化学疏花剂对富士苹果的疏花疏果效应

选用尿素、施易乐、NAA+BA、TMN-6等4种制剂对富士苹果进行了疏花疏果试验,结果表明:以0.5 mg/L TMN-6制剂的处理效果最好,座果率为27.9%;在盛花期喷布TMN-6,不仅能显著提高疏花效果,且使侧花的结果率显著降低,提高了单果率和中心果率(89.22%和100%);同时TMN-6处理对叶、生长点以及果实生长和果实品质均无不利影响。     

敌百虫对山地国光苹果疏果效应的研究

本文研究了敌百虫对山地国光苹果的疏果效应。结果表明,国光苹果采用盛花后10d喷布900～1125mgL~(-1)的敌百虫,疏除效应显著。喷布1125mgL~(-1)的敌百虫加萘乙酸20mgL~(-1),可使幼果脱落推迟,疏除作用增强。处理后,果实的单果重及第2a的花芽量增加。     

"京玉兰"的育种研究

北京由于气候条件的限制,城市绿化中出现了冬季缺绿和夏季少花的状况。为丰富绿化树种,作者从1990年便开始了广玉兰的引种和杂交试验,并成功获得狭叶广玉兰×紫二乔玉兰的杂种F_1代——京玉兰,其外形酷似父本,唯花期继承了母本并有超显性现象,自3月底到9月初开花不断,花色暗紫,花蕾呈紫黑色,枝叶繁茂,这对改变北京夏季少花的现状有着非常重要的意义。     

Production and nutrient dynamics of reproductive components of teak trees in the dry tropics

Dry matter production and nutrient dynamics were quantified in the reproductive components of 14- and 30-year-old teak (Tectona grandis L.) stands growing in a dry tropical region. Flower production per tree was positively related to tree size. Despite massive flower production (33 x 10(6) and 171 x 10(6) ha(-1) year(-1) in 14- and 30-year-old trees, respectively), only about 0.5-0.7% flowers developed into fruits. Immature fruit abscission totalled 34 and 58% of the total number of fruits initiated in the 14- and 30-year-old stands, respectively. The production of reproductive components (flowers, peduncles and fruits) was 245 kg ha(-1) year(-1) in the 14-year-old stand and 1122 kg ha(-1) year(-1) in the 30-year-old stand. In both stands, relatively greater amounts of dry matter and nutrients were allocated to reproductive parts in September than in other months. Toward the end of the fruit maturation period, considerable nutrient resorption occurred. More than 90% of the nutrients accumulated in the peduncle were resorbed. Smaller amounts, ranging from 21% for K to 58% for N, were resorbed from mature, winged indehiscent fruits.     

久树开花结实习性及繁殖技术研究

久树引种到云南干热河谷区能正常生长和开花结实,其植株开花率约30%,19.2%开雄花,10.8%开杂性花;风媒为主;花期主要集中在每年3月中旬至4月上旬;结果率为开花数的39.9%,丰果率仅为开花数的6.3%,大量落花落果的主要原因是3-4月的河谷大风和雨季初期的大风降雨,在元江河谷区于7月下旬至8月初可采种,其它地方稍晚。久树种子育苗需对种皮进行处理,机械破壳是目前最简便,经济和有效的方法,育苗地要选择光照和通风好的地方。     

A virtual peach fruit model simulating changes in fruit quality during the final stage of fruit growth

A virtual fruit model simulating seasonal changes in several peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit quality traits during the final growth stage is presented. The quality traits considered are fruit size, the proportion of total fruit mass consisting of fruit flesh, dry matter content of the flesh and the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol in the flesh, which are used to calculate a sweetness index. The virtual peach fruit model was developed by adapting and integrating three existing process-based models describing fruit dry mass growth, fruit fresh mass growth and sugar accumulation in the flesh into one complex system. Data sets of peach fruit growth and quality obtained from one field site over several years were used to estimate parameters and evaluate the virtual peach fruit model. Output from the model showed good agreement with the field data. Insight into the complex nature of the virtual peach fruit model, i.e., its ability to show emergent properties, was accomplished by conducting a series of theoretical experiments. The virtual peach fruit model was shown to be sensitive to management and environmental factors (leaf:fruit ratio, stem water potential and, to a lesser extent, weather). Its ability to generate simple laws relating to physiological variables and quality parameters was also demonstrated. Finally, the virtual peach fruit model was able to reveal complex behaviors resulting from changes in water potentials or leaf:fruit ratios over time.     

太行山区仁用杏栽培技术研究

在太行山石灰岩山区阳坡、半阳坡,采用工程措施修筑梯田营建仁用杏园,树体生长迅速,结果早、见效快。同时在花期喷施营养肥料可将坐果率提高20%以上。     

Physiological and biochemical leaf and tree responses to crop load in apple

Seven-year-old apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees cv. 'Braeburn' on rootstock M.26 were flower-thinned to establish four crop loads, resulting in final mean fruit numbers per tree of 0, 100, 225 and 400. Mean fruit mass decreased by about 35% with each decrease in cropping density. Fruit from light-cropping trees had significantly advanced maturity as indicated by the harvest management criteria of background color and starch/iodine score, and other fruit quality characteristics such as soluble solids. Flesh firmness and dry matter also increased with decreasing crop load. Compared with fruiting trees, mean leaf photosynthetic rates of non-cropping trees were significantly lower (40%) between 75 days after full bloom (dafb) and fruit harvest, with a maximum reduction of almost 60% at 118 dafb. Photosynthetic activity decreased linearly with increasing concentration of leaf starch, but was positively and significantly related to stomatal conductance. Consequently, the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves of light-cropping or non-cropping trees may have led to end-product inhibition of photosynthesis. Increases in xanthophyll cycle carotenoids mediated non-radiative thermal energy dissipation in non-cropping trees, providing increased capacity for photoprotection but reducing photochemical efficiency.     

毛棉杜鹃和刺毛杜鹃在广州的生长特性研究

毛棉杜鹃 Rhododendron moulmainense 和刺毛杜鹃 R.championae 分布于我国长江以南海拔500～1500 m 的灌丛或疏林,是观赏价值较高的野生观花树木,但极少在城市园林中应用。文章比较研究了毛棉杜鹃和刺毛杜鹃在广州低海拔地区全阳与林下生境的生长表现与物候特点。结果表明：两种杜鹃花属植物在全阳坡地都有较高成活率,能正常开花结果,但夏季生长不良。林下生长的植株表现良好,但未见开花,反映了光照条件是两种植物花芽分化的重要条件。综合比较,毛棉杜鹃在广州的观赏效果和适应性要优于刺毛杜鹃。     

砀山酥梨花芽分化及开花物候期观察研究

为确定砀山酥梨花芽分化时期,了解其开花过程,试验以砀山酥梨短枝顶芽为试材,采取田间摘叶法,统计花芽的生理分化时期;通过徒手切片、利用OlympusBX51显微镜拍摄记录花芽形态分化不同阶段的纵切面图片。结果表明,砀山酥梨花芽的生理分化始于6月初,持续到7月中下旬;花芽形态分化始期发生在7月下旬,9月中旬为雄蕊出现期,雌蕊出现期在10月中下旬。次年3月下旬,花芽开始膨大,经历花序伸长、花序分离、白蕾期、大蕾期、初花期、盛花期、末花期和谢花期,4月中旬,开花物候期结束。试验结果为促进砀山酥梨花芽分化、提高果实产量与品质,于花期采取适当的栽培管理措施,提供了理论依据。     

昆明引种地的元宝枫开花结实习性研究

以云南昆明地区引种栽培的元宝枫林为对象对其林木的开花结实习性进行了调查研究。结果表明,在昆明引种地元宝枫的花期主要集中在3月份;树冠东南西北4个方位的开花结实量基本无差异;上层树冠开花结实数是下层树冠开花结实数的3倍左右;结实数与开花数呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.642 8;从坐果到果实开始成熟期的落果率约为50%;果实各性状的株间变异特别大,变异系数8.20%~50.55%,但同一植株的果实形态和大小差异不大。     

早酥梨叶枯病危害损失与防治指标研究

梨叶枯病是在早酥梨上发现的一种新病害，病原菌为Ｍｙｃｏｖｅｌｌｏｓｉｅｌｌａ ｐｙｒｉｃｏｌａ。通过调查早酥梨叶枯病在田间的消长动态，实测不同病情指数下１年生早酥梨苗的高、粗生长量、７－８年生结果树平均单果重、单株产量，建立了苗期生长量和结果树产量损失估计模型，推算出该病害防治指标病指苗期为１２．７４％，结果树为１３．８４％。     

Response of winter root starch concentration to severe water stress and fruit load and its subsequent effects on early peach fruit development

Effect of water stress during stage III of peach fruit development on winter root starch concentration (RSC) and subsequent reproductive development was studied. Two irrigation treatments were applied in two consecutive seasons (2003-2004): full irrigation (FI) and no irrigation during stage III of fruit development until visible leaf wilting (LWI), which occurred when midday stem water potential reached -1.80 MPa. Three fruit thinning intensities were applied within each irrigation treatment. The year 2005 was a recovery year in which all trees received full irrigation and commercial fruit thinning. Water deficit and high fruit loads in the previous season significantly reduced the concentration of winter RSC. Fruit set and fruit growth from full bloom to 30 days after full bloom (30 DAFB) increased with increasing winter RSC before other factors, such as inter-fruit competition and availability of carbon from current photosynthesis, came into play. Consequently, severe water stress reduced the total number of fruits and fruit dry mass growth 30 DAFB. However, during the recovery year and after fruit thinning, fruit loads were similar between irrigation treatments and yield capacity remained unaffected. Peach fruit production recovered quickly from the deleterious effects of two consecutive years of water stress because of a combination of two factors: (1) reduced initial fruit set that was still adequate to achieve a commercial crop; and (2) the low sensitivity of fruit growth 30 DAFB to winter RSC.     

Energy costs of flowering, fruiting, and cherelle wilt in cacao

Groups of 14-year-old cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) trees were hand pollinated, pollinated naturally or had their fruits continuously removed. Wilted and non-wilted cherelles (small fruits) were counted every 2 weeks, fallen flowers were counted weekly and mature pods were harvested monthly from 1983 through 1986. Carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents of wilted cherelles, mature pods and flowers were determined. Continuous removal of fruits caused a constant initiation of flowers and a significant increase in flowering intensity compared with the other treatments. The quantity of cherelles in the hand-pollinated trees was significantly greater than in the naturally pollinated trees. However, the number of mature fruits in both treatments was not statistically different because of increased cherelle wilting in the hand-pollinated trees. The continuously depodded trees allocated approximately 8 and 5 times more assimilate to flower production than the hand- and naturally pollinated trees, respectively. The naturally pollinated trees used only about one third as much energy for the production of flowers and wilted cherelles as the hand-pollinated trees, but about 1.4 times more energy than the depodded trees. It is concluded that fruit set in cacao is regulated by assimilate production and that cherelle wilting is the mechanism whereby the tree adjusts production.     

应用板栗疏雄醇疏除板栗雄花的试验

板栗树雄花序较多，大量消耗树体营养，是造成板栗减产的1个因素，故应用不同浓度的板栗疏雄醇开展了疏除板栗雄花的试验。初步摸索出在板栗花期喷布1000～1500倍的板栗疏雄醇稀释液，能有效地抑制板栗雄花序的生长，对板栗混合花序有疏雄保雌的功能，可提高座果率5.9%～10.8%，增加栗果单粒重0.6～1.1g，是提高栗园产量的一项新的技术措施。     

油菜素内酯对肥城桃光合作用和果实品质的影响

为了提高肥城桃果实品质,以‘红里’为试材,研究了叶面喷施不同质量浓度的油菜素内酯对肥城桃叶片的叶绿素含量、光合作用及其果实内可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量、淀粉含量和单果质量等指标的影响。结果表明,不同的肥城桃发育时期喷施不同质量浓度的油菜素内酯对果实品质的影响不同,硬核期喷施0.10 mg/L的油菜素内酯的处理效果最佳,与对照相比,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量和单果质量分别提高了11.18%、14.42%、8.01%、18.39%和11.88%。     

茶花切花保鲜技术研究

近年来,国内外对切花保鲜的研究多数以香石竹、月季等为对象,并侧重于瓶插保鲜为主。对茶花切花保鲜,特别是从花枝选择、贮运到瓶插保鲜进行系列配套技术的研究,国内外尚未见有报道。为了开发茶花切花保鲜技术,自1986年起进行了保鲜剂筛选、花枝选择、贮运保鲜等一系列试验,已取得初步成果,现报道如下。     

Variations in dendrometric and fruiting characters of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitellaria paradoxa</Emphasis> populations and multivariate models for estimation of fruit yield

The fruit of Vitellaria paradoxa is an ideal raw material in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and confectionery industries. There are no accurate data on annual fruit yield due to the lack of objective assessment tools. The objectives of this study were to develop fruit yield prediction models based on dendrometric and fruiting variables, to examine variations in these variables between upland and lowland populations in Burkina Faso, and associations between these variables. A total of 191 fruiting trees were selected according to crown accessibility, and 17 dendrometric and fruiting variables were recorded. The fruit yield, expressed in number of fruits per tree, fresh and dry weights of fruits, was assessed by collecting fruits dropped overnight until the end of the fruiting period. Fruit yield prediction models were derived for each population using partial least squares regression. The results showed significant differences in dendrometric and fruiting variables between populations (P < 0.01). The lowland population had the highest values for most of the dendrometric variables while fruiting variables were the highest for the upland population. A strong significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between number of shoots and fruiting variables. Within individual trees, fruit yield was lowest for the bottom part of the crown and the section of the crown with north-east orientation. Fruit yield parameters were successfully predicted based on selected dendrometric and fruiting variables (prediction error = 0.092 and 0.125 for upland and lowland populations, respectively). All fruiting variables, number of shoots and crown attributes had the highest influence on the models.     

龙王帽杏树落花落果调查

对龙王帽仁用杏树落花落果的一般规律及发生原因进行了初步调查分析,结果表明, 在平顺县落花集中发生在４ 月２６ 日以前, 导致落花的主要原因有开花早、本身存在部分不完全花, 以及低温、大风、冻害等。落果集中发生在５ 月２６ 日以前,主要由于新梢生长与果实发育竞争养分而造成。在此基础上提出了一些预防和减少落花落果的具体措施。     

蔗糖对百合切花的保鲜效果

在添加8-HQ(杀菌剂)的基础上,探讨不同蔗糖浓度、不同处理方式对百合切花保鲜效果的影响.结果表明:不论蔗糖预处理还是瓶插处理,对百合切花瓶插寿命的影响都不显著;但在不同程度上促进了花苞直径的增长和切花鲜重的增加,尤其是蔗糖5g·L-1以上的瓶插处理显著提高了花瓣中可溶性糖的含量,促进了切花花苞直径的增长.综合瓶插寿命、花苞直径及切花鲜重等指标来看,蔗糖的瓶插处理保鲜效果好于蔗糖预处理;但蔗糖的瓶插处理尤其是高浓度处理,会加速叶片的黄化,导致切花叶片观赏质量下降,这可能与切花叶片中糖类物质的过度积累有关.