张承地区城镇化与生态系统服务协调关系空间分异研究

为了探究城镇化水平与生态系统服务价值的关系，利用综合指数法、价值当量法等方法测算2010、2015、2018年张承地区生态系统服务价值和城镇化水平，并运用空间自相关分析法、排序分析法、弹性系数等研究城镇化与生态系统服务价值的空间相关性特征、相关性强弱和协调关系。结果表明：(1)研究期间，张承地区生态系统服务价值呈现降低趋势，减少7.47×10⁸元。(2)研究期间张承地区城镇化水平总体不高，城镇化综合指数的平均值由0.14上升至0.25。(3)县域协调关系最为显著的是极不协调发展，极不协调发展的县区占50%;尚义县处于协调发展状态；桥东区、桥西区等区域处于冲突状态，其余县区处于潜在威胁状态。(4)张承地区生态系统服务价值与城镇化水平之间存在空间负相关关系，不同县区的城镇化水平多度值位序与生态系统服务价值多度值排序存在显著差异。研究结果有利于进一步丰富城镇化与生态系统服务价值的相互作用理论。     

河南省绿色城市建设对促进新型城镇化优质发展的现实意义

基于河南省由传统的农业大省向新型工业化、新型城镇化、农业现代化等协调发展的省情,通过抓好绿色城市建设主线,以绿色发展理念推进新型城镇化,着重加强生态治理宣传教育,推动经济绿色低碳循环发展,充分发挥多元主体作用,协调好城镇发展中的生产空间、生活空间和生态空间,从而不断优化城镇的宜居性与发展的可持续性。     

双碳目标下贵州省城市土地绿色利用效率时空演变及影响因素分析

贵州省是国家生态文明试验区之一，也是西南重要交通枢纽，因此从绿色发展理念角度出发研究贵州省城市土地绿色利用效率对其区域可持续发展具有重要的意义。本研究基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年贵州省城市土地绿色利用效率，在此基础上，采用ArcGIS和Tobit回归模型研究城市土地绿色利用效率时空演进特征及影响因素。研究结论如下：（1）从时序变化特征来看，2005-2020年贵州省城市土地绿色利用效率呈现先下降后上升的趋势，但持续向好趋势发展；（2）从空间演变特征来看，贵州省城市土地绿色利用效率处于较高等效率水平并呈现“中心高四周低”的演变特征；（3）通过Tobit回归模型分析影响因素结果可知，经济发展水平、产业优化和绿色发展水平对土地绿色利用效率正向显著性作用。     

山西省经济发展与生态环境系统耦合协调发展分析

山西省作为资源大省，在发展以煤炭开采为代表的第二产业时，超出了生态环境承载力，打破了生态环境与经济发展的良性互动。根据2008-2017年山西省经济发展和生态环境系统相关方面数据，构建山西省经济发展与生态环境系统评价指标体系，并测算两系统的综合评价指数、耦合度及耦合协调度。研究表明：（1）山西省2008-2017年经济发展与生态环境耦合协调度，由濒临失调转向良好协调，协调性逐渐增强。（2）耦合协调类别2008-2010年为濒临失调衰退类，2011-2012年为勉强协调类，2013-2015年为中级协调类，2016-2017年为良好协调类。（3）山西省2008-2017年经济发展与生态环境系统的耦合度呈现上升—下降—上升的趋势，耦合协调类型方面，2008-2009年为经济损益型，2010-2016年为生态滞后型，2017年为经济损益型。     

黑龙江省农业现代化与信息化协调发展评价

农业现代化与信息化协同发展是中国农业发展的必然趋势.该研究基于2002-2017年黑龙江省农业现代化与信息化发展相关数据,首先对黑龙江省农业现代化与信息化发展水平进行测算,继而构建耦合协调度模型评价二者的协调发展水平,在此基础上构建Tobit模型对二者协调发展的影响因素进行分析.结果表明:2002-2017年黑龙江省农业现代化与信息化发展水平不断提高,2017年二者发展水平相近,但信息化发展水平落 后于农业现代化水平;农业现代化与信息化耦合协调度呈稳定上升态势,2017年初步进入优质协调阶段,总体来看黑龙江省仍具有较大的协调发展空间;信息产业投资、移动电话拥有率、高等教育在学人数和教育经费支出与二者的耦合协调度在1％水平显著正相关,城乡居民人均收入比在5％水平显著负相关,人均电信业务消费量和产业结构在10％水平显著相关.因此,该研究提出完善信息化基础设施建设,适度增加投资,注重信息人才培育,优化产业结构,缩小城乡收入差距,高质量推进农业信息化建设等政策建议以促进二者实现更高层次的协调发展.     

农业数字化与农业现代化的耦合协调性研究

构建山东省数字化与农业现代化的指标体系及耦合协调度模型，探究山东省数字化与农业现代化的耦合协调关系，在此基础上构建Tobit模型，对二者协调发展的影响因素进行深入分析。结果表明：山东省数字化与农业现代化的综合发展水平总体呈上升趋势；山东省数字化与农业现代化的耦合协调度呈稳定增长趋势，2018年开始进入优质协调阶段；2016年以来，山东省数字化对农业现代化的促进作用大于农业现代化对数字化的影响；经济发展水平、对外开放程度、产业结构以及人才储备对数字化和农业现代化的协调发展具有显著正向影响。最后基于以上研究结论，提出了相应的政策建议。     

人类活动干扰下湿地植被的动态变化研究——以东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区为例

湿地植被是评价湿地生态环境质量的主要指标，也是保障区域生态安全的关键。采用单因子线性回归方法，分析了NDVI的年度变化趋势，在土地利用转移矩阵基础上，与植被覆盖FVC数据进行耦合。研究结果显示：（1）东洞庭湖区植被覆盖度在2010-2020年呈上升趋势。（2）2010-2020年，耕地、林地、城市用地面积占主导地位。其中，耕地面积最大，主要是水田和稀疏林地。（3）2015-2020年，土地利用变化较2010-2015年更为明显，主要增加是水体面积，来源是未利用土地、耕地和林地，其次，建设用地占比增加比例较大，主要来源为耕地、河流和林地。     

基于价值—风险的阜平县生态分区研究

为了探究阜平县生态风险，以2010年、2015年、2020年土地利用数据为基础，采用生态系统服务模型、景观生态风险模型，对二者的时空演变特征进行了定量分析，通过Z-score标准化划分了4类生态分区，揭示了阜平县生态环境时空演变特征。结果表明：(1)6种地类均有不同程度的改变，耕地增加最多，草地减少最多。高价值区主要分布于夏庄乡、龙泉关镇西部等林地、草地植被覆盖度高、水热条件较好的地区。阜平县以调节服务为主，且林地提供价值最高。(2)阜平县以较低生态风险区为主，占总面积的50%以上。在空间上呈“东南高、西北低”的分布特征。高生态风险区分布于北果园乡、王林口镇等区域，此区域人口数量多、景观类型细碎、零散分布。(3)4类生态分区变化程度较小，表明阜平县处于较为稳定的状态，高生态系统服务价值—低生态风险区(Ⅳ)占比最高，低生态系统服务价值—低生态风险区(Ⅲ)占比最低。通过生态分区研究，可为防范和降低区域生态风险与协调人地关系提供理论基础。     

新时代农业与农业生产性服务业耦合协调性分析

从理论层面,分析了农业与农业生产性服务业耦合机理,构建了产业系统耦合协调发展模型;从实践层面,对内蒙古赤峰地区的12个旗县区建立了产业耦合评价指标体系,基于熵权法和耦合协调度模型,对农业及农业生产性服务业的综合发展水平、产业间耦合协调性进行测度和对比分析。结果表明:赤峰地区农业发展不均衡,总体属中下水平;农业生产性服务业作为新型产业,尚处于初级阶段,发展水平低于农业发展水平;农业及农业生产性服务业总体属于拮抗期耦合,2个产业间耦合协调度较低,处于失调状态,12个旗县区中5个为轻度失调,7个为中度失调,农业生产性服务业尚未发挥出对农业应有的促进作用。因此,应大力发展农业生产性服务业,通过构建"主体多元、功能集成、科技引领、人才保障"的农业生产性服务业体系,推进产业耦合协调,解决中国特色社会主义新时代下农业发展不充分、不均衡问题。     

西北地区农业高质量与生产性服务业耦合协调发展

农业生产性服务业是实现农业高质量发展的重要举措，农业高质量发展是农业生产性服务业不断提升的有效推力。该研究构建了农业高质量与生产性服务业发展水平综合评价体系，通过耦合协调测度模型对西北五省2004—2017年二者耦合协调关系进行实证研究。西北地区2个系统耦合协调度随时间变化逐渐加强，2017年耦合协调度均值达到0.9,实现了优质发展水平，发展类型为服务优先型，但地区发展不平衡状态依旧存在，有必要制定相关政策促进二者融合发展。     

京津冀地区生态安全格局构建与预警点识别

在京津冀协同发展和生态文明建设的背景下，构建生态安全格局并预警国土空间生态薄弱区对区域解决生态安全问题和制定国土空间规划具有十分重要的意义。研究通过InVEST模型、MCR模型、电路理论等构建京津冀地区生态安全格局，并以此为约束，利用PLUS模型模拟该地区2030年的土地利用空间格局，分析土地利用变化情况，以建设用地扩张对生态空间的胁迫区域作为生态保护预警点。结果表明，京津冀地区有46个生态源地，关键生态廊道和潜在生态廊道共136条。其中，生态源地基本位于生态环境优良的燕山、太行山山脉，生态廊道依托源地呈交错分布，冀中南平原地区无生态源地和生态廊道。2030年京津冀地区建设用地面积增加明显，向四周呈环状扩张，不断迫近生态空间，威胁到生态源地和生态廊道的健康发展，应做出预警。     

Response of forest soil properties to urbanization gradients in three metropolitan areas

We investigated the effects of urban environments on the chemical properties of forest soils in the metropolitan areas of Baltimore, New York, and Budapest. We hypothesized that soils in forest patches in each city will exhibit changes in chemistry corresponding to urbanization gradients, but more strongly with various urban metrics than distance to the urban core. Moreover, differences in parent material and development patterns would differentially affect the soil chemical response in each metropolitan area. Results showed that soil chemical properties varied with measures of urban land use in all three cities, including distance to the urban core, which was an unexpected result. Moreover, the results showed that the spatial extent and amount of change was greater in New York than in Baltimore and Budapest for those elements that showed a relationship to the urbanization gradient (Pb, Cu, and to a lesser extent Ca). The spatial relationship of the soil chemical properties to distance varied from city to city. In New York, concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Ca decreased to approximately background concentrations at 75 km from the urban core. By contrast, concentrations of these elements decreased closer to the urban core in Baltimore and Budapest. Moreover, a threshold was reached at about 75% urban land use above which concentrations of Pb and Cu increased by more than twofold relative to concentrations below this threshold. Results of this study suggest that forest soils are responding to urbanization gradients in all three cities, though characteristics of each city (spatial pattern of development, parent material, and pollution sources) influenced the soil chemical response.     

Greenway service supply and public demand in Guangzhou city,China

Small-size green spaces contain convenient service capabilities for urban residents and satisfy the daily needs of citizens for high-quality ecological products. A greenway is a kind of linear green space, which can create a beautiful and livable environment in a high-density urban area. This study explored whether the services provided by the greenway can meet the daily needs of urban residents for green space in Guangzhou, a mega city in south China. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the entropy weight (EW) method, both the coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation analysis were adopted to quantify and determine the coordination degree of greenway service supply and public demand in Guangzhou. The results showed that the comprehensive score of the greenway service supply (GSS) subsystem and the public demand (PD) subsystem in Guangzhou was 0.3865 ± 0.08 and 0.3778 ± 0.03 (mean±s.e., n = 11), respectively. The GSS subsystem score was slightly higher than that of PD subsystem (P > 0.05), indicating that the two subsystems had no significant differences. The supply and demand subsystem of ten districts (excluding Conghua) in Guangzhou achieved different levels of coordination, and the average coupling coordination degree was 0.5885, suggesting that the districts were barely balanced at the city level. The Moran's I value was 0.580, indicating that the coupling coordination degree had significant positive global spatial autocorrelation and showed a spatial agglomeration effect. Furthermore, the local Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation showed that three districts (i.e., Yuexiu, Haizhu and Liwan) formed a high supply-high demand cluster and a spatial difference was detected when coupling the GSS and PD in Guangzhou. Therefore, we proposed the differentiated optimization strategies based on the results of the coupling coordination degree and the development status of each district and the entire city. This knowledge can better guide the subsequent construction and development of greenway in Guangzhou and may be useful for adjacent cities in Asia-Pacific region.     

Spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization in Shanghai, China between 1989 and 2005

Quantifying the spatiotemporal pattern of urbanization is necessary to understand urban morphology and its impacts on biodiversity and ecological processes, and thus can provide essential information for improving landscape and urban planning. Recent studies have suggested that, as cities evolve, certain general patterns emerge along the urban–rural gradient although individual cities always differ in details. To help better understand these generalities and idiosyncrasies in urbanization patterns, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Shanghai metropolitan area from 1989 to 2005, based on landscape metrics and remote sensing data. Specifically, the main objectives of our study were to quantitatively characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of urbanization in Shanghai in recent decades, identify possible spatial signatures of different land use types, and test the diffusion coalescence hypotheses of urban growth. We found that, similar to numerous cities around the world reported in previous studies, urbanization increased the diversity, fragmentation, and configurational complexity of the urban landscape of Shanghai. In the same time, however, the urban–rural patterns of several land use types in Shanghai seem unique—quite different from previously reported patterns. For most land use types, each showed a distinctive spatial pattern along a rural–urban transect, as indicated by landscape metrics. Furthermore, the urban expansion of Shanghai exhibited an outward wave-like pattern. Our results suggest that the urbanization of Shanghai followed a complex diffusion–coalescence pattern along the rural–urban transect and in time.     

Assessment of risks to habitat connectivity through the stepping-stone theory: A case study from Shenzhen,China

With the acceleration of urbanization, construction land is gradually expanding, leading to a loss of ecological land. This is increasing the risk of connectivity loss between important natural habitats. In this study, potential ecological corridors and stepping stones under ecological security patterns with different connectivity levels were identified according to the important habitats and resistance surfaces. We analyzed the development potential, vulnerability, and connectivity loss of a fragmented landscape using a support vector machine (SVM), a circuit theory model, and the “exposure-vulnerability-potential loss” framework. Four types of stepping stones that require protection were defined according to the risk structure and level. The results showed that there are 40 important habitats and 50 potential ecological corridors in the ecological security pattern. The SVM results indicated that the possibility of patch development is most sensitive to protection status (−0.923), followed by the slope (−0.770), and distance from the city (−0.210) and roads (−0.147). Additionally, the impact of railways (0.056) and night-time light (0.092) was limited. Elevation (0.267) had a positive effect on development. With an increased security level, the proportion of middle- and high-risk stepping stones gradually decreased, which means that the risk of connectivity loss under urban development can be reduced by creating a security pattern with a higher level and including more stepping-stone patches. Connectivity loss risk management can provide a reference for ecological control line revision and land use planning.     

Aspects influencing the selection of representative urbanization measures to quantify urban–rural gradients

The quantification of urban–rural gradients using urbanization measures has become standard practice in many urban ecological studies. Nonetheless, the choice of urbanization measures for a specific urban gradient still remains problematic. Increasing numbers of papers stress the importance of comparative urban ecological research, in an attempt to contribute to an understanding of the ecology ‘of’ cities. This implies that research in diverse urban areas globally should be comparable. This study follows an approach to quantify the urban–rural gradient in Klerksdorp previously followed in Melbourne, Australia with the goal to help elucidate the viability of creating a standard set of urbanization measures that is useful across continents. Satellite imagery and spatial analysis were used to calculate the values of 12 urbanization measures across a 900 km² landscape grid. Principal components analysis is commonly used to identify smaller subsets of measures to quantify urban–rural gradients. The results of this study indicate that factor analysis is more suitable than principal components analysis and ideal in identifying these independent measures of urbanization. The factor analysis revealed that landscape structure and demographic attributes are both essential characteristics of a city that needs to be accounted for in the choice of urbanization measures. Additionally, we identified seven aspects influencing the direct comparison of cities, namely: scale of analysis, spatial resolution, classification typology, accuracy of input data, specific measure equations, the type of statistical analysis and the habitat context. These aspects must be taken into consideration and resolved before effective comparative gradient research between cities can be achieved.     

Assessing the impacts of urbanization-associated green space on urban land surface temperature: A case study of Dalian,China

Taking Dalian City as the study area, the spatial distribution of urban green space and land surface temperature (LST), as well as their evolution in 1999, 2007 and 2013, were obtained through remote sensing (RS) interpretation and inversion. Landsat ETM and SPOT data were used for this purpose. By combining the temperature and vegetation index models (TVX), the effects of urban green space reduction on the thermal environment during city development were evaluated. The results show the following. (1) During 1999–2013, 88.1 km² of urban green space was converted to other land uses, accounting for a 29.4% reduction in urban green space in the study area. (2) During the study period, the LST in this area increased by +8.455 K. The evolution of the regional thermal landscape can be characterized by increases in the LST, greater complexity of the thermal landscape structure, increase and aggregation of high-temperature areas, and reduction and fragmentation of low-temperature areas. (3) During the process of urbanization, urban green space with low land-surface temperature was converted to other land use types with high land-surface temperature. When development occurred at the price of urban green space, negative effects on the regional thermal environment were observed.     

河北省新型中药材产业模式研究

河北省是中药材生产经营大省,中药材资源丰富,通过政府政策扶持,中药材产业快速发展,形成了"两带三区"产业布局,建立了中药材道地性种植优势产区。该研究应用区位商指数模型,得到了河北省中药材产业在全国具有很强竞争力,专业化程度高的结果,但仍然存在着种源杂乱、山地微小型机械化水平不高、质量检测追溯体系不完善等问题。通过提出一种新型中药材产业模式,以农业物联网平台为基础,整合中药材产业链相关资源,协调中药材经营主体、生产加工企业与高校及科研机构的合作,突破影响产业发展的技术与市场的瓶颈,实现中药材种植智能可视化、产销信息公开化、质量可追溯,提升河北省中药材的经济效益和社会效益,促进河北省中药材产业的发展。