硅藻土杀虫剂的研究和应用进展

本文对国内外硅藻土杀虫剂的研究和应用文献进行了综述，介绍了硅藻土的杀虫机理、种类、应用范围、影响杀虫效果的因素、应用技术和对粮食储藏、加工和食用品质特性的影响，分析了使用该药剂时操作人员的防尘保护措施，展望了硅藻土杀虫荆在我国储粮害虫防治领域的应用前景。     

海棠树种资源的园林特性及其开发利用

海棠素有“国艳”之美誉，是中国传统名花之一，种类繁多，栽培历史悠久，文史底蕴深厚。但目前对海棠树种资源缺乏系统整理，园林绿化应用仍局限于少数传统种类和品种，开发利用的途径也比较单一。依据相关文献，概述了中国园林绿化中已经应用或有潜在应用价值的海棠树种资源的分类学归属、主要植物学特征和观赏特征，总结了海棠文化的内涵和表现形式，阐述了海棠树种在古典和现代园林中的配置方式和应用形式，指出了海棠树种资源在园林应用开发方面存在的问题，并提出开发对策，展望了应用前景。     

海洋盐度卫星农业遥感应用研究进展

海洋盐度卫星具有在海洋渔业和耕地土壤水分等领域开展全球遥感监测应用的潜力。[方法]本文从盐度卫星发展现状、海洋渔业和耕地土壤水分遥感应用3个方面出发，对以往盐度卫星农业遥感监测与反演研究进展进行了概述，并对其农业遥感监测应用前景进行了展望。[结果]通过总结认为：在海洋渔业遥感研究领域，盐度卫星应用仍然是以温度、盐度等反演算法研究为主，这些基础性的研究为海洋渔业遥感监测应用提供了必要的因子；在土壤湿度研究领域，盐度卫星的应用相对成熟，基于不同地表覆盖条件下精度分析，开发的适用于土壤湿度产品生产的反演算法，是耕地土壤墒情遥感监测的基础。[结论]在总结当前海洋盐度卫星农业遥感应用进展的基础上，展望了其发展方向，并可为中国新一代海洋盐度卫星的研制提供农业应用依据。     

网络信息技术应用对种业企业的作用及现状分析

利用价值链分析法，从理论上分析了网络信息技术的应用对建立种业企业竞争优势的重要作用。以2004年中国种业企业50强为样本。对种业企业网络信息技术的应用现状进行了描述和评价，并进行了简单的原因剖析，在此基础上指出了未来种业企业网络信息技术开发应用的重点领域。     

新时期水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的应用研究：以Y地为例

近年来，我国农药施用不合理、水稻病虫害抗药性提升等问题日渐突出，严重影响水稻的产量与品质，绿色防控技术在水稻病虫害防治中的应用，有效实现了农业生产与生态环境的和谐共生，为水稻正常生长提供保障。基于此，对新时期水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的应用进行分析，探索应用思路、目标以及基本要点，推动构建水稻病虫害绿色防控技术应用框架，并在此基础上，探索实践案例，加深对水稻病虫害绿色防控技术具体化应用的理解，以供参考。     

苯酚染色测定小麦种子纯度的试验与应用

应用苯酚染色法对不同特征特性的小麦品种种子进行了颜色分类鉴定，并测定了温麦8号小麦种子的纯度，对苯酚染色法的应用效果进行了分析和讨论，提出了在实际鉴定工作中应注意的问题。     

乡土草本植物资源种类及其在田园景观设计中的应用

本研究以乡土草本植物资源为研究对象，探讨了其在田园景观设计中的应用与价值。乡土草本植物因其多样性和独特性，为田园景观带来了丰富的视觉和生态效益。本研究系统分类和描述了不同种类的乡土草本植物及其特性，论述了这些植物在田园景观设计中的具体应用和实践策略，例如植物配置、色彩搭配与功能区划等。此外，也分析了乡土草本植物在景观中的生态效益，如对土壤的改善、生物多样性的增加及对环境的适应性等。最后，本研究对乡土草本植物在田园景观设计中的未来发展趋势及其潜在价值进行了展望，提出了进一步的研究方向和应用建议。本研究旨在为田园景观设计提供更多的创新思路，推广乡土草本植物的应用，实现景观生态与文化的和谐共生。     

玉米株型的判别模型

根据玉米穗上叶夹角，穗上叶叶向值与棒三叶叶向植三个指标研究了玉米株型的判别模型，并按紧凑型、近紧型、近松散型与松散型对玉米株型进行四级分类，由对１５个自交系玉米的上述三个指标应用逐步判别分析方法建立玉米株型判别模型，回报准确率达１００％，在此基础上又对３０个玉米杂交种进行株型判别亦收到了较好效果。说明应用逐步判别分析方法建立玉米株型判别模型对玉米株型的判别是可行的，有实际应用价值，对玉米株型判别型     

杂交高粱覆膜制种技术的研究与应用

论述了杂交高粱制种的创新技术——地膜覆盖栽培技术的试验研究及各地应用情况，对该技术的实施作了规范，对注意问题提出了建议，并对发展前景进行了展望。     

离子束生物技术在棉花育种中的应用述评

近年来，离子束生物技术在农作物育种研究中取得了很大进展。本文主要总结了离子注入诱变技术和离子束介导转基因技术在棉花育种中的应用现状，对存在的问题进行了分析，论述了离子束生物技术在棉花育种中的应用前景。     

Independent and combined effects of heat and drought stress in the Seri M82 × Babax bread wheat population

Heat and drought are the most important wheat production constraints worldwide. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the independent and combined effects of drought and heat in SeriM82/Babax population. Genotypes showed 11, 38 and 52% losses in grain yield (YLD) in 2010–11 and 18, 25 and 48% in 2011–12 under heat, drought and combined stress, respectively. Seri M82 had higher YLD than Babax under heat and combined stress. Grain per spike and canopy temperature at vegetative stage (CTv) in irrigated, day to heading and CT at grain‐filling stage (CTg) in drought, CTg and thousand‐grain weight (TGW) in heat and in combined trials were the best predictors of YLD. Results indicated that due to genotype by environment interactions not all stress‐adaptive traits could be accumulated in a single genotype. In general, day to heading, CTg and grain weight are suggested as indirect selection criteria for increasing YLD under heat and drought stresses. In particular, CTg could be used as a rapid and effective criterion for screening a high number of genotypes.     

Distribution,ecology and reproductive biology of wild tomatoes and related nightshades from the Atacama Desert region of northern Chile

Over the past 20 years, several expeditions were made to northern Chile to collect populations of wild tomatoes (Solanum chilense, S. peruvianum) and allied nightshades (S. lycopersicoides, S. sitiens), and obtain information about their geographic distribution, ecology and reproductive biology. Restricted mainly to drainages of the Andean and the coastal cordillera, populations are geographically fragmented. The two nightshade species are rare and threatened by human activities. Adaptation to extreme aridity and soil salinity are evident in S. chilense and S. sitiens (the latter exhibits several xerophytic traits not seen in the tomatoes) and to low temperatures in S. lycopersicoides and S. chilense. All tested accessions are self-incompatible, with the exception of one S. peruvianum population collected at the southern limit of its distribution. Several distinguishing reproductive traits—anther color, attachment, and dehiscence, pollen size, and flower scent—suggest S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides attract different pollinators than S. chilense and S. peruvianum. The four Solanum spp. native or endemic to Chile provide a variety of novel traits which, through hybridization and introgression with cultivated tomato, could facilitate development of improved varieties, as well as research on a variety of basic topics, including plant-pollinator interactions, abiotic stress responses, and evolution of reproductive barriers.     

Floral flavonoids and pH in Dendrobium orchid species and hybrids

Anthocyanidins were identified in 28 Dendrobium species and hybrids selected for analysis based on colour and suitability in cut flower breeding. Flowers designated pink, red, maroon, orange, bronze, and brown in the trade were placed in RHS colour groups red-purple, purple-violet, violet on yellow, greyed-purple on yellow or yellow-orange, and brown. This colour range contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin, with peonidin occurring as a minor pigment. The colours of three blue genotypes, D. gouldii K280-6, D. biggibum ‘blue’, and D. Kultana ‘blue’, were light violet to purple by RHS standards and contained anthocyanins based on cyanidin. Peach-coloured flowers were classified as red or red-purple and included pelargonidin glycosides. Anthocyanin concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 μmoles/g FW in light lavender and peach, and up to 3.66 μmoles/g FW in brown. Combined cellular and vacuolar pH ranged narrowly from 4.67 to 5.09 among white, peach, lavender, and brown lines. Predominant copigments were flavonol glycosides based on kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, and methylated derivatives. Flavonol aglycones and glycosylation sites differed little among two colour forms of D. gouldii and two D. Jaquelyn Thomas hybrids. Accumulation of quercetin, myricetin, and cyanidin indicated flavonoid 3' and 3',5' hydroxylation activities in several Dendrobium. Additional accumulation of isorhamnetin, syringetin, and peonidin indicated active flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'- O-methyltransferase enzymes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

玉米籽粒蛋白质、赖氨酸和油分含量的遗传成分的比较研究

本文利用双列杂交设计对玉米籽粒的蛋白质、赖氨酸和油分含量的遗传成分即加性方差和显性方差进行了比较研究。结果表明,蛋白质、赖氨酸和油分含量的基因型差异均显著,表明在这些自交系和杂交组合中进行高蛋白质、高赖氨酸和高油分含量的选择是有效的。赖氨酸和油分含量的加性方差比显性方差重要得多,而蛋白质的显性方差起     

水稻开颖机理的探讨 V.不育系与可育系浆片和花丝结构的比较

用电子显微镜观察了不育系珍汕97A与保持系珍汕97B的浆片和花丝的超微结构及其在开.闭颖过程中的变化,发现开颖前浆片和花丝细胞的质体中含有淀粉粒,临开颖时,淀粉粒消失.浆片和花丝的薄壁细胞吸水后,内膜系统破裂.释放出水解酶,细胞开始自溶,解体物通过导管等质外体向小穗轴撤离.另外还发现:不育系的浆片中的维管束数目少,缺少导管,花丝中无导管,细胞自溶慢.这可能是不育系开颖迟、闭颖慢,花丝伸长少及不易萎缩的主要原因.     

基于VOSviewer的叶际微生物研究现状可视化分析

通过对国内外叶际微生物研究领域的分析和比较,明确叶际微生物的研究现状和热点,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。采用文献计量学分析方法,利用可视化分析工具VOSviewer对中国知网收录的114篇文献和Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的521篇文献进行相关分析。叶际微生物相关研究领域的年发文量总体呈现上升趋势,且年平均英文文献数量总体高于中文文献数量,美国、中国和德国的发文量居于前列。其中中国和澳大利亚的合作最为紧密,美国与其他国家的合作最多。研究机构中中国科学院发文量最多,并且与其他研究机构的合作较多。该领域中白志辉(Bai Z H)的发文量最多,且各作者所在团队内部合作较为密切;虽然英文文献中白志辉和金德才(Jin D C)所在团队间有紧密合作,但从整体上看,无论是在中文文献中还是在英文文献中各团队间仍缺乏合作。关于叶际微生物,CNKI和WOS中的文献均对其群落结构和多样性展开了研究,中文文献目前只倾向于探究叶际微生物在植物病害、生物防治和重金属污染方面的作用,但整体研究尚浅,而英文文献则更为广泛且深入地探讨了微生物与植物、微生物和环境之间的关系。研究结果表明,目前关于叶际...     

曼陀罗植株不同部位化感作用的比较研究

为了比较曼陀罗不同部位化感作用的差异,用蒸馏水分别浸提曼陀罗根、茎、叶的有效成分,以蒸馏水为对照,研究曼陀罗根、茎、叶浸提液对芝麻和粟种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,0.2g/ml曼陀罗叶浸提液处理时,芝麻和粟种子萌发率分别降低83%和83.3%,幼苗的根和茎则停止了生长; 0.4g/ml曼陀罗茎浸提液使芝麻和粟的萌发率降低27.6%和15.8%,幼苗根长降低93.3%和64.7%,幼苗茎长降低51.2和18.0%。0.4g/ml曼陀罗根浸提液使芝麻和粟种子萌发率降低31.2%和56.2%,幼苗根长降低75.1和15.0%。因此,曼陀罗叶浸提液强烈抑制了芝麻和粟的种子萌发和幼苗生长,茎浸提液和根浸提液也都存在一定的抑制效应,但都弱于叶浸提液。     

断根培土对花生衰老特性及产量的影响

为探索不同栽培方式对花生衰老特性及产量的影响,丰富花生高产栽培理论和技术,笔者在大田覆膜栽培条件下,研究了断根、培土和断根培土3个处理对花生衰老特性及产量的影响。研究结果表明：培土处理提高了花生功能叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,有时达显著水平;断根处理在处理初期造成花生功能叶SOD、POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量降低以及MDA含量升高,之后通过补偿效应提高了花生功能叶SOD、POD活性和可溶性蛋白含量,降低了MDA含量,表现为先抑制后促进的作用。断根培土处理则综合了断根处理和培土处理的优点,表现出正向叠加效应。3个处理均显著提高了花生荚果产量、百仁重、百果重和有效果数,其中断根培土处理提高幅度最大。该试验明确了花生适宜的高产栽培技术,为花生栽培提供了理论支持与技术指导。     

增施氮肥、硼肥对花期遮阴条件下玉米籽粒产量的影响

遮阴已成为影响夏玉米产量的重要因子,提高玉米耐阴性可为高产、抗逆栽培提供理论依据。以‘苏玉29’为试验材料,系统研究了小喇叭口期增施氮肥、硼肥缓解花期遮阴胁迫对夏玉米形态建成、物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:遮阴处理降低了株高、茎粗、单株叶面积和干物质积累量,并延长了散粉吐丝间隔期。与遮阴处理比,小喇叭口期增施硼肥、氮肥不同程度提高了株高、茎粗、单株叶面积和干物质积累量,且同时增施硼肥、氮肥增幅最大。遮阴处理显著增加了秃尖长,降低了穗粒数和粒重,增施硼肥氮肥缓解了遮阴对突尖长、穗粒数和粒重的影响。增施硼肥、氮肥和同时增施硼肥、氮肥处理产量分别较遮阴处理提高36.7%、8.0%和43.1%。遮阴处理降低叶面积影响干物质积累,产量的降低与突尖增长、穗粒数减少和粒重降低有关。小喇叭口期增施硼肥和氮肥是缓解花期遮阴对产量不利影响的有效措施。     

Genetic improvement trends in agronomic performances and end-use quality characteristics among hard red winter wheat cultivars in Nebraska

Evaluation of wheat cultivars from different eras allows breeders to determine changes in agronomic and end-use quality characteristics associated with grain yield and end-use quality improvement over time. The objective of this research was to examine the trends in agronomic and end-use quality characteristics of hard red winter wheat cultivars grown in Nebraska. Thirty historically important and popular hard red winter wheat cultivars introduced or released between 1874 and 2000 were evaluated at Lincoln, Mead and North Platte, Nebraska in 2002 and 2003. An alpha lattice design with 15 incomplete blocks of two plots and three replications was used at all locations. Agronomic (days to flowering, plant height, spike length, culm length, grain yield and yield components, and grain volume weight) and end-use quality (flour yield, SDS-sedimentation value, flour protein content, and mixograph time and tolerance) traits were measured in each environment. Highly significant differences were observed among environments, genotypes and their interactions for most agronomic and end-use quality characteristics. Unlike modern cultivars, older cultivars were low yielding, and less responsive to favorable environments for grain yield and yield components. Semidwarf cultivars were more stable for plant height than traditional medium to tall cultivars. All cultivars had high grain volume weight since it is part of the grading system and highly selected for in cultivar release. Modern cultivars were less stable than older cultivars for SDS-sedimentation and mixing tolerance. However, the stability of older cultivars was attributed to their having weak mixing tolerance and reduced SDS-sedimentation values. The reduced protein content of modern cultivars was offset by increased functionality, as measured by mixograph and SDS sedimentation. In conclusion, breeders have tailored agronomic and end-use quality traits essential for hard red winter wheat production and marketing in Nebraska.