raised to above 4.6, soluble P in the soil extracts had a tendency to increase with increasing pH until the 15th extraction (pH 5.13). This, in combination with the poor pH-soluble P relationship observed from the less-disturbed acid sulfate soils, suggests that soluble P was not clearly pH-dependent in acid sulfate soils with pH < 4.5.     

小麦分泌的有机酸影响钙质土中锌的释放

Rhizosphere drives plant uptake of sparingly soluble soil zinc(Zn).An investigation with three experiments was conducted to study organic acid exudation by two contrasting wheat genotypes(Sehar-06 and Vatan),Zn fractions in 10 different calcareous soils from Punjab,Pakistan,and release of different soil Zn fractions by organic acids.The two genotypes differed significantly in biomass production and Zn accumulation under deficient and optimum Zn levels in nutrient solution.At a deficient Zn level,Sehar-06 released more maleic acid in the rhizosphere than Vatan.Ten soils used in the present study had very different physicochemical properties;their total Zn and Zn distribution among different fractions varied significantly.Zinc release behaviour was determined by extracting the soils with 0.005 mol L-1 citric acid or maleic acid.The parabolic diffusion model best described Zn release as a function of time.Parabolic diffusion model fitting indicated more maleic acid-driven than citric acid-driven soil Zn mobility from different fractions.Cumulative Zn release in six consecutive extractions during 24 h ranged from 1.85 to 13.58 mg kg-1 using maleic acid and from 0.37 to 11.84 mg kg-1 using citric acid.In the selected calcareous soils,the results of stepwise linear regression indicated significant release of Fe-Mn oxide-bounded soil Zn by maleic acid and its availability to the Zn-effcient genotype.Hence,release of maleic acid by plants roots played an important role in phytoavailability of Zn from calcareous soils.     

DMPP硝化抑制效果受其浓度、施用方式及土壤基质势的影响

The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors depends on soil properties and environmental conditions. The nitrification inhibitor 3.4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate （DMPP） was investigated in a sandy loam and a loamy soil to study its effectiveness as influenced by inhibitor concentration, application form, and soil matric potential. DMPP was applied with concentrations up to 34.6 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil as solution or as ammonium-sulfate/ammonium-nitrate granules formulated with DMPP. DMPP inhibited the oxidation of ammonium in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. When applied as solution, increasing DMPP concentrations up to 7 mg DMPP kg^-1 soil had no influence on the inhibition. The effectiveness of DMPP formulated as fertilizer granules was superior to the liquid application of DMPP and NH4^＋, particularly in the loamy soil. Without DMPP, a decline in soil matric potential down to -600 kPa decreased nitrification in both soils, but this effect was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the loamy soil. DMPP was most effective in the sandy loam particularly under conditions of higher soil moisture, i.e., under conditions favorable for nitrate leaching.     

石灰土壤原状土柱上硼和锌的迁移

Leaching of boron （B） and zinc （Zn） can be significant in some pedomorphic conditions, which can cause contamination of shallow groundwater and economic losses. Boron and Zn adsorption and transport was studied using 8.4 cm diameter × 28 cm long intact columns from two calcareous soil series with differing clay contents and vadose zone structures： Lyallpur soil series, clay loam （fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustalfic Haplargid）, and Sultanpur soil series, sandy loam （coarse-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustollic Camborthid）. The adsorption isotherms were developed by equilibrating soil with 0.01 tool L^-1 CaCl2 aqueous solution containing varying amounts of B and Zn and were fitted to the Langmuir equation. The B and Zn breakthrough curves were fitted to the two-domain convective-dispersive equation. At the end of the leaching experiment, 0.11 L 10 g L^-1 blue dye solution was also applied to each column to mark the flow paths. The Lyallpur soil columns had a slightly greater adsorption partition coefficient both for B and Zn than the Sultanpur soil columns. In the Lyallpur soil columns, B arrival was immediate but the peak concentration ratio （the concentration in solution at equilibrium/concentration applied） was lower than that in the Sultanpur soil columns. The breakthrough of B in the Sultanpur soil columns occurred after about 10 cm of cumulative drainage in both the columns; the rise in effluent concentration was fast and the peak concentration ratio was almost 1. Zinc leaching through the soil columns was very limited as only one column from the Lyallpur soil series showed Zn breakthrough in the effluent where the peak concentration ratio was only 0.05. This study demonstrates the effect of soil structure on B transport and has implications for the nutrient management in field soils.     

施用碱稳定污泥污水土壤经γ-辐照后土壤溶液中Cu和Zn

Soil samples collected from several acid soils in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces of the southern China were employed to characterize the chemical species of aluminumions in the soils. The proportion of monomeric inorganic Al to total Al in soil solution was in the range of 19% to 70%, that of monomeric organic Al (Al-OM) to total Al ranged from 7.7% to 69%, and that of the acid-soluble Al to total Al was generally smaller and was lower than 20% in most of the acid soils studied. The Al-OM concentration in soil solution was positively correlated with the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and also affected by the concentration of Al³⁺. The complexes of aluminum with fluoride (Al-F) were the predominant forms of inorganic Al, and the proportion of Al-F complexes to total inorganic Al increased with pH. Under strongly acid condition, Al³⁺ was also a major form of inorganic Al, and the proportion of Al³⁺ to total inorganic Al decreased with increasing pH. The proportions of Al-OH and Al-SO₄ complexes to total inorganic Al were small and were not larger than 10% in the most acid soils. The concentration of inorganic Al in solution depended largely on pH and the concentration of total F in soil solution. The concentrat ions of Al-OM, Al³⁺, Al-F and Al-OH complexes in topsoil were higher than those in subsoil and decreased with the increase in soil depth. The chemical species of aluminumions were influenced by pH. The concentrations of Al-OM, Al³⁺, Al-F complexes and Al-OH complexes decreased with the increase in pH.     

七种钾释放动力学方程的比较和动力学参数的应用

Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted to investigate cadmium （Cd） sorption by two permanent-charge soils, a yellow-cinnamon soil and a yellow-brown soil, and two variable-charge soils, a red soil and a latosol, with addition of selected organic acids （acetate, tartrate, and citrate）. Results showed that with an increase in acetate concentrations from 0 to 3.0 mmol L^-1, Cd sorption percentage by the yellow-cinnamon soil, the yellow-brown soil, and the latosol decreased. The sorption percentage of Cd by the yellow-clnnamon soil and generally the yellow-brown soil （permanent-charge soils） decreased with an increase in tartrate concentration, but increased at low tartrate concentrations for the red soil and the latosol. Curves of percentage of Cd sorption for citrate were similar to those for tartrate. For the variable-charge soils with tartrate and citrate, there were obvious peaks in Cd sorption percentage. These peaks, where organic acids had maximum influence, changed with soil type, and were at a higher organic acid concentration for the variable-charge soils than for the permanent charge soils. Addition of cadmium after tartrate adsorption resulted in higher sorption increase for the varlable-charge soils than permanent-charge soils. When tartrate and Cd solution were added together, sorption of Cd decreased with tartrate concentration for the yellow-brown soil, but increased at low tartrate concentrations and then decreased with tartrate concentration for the red soil and the latosol.     

施用碱稳定固体的酸性土壤的Cu和Zn的形态分布

Fractionation of metals in a granite-derived acid sandy loam soil amended with alkaline-stabilised sewagesIudge biosolids was conducted in order to assess metal bioavailability and environmental mobility soil solution was extracted by a centrifugation and filtration technique. Metal speciation in the soil solution wasdetermined by a cation exchange resin method. Acetic acid and EDTA extracting solutions were used forextraction of metals in soil solid surfaces. Metal distribution in different fractions of soil solid phase was determined using a three-step sequential extraction scheme. The results show that the metals in the soilsolution existed in different fractions with variable lability and metals in the soil solid phase were also presentin various chemical forms with potentially different bioavail ability and environmental mobility Alkaline-stabilised biosolids could elevate solubility of Cu and proportion of Cu in organically complexed fractionsboth in soil liquid and solid phases, and may therefore increase Cu mobility. In contrast, the biosolids lowered the concentrations of water-soluble Zn (labile fraction) and exchangeable Zn and may hence decrease bioavailability and mobility of Zn. However, Fe and Mn oxides bound and organic matter bound fractions are likely to be Zn pools in the sludge-amended soil. These consequences possibly result from the liming effect and metal speciation of the sludge product and the difference in the chemistry between the metals in soil.     

草酸对土壤和矿物中钾素的释放规律研究

Oxalic acid plays an important role in improving the bioavailability of soil nutrients. Batch experiments were employed to examine the influences of oxalic acid on extraction and release kinetics of potassium （K） from soils and minerals along with the adsorption and desorption of soil K^＋. The soils and minerals used were three typical Chinese soils, black soil （Mollisol）, red soil （Ultisol）, and calcareous alluvial soil （Entisol）, and four K-bearing minerals, biotite, phlogopite, muscovite, and microcline. The results showed that soil K extracted using 0.2 mol L^-1 oxalic acid was similar to that using 1 mol L^-1 boiling HNO3. The relation between K release （y） and concentrations of oxalic acid （c） could be best described logarithmically as y = a ＋ blogc, while the best-fit kinetic equation of K release was y = a ＋ b√t, where a and b are the constants and t is the elapsed time. The K release for minerals was ranked as biotite 〉 phlogopite 〉〉 muscovite 〉 microcline and for soils it was in the order： black soil 〉 calcareous alluvial soil 〉 red soil. An oxalic acid solution with low pH was able to release more K from weathered minerals and alkaline soils. Oxalic acid decreased the soil K^＋ adsorption and increased the soil K^＋ desorption, the effect of which tended to be greater at lower solution pH, especially in the red soil.     

水稻NH4+转运蛋白基因OsAMT1.1~1.3，OsAMT3.1和OsAMT4.1表达部位及表达特性初析

以水稻为材料,对水稻NH4 离子转运蛋白基因OsAMT1.1、OsAMT1.2、OsAMT1.3、OsAMT3.1和OsAMT4.1的表达部位进行了初步的定性研究,并首次将荧光定量PCR技术应用于植物营养研究中,检测了水稻根中OsAMT1.1、OsAMT1.2、OsAMT1.3和OsAMT4.1在N饥饿48h以后,又转移到1mmol/LNH4 或1mmol/LNO3-中2h后的表达量变化。结果表明,在当时的实验条件下,OsAMT3.1主要在地上部表达,因此推测可能对于根系吸收NH4 没有多大作用;OsAMT1.1、OsAMT1.2、OsAMT1.3和OsAMT4.1在植株根部和地上部都有表达;经过48h的N饥饿处理以后,在检测的4个基因当中,根中表达量最高的是OsAMT1.1,显著高于OsAMT1.2、OsAMT1.3和OsAMT4.1,由此认为,对根中NH4 吸收的贡献也是OsAMT1.1最大;OsAMT1.2、OsAMT1.3和OsAMT4.1表达量在N饥饿48h以后,不论是NH4 或NO3-的加入都显著抑制这3个基因的表达。荧光定量PCR方法的应用可以精确检测到基因表达量的微小变化,尽管没有显著的变化,但从表达量上来讲,OsAMT1.1表达量在加N后有下降的迹象,而且OsAMT1.1、OsAMT1.2和OsAMT4.1受NH4 的抑制效果稍强于NO3-;而OsAMT1.3受NO3-的抑制作用稍强一点,这些都是半定量PCR和Northern杂交所检测不到的。     

水稻吸铵基因OsAMT12和OsAMT33在不同生育期中的表达量差异及其在酵母细胞中吸铵功能初析

本文利用定量PCR技术分析了OsAMT1.2和OsAMT3.3在水稻根中的表达水平,并应用铵吸收功能缺陷型酵母突变体分析OsAMT1.2和OsAMT3.3对NH4+ 的转运功能及影响基因功能异源表达的可能因素.结果表明,OsAMT1.2和OsAMT3.3在分蘖期的表达水平较苗期高;苗期OsAMT1.2与OsAMT3.3的转录水平差异不显著,但分蘖期OsAMT1.2的表达水平快速升高,较苗期提高了5倍,而OsAMT3.3的表达量只提高了一倍,导致两者的表达水平存在显著差异.缺N处理2天两基因均有被诱导增强表达的趋势,其中苗期的增加幅度明显高于分蘖期.当外源供给1mmol/L NH4+,OsAMT1.2在铵吸收功能缺陷型酵母突变体上仅表现部分功能,而OsAMT3.3则不能实现吸铵功能互补.以AtAMT1.1为对照,分析OsAMT1.2在酵母中的表达水平,结果表明异源系统中OsAMT1.2的相对表达量仅有AtAMT1.1的50%.本文的结果说明,外源基因在酵母异源系统中的异源表达,除了与基因产物本身的功能有关,还取决于宿主酵母细胞对其表达水平的调控,因而表现出受内源机制调控的特征.     

不同氮效率水稻品种增硝营养下根系生长的响应特征

试验采用两室分根盒和溶液培养方法,研究了在增硝营养下不同氮效率水稻品种根系生长的响应特征。结果表明,在本试验条件下,与全铵培养下的根系相比,氮高效水稻品种南光在铵硝混合培养下的根系干重和氮积累量显著增加,增幅达33%和41%;同时其根系表面积、根系体积和侧根数增幅均达到显著水平,但根系长度却无明显增加。氮低效水稻品种Elio在铵硝混合培养下的根系生长差异均不显著。这表明氮高效水稻品种南光的根系生长对增硝营养的响应度强,进而促进了根系对氮素的吸收利用。从本试验的结果可推论,水稻对增硝营养的强响应度可能是水稻氮素高效吸收利用的生理机制之一。     

根系高效铵吸收系统是玉米获取氮素的重要补充机制

【目的】本研究旨在通过对植株根系铵吸收特征研究,揭示旱地玉米的氮素营养特征,研究结果为玉米补充氮素营养提供了一定的理论依据。 【方法】以玉米高产品种“郑单 958”为供试材料,采用水培试验模拟了玉米植株生长中的氮素营养环境,研究了玉米幼苗生长对不同氮素形态的反应;采用非损伤微测技术 (NMT),重点研究了不同供氮状况下玉米根系对 NH₄+ 的吸收特征,并与其吸收硝态氮的规律进行了比较;利用实时定量 PCR 技术,初步揭示了玉米根系中的铵吸收蛋白 (AMT) 基因对铵的响应特征。 【结果】单一供应铵态氮条件下,玉米地上部鲜重、全株干重及根系含氮量与纯硝态氮条件下相近,表明铵态氮也可作为玉米的有效氮源。非损伤微测研究结果表明,玉米幼苗根系铵吸收过程呈典型的高亲和吸收特征 (表观 Km 值约为 60 μmol/L),推测这一过程是由高亲和的转运体蛋白介导。氮饥饿预处理使根系的铵吸收速率 Vmax 和 Km 值分别降低了约 3 倍和 1 倍。这一现象与水稻等作物不同,暗示玉米的铵吸收过程可能不存在反馈抑制现象。另外,介质中硝态氮的存在对根系的铵吸收具有显著抑制作用 (抑制效果 > 20%);在供试微摩尔浓度范围内,根系对 NO₃– (100 μmol/L) 的吸收速率显著低于对相同浓度 NH₄+ 的吸收。进一步对主要在玉米根系中表达的铵吸收蛋白基因 ZmAMT1;1a 和 ZmAMT1;3 的定量 PCR 分析表明,上述基因在维持供铵状态下的表达量较缺氮处理均有显著提高,与铵吸收测定结果相符。 【结论】玉米根系中保留着高效铵吸收系统,在低硝态氮浓度下,该系统对铵态氮的高效吸收可作为其获取足够氮源的一个重要的机制。高硝态氮则抑制玉米根系对铵态氮的吸收,以避免氮素吸收利用系统在功能上的冗余。     

不同铵硝比例对水稻铵吸收代谢基因表达的影响

以水稻南光为材料,研究了不同铵硝摩尔比例处理时,水稻NH4^＋吸收代谢基因的表达情况.档结果表明：（1）应用荧光定量PCR方法,可以精确检测水稻氮素吸收代谢基因在不同铵硝处理间的表达量变化;（2）从各基因的表达量上来看,吸收基因中以OsAMT1.1表达量最高,编码GS的基因中以OsGln1.1表达量最高,编码GOGAT的基因中,OsGlu表达量最高;（3）总体来说,不同铵硝处理对NH4^＋吸收代谢基因的表达有显著影响,吸收基因对不同铵硝比例的反应要比代谢基因更敏感;（4）氮吸收基因中OsAMT4.1显著受到NO3的抑制,NH4^＋的诱导.而OsAMT1.1,OsAMT1.2,OsAMT1.3和OsNRT2在铵硝摩尔比例由100：0变为50：50过程中,受到NO3^-的显著抑制,在铵硝摩尔比例由50：50变为0：100过程中OsAMT1.2和OsAMT1.3受到NO3^-的显著诱导,OsAMT1.1和OsNRT2变化不显著;（5）编码GS的基因OsGln1.1表达受NO3诱导,受NH4^＋抑制.OsGln2在铵硝摩尔比例由100：0变为50：50过程中,受到NO3^-增加的诱导,同时,OsGln1.2受到NO3增加的显著抑制作用,铵硝达到50：50以后,NO3^-比例的增加对OsGln1.2和OsGln2的表达没有显著影响;（6）编码GOGAT的基因OsGlt1和OsGlu在不同铵硝摩尔比例中的变化趋势一致：铵硝比例由100：0变为50：50过程中没有显著变化,铵硝比例50：50基础上表达量受到NO3^-比例增加的显著抑制,而OsGlt2的表达受NO3^-的显著抑制,NH;的显著诱导.     

增硝营养对不同基因型水稻苗期吸铵和生长的影响

随着水稻节水栽培技术越来越得到广泛的应用与推广以及水稻在淹水条件下根际氧化圈的存在,水稻的硝酸盐营养作用受到更大的关注。利用水培方法研究了4种具代表性的水稻基因型(常规籼稻、常规粳稻、杂交籼稻、杂交粳稻)在苗期(2 8d)的铵(NH 4 )吸收动力学特性以及硝(NO-3 )对NH 4 吸收动力学特征和叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(GSA)的影响。结果表明:增NO-3 营养可以增加水稻对氮素的吸收,提高氮素利用率,进而促进水稻生长;不同基因型之间NH 4 吸收速率的差异为:杂交籼稻>常规籼稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻;NO-3 的存在促进了水稻对NH 4 的吸收,增加水稻吸收NH 4 的Vmax值(4个品种平均增加31 5 % ) ,而对其Km 值影响不大(4个品种平均增加4 2 6 % ) ,说明NO-3 对NH 4 吸收的影响主要在于影响NH 4 载体的运转速率而非吸收位点与NH 4 之间的亲和性;增NO-3 营养可以增加叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活性,提高水稻同化NH 4 的能力     

增硝营养对不同基因型水稻苗期硝酸还原酶活性及其表达量的影响

利用控制条件下的溶液培养方法,研究了增硝营养(NH4+∶NO3-比例为100∶0和50∶50)对两种不同的基因型水稻南光和云粳苗期生长和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性及基因表达量的影响。结果表明,不同基因型水稻在增NO3-营养下生物量、氮素含量、氮积累量的增幅南光大于云粳。NO3-的存在增强了水稻硝酸还原酶的活力和NR基因OsNia1、OsNia2的表达。不同基因在水稻幼苗中,两个品种OsNia2的相对表达量均高于OsNia1。就品种而言,无论叶片还是根系,增硝后南光OsNia2mRNA表达量都高于云粳;南光叶片OsNia1mRNA表达量也较云粳叶片高。增硝营养提高了水稻NR基因的表达,增加了NR活性,促进了水稻NO3-的同化利用,从而增加了氮素在植株地上部的积累同化。南光和云粳相比,前者对NO3-的响应更为强烈。     

地表水NH4和NO3随水体入渗在土壤和地下水中输送过程的土槽试验研究

The infiltration of water contaminants into soil and groundwater systems can greatly affect the quality of groundwater. A laboratory-designed large soil tank with periodic and continuous infiltration models, respectively, was used to simulate the migration of the contaminants NH4 and NO3 in a soil and groundwater system, including unsaturated and saturated zones. The unsaturated soil zone had a significant effect on removing NH4 and NO3 infiltrated from the surface water. The patterns of breakthrough curves of NH4 and NO3 in the unsaturated zone were related to the infiltration time. A short infiltration time resulted in a single sharp peak in the breakthrough curve, while a long infiltration time led to a plateau curve. When NH4 and NO3 migrated from the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, an interracial retardation was formed, resulting in an increased contaminant concentration on the interface. Under the influence of horizontal groundwater movement, the infiltrated contaminants formed a contamination-prone area downstream. As the contaminants migrated downstream, their concentrations were significantly reduced. Under the same infiltration concentration, the concentration of NO3 was greater than that of NH4 at every corresponding cross-section in the soil and groundwater tank, suggesting that the removal efficiency of NH4 was greater than that of NO3 in the soil and groundwater system.     

不同水稻品种对铵态氮和硝态氮吸收特性的研究

采用水培方法研究了不同形态氮素对武育粳 3号 (常规粳稻 )和扬稻 6号 (常规籼稻 )生长的影响及其水稻苗期对NH 4 N和NO-3 N的吸收动力学特征。结果表明 :不同形态氮素对水稻生长影响差异显著 ,铵硝混合营养下水稻的生长最优 ;扬稻 6号比武育粳 3号具有更强的氮素吸收能力 ;不论武育粳 3号或是扬稻 6号 ,单一氮源时NO-3 的Km 值均大于NH 4 ,说明水稻对NH 4 的亲和力大于NO-3 ,武育粳 3号对NH 4 的最大吸收速率小于NO-3 ,而扬稻 6号则极为接近 ;NH 4 的存在均显著降低两个水稻品种对NO-3的吸收速率 ,武育粳 3号和扬稻 6号的NO-3 的Vmax分别比单一硝营养减小 1/ 2和 2 / 3,NO-3 的存在不影响武育粳 3号对NH 4 的吸收速率 ,但使扬稻 6号对NH 4 的吸收速率减小