草履蚧综合防治技术研究

草履蚧食性较广，在台儿庄区主要危害杨、桃、桑等17种林木及花灌木。目前，我区杨树面积已发展到1．7万hm^2，已成为我区的“当家”树种。但其虫害草履蚧的发生日趋严重，有的植株虫株率达到几千头，甚至上万头，极大地影响了杨树的正常生长及绿化美化效果。为遏制草履蚧对杨树用材林的进一步蔓延危害，我们于2003～2006年对草履蚧进行了室内外饲养、观察，对其生活习性、发生规律、综合防治方法进行调查、研究，总结出综合防治方法，为可持续地控制草履蚧提供了依据。     

草履蚧的发生与无公害防治技术

正草履蚧俗名草鞋虫、树虱子,属同翅目绵蚧科草履蚧属,主要危害核桃、苹果、柿、桃等树种。近两年来,草履蚧在河北省深州市大部分果园中都有发生,被它危害的果树推迟发芽或无法发芽而造成枯枝,严重影响了果品生产,给果农造成了较大的经济损失。笔者对草履蚧的发生规律进行了观察研究,总结了一些环保防治技术。发生规律。草履蚧1年发生1代。以卵在树根     

草履硕蚧生物学特性及防治

草履硕蚧生物学特性及防治周志芳（河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所０５００６１）草履硕蚧ＤｒｏｓｉｃｈＣｏｒｐｕｌｅｎｔａ（ｋｕｗａｎａ）又称草履蚧，属同翅目，硕蚧科。广泛分布于辽宁、河北、山东、山西、陕西等省主要果产区。寄主植物有核桃、柿、板栗、黑枣...     

草履蚧对园林植物的危害及综合防治方法

本文通过了解草履蚧的形态特征、生活习性和取食特点,介绍了几种防治草履蚧发生的方法,有苗木检疫、物理防治法、化学防治法和生物防治法。针对草履蚧对园林植物的危害的不同时期,应采用不同的防治方法,把草履蚧对园林植物的危害降到最低。     

郑州市柿园草履蚧的发生与防治

草履蚧也叫草履硕蚧、草鞋蚧壳虫、亦称珠蚧或硕蚧。严重危害核桃、柿、山楂、梨、苹果、桃、杏、李、樱桃、枣、栗、柑桔、荔枝、无花果等，严重影响了果树的正常生长和经济产量，直接影响了广大果农的经济收入。一、草履蚧在郑州地区的分布及危害草履蚧主要分布在郑州市区、郊区和荥阳市的城关、乔楼、崔庙、贾峪、豫龙等乡镇。危害严重，季节性强，防治难度大，该虫以若虫爬行或借助风力等近距离扩散，并随寄主的调运作远距离传播。１９９８年柿树遭危害最严重，全市１３０００公顷农柿间作９８万株柿树，受害面积８２００公顷，近５０万…     

石榴草履蚧的发生调查与防治对策

1草履蚧的防治现状石榴草履蚧在会理县发生始于20世纪90年代初,90年代后期迅速扩散,上升为主要虫害。据2008—2010年彰冠乡、虫区多个石榴园调查,草履蚧发生率在69.7%~96.7%。生产上对草履蚧的防治方法简单,防治效果非常差,笔者认为,主要有以     

草履蚧入侵与综合防控扑灭技术措施

2006年草履蚧入侵南阳市并传播扩散。全市组织专项普查,掌控了草履蚧的传入途径及发生危害状况;开展包括伐除树木、开辟隔离带、地面铺设地砖薄膜、树干涂药阻隔等技术措施进行控制扑灭,拔除部分疫点,控制了传播扩散。     

草履蚧生物学、生态学特性观察及综合防治技术研究

介绍驻马店市草履蚧的生物学、生态学特性及防治方法,对今后草履蚧的防治具有一定的指导意义。     

草履蚧防治方法

草履蚧，俗名树虱子、草鞋虫，主要危害杨树、柳树、刺槐、泡桐、核桃、苹果、柿、桃、杏等树种。立春以后随着气温升高，草履蚧开始孵化，大约2月底3月初开始上树危害。     

草履蚧的园林防治

对草履蚧的发生规律及防治方法进行了综述,简述了如何有效地防治草履蚧的发生。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量