山地苹果化学疏果效应的研究

本文对山地苹果进行了化学疏果的试验研究。结果表明,国光苹果采用西维因2000mgL~(-1)和乙烯利300mgL~(-1)加萘乙酸20mgL~(-1),金冠苹果采用西维因1500mgL~(-1),均有较好的疏除效应。     

萘乙酸在果树上的应用

萘乙酸简称NAA,是一种植物生长调节剂,近年在果树生产上应用得十分广泛,它对果树生长有许多奇妙的功效,现介绍如下。1　疏果金冠、元帅系苹果和鸭梨在盛花后2周喷20mg/L萘乙酸,国光苹果盛花后10天喷20mg/L萘乙酸 300mg/L乙烯利,可收到显著的疏果效果。2　防止采前落果津轻、元帅系及其短枝型品种、红玉等苹果采前落果较严重,在采前落果开始前5～10天,喷布30～40mg/L的萘乙酸,相隔10～15天再喷1次,可防止采前落果,并可促进果实着色。用70mg/L的萘乙酸在7月20日左右喷布沙果,可减少落果26%～46%,而且着色果率提高49%。3　促进扦插生根用50…     

萘乙酸和乙烯利对梨树的疏花疏果效应

对10年生梨园在梨树初花期、盛花期和落花期分别喷布不同浓度和配比的乙烯利和萘乙酸,结果表明：乙烯利在初花期使用,疏除效果不明显,盛花期使用200-400mg／L效果好,坐果率达到12％～18％,疏除效果较适宜;2-10mg／L的萘乙酸获得较理想的效果,疏除率达到85％左右;2-10mg／L的萘乙酸与200～400萘mg／L的乙烯利配合使用,疏除率达到80％。正确使用各种化学药剂对鸭梨和雪花梨进行疏花疏果可达到良好效果,省时省工省力,有广阔发展前景,试验结果对指导生产有一定的实际意义。     

报刊文摘

苹果花期喷醋能提高座果率在苹果盛花期喷雾食用醋,能提高花朵和花序的座果率。经试验,国光苹果树株喷食用醋液3000ppm,比对照(自然座果树)分别提高3.67—10.65％,喷3500ppm 比对照分别提高3.81—10.2％;印度苹果树喷3500ppm 食用醋液比对照分别提高9.81—13.95％。在使用时,国光浓度大于3500ppm,印度大于4000ppm,即会发生花瓣灼伤。我国最大的林木工厂化育苗基地在兴建中据《江苏林业信息》报1987年12月15日报道:江苏省林科所承担国家计委下达的攻关项目—林木工厂化育苗工业性试验,国家投资310万元,兴建试验楼2500平方米,温室1000平方米,计划在1988年建成,1988年     

苹果1—2年生幼树禁用粉秀宁、水胺硫磷

苹果1—2年生幼树,以促为主,迅速扩冠,增大枝、叶量,为早果,高产、优质奠定基础。由于一些地方果农用药不慎,在苹果幼树生长季节喷施粉秀宁、水胺硫磷,造成枝叶不长,形成小老树。 据我们调查,商水县巴村镇双楼田村一果农,于94年5月中旬,对新栽苹果树喷布25%可湿性粉剂1000倍的粉秀宁。喷后月内未发枝条,月后生长较慢,节间变短,叶片增厚、变硬;个别植株在主干上形成花芽。于10月中旬测量,喷布粉秀宁的幼树枝条生长量仅相当于对照枝条,长度的60%。原因是粉秀宁能抑制植物体内源赤霉素和内源生长素的合成,所以苹果幼树在生长季节不能喷布粉秀宁。 该县黄寨镇草楼村一果农,于94年6月中旬、7月中旬两次对2年生苹果树喷布40%乳油2000倍水胺硫磷,防治红蜘蛛。喷后苹     

红富士苹果最佳疏花疏果时间

红富士苹果最佳疏花疏果时间据澳大利亚科技人员分别用萘乙酸和乙烯利进行疏花疏果试验结果，以在盛花期（有１０％花瓣脱落）喷布萘乙酸疏花效果最好，浓度１０ｍｇ／１。推迟疏花疏果时间，提高浓度，不会提高效果，而且出现许多小果，用乙烯利对４年生的长富—２苹果进...     

植物生长调节剂提高山茱萸座果率试验

本文研究了植物生长调节剂对山茱萸(Cornus officinalis)的保果效应。结果表明,山茱萸幼果期喷布0.1ppm 三十烷醇,盛花期喷布12ppm 萘乙酸和250ppm 赤霉素,均能提高座果率。     

山地苹果梨更新措施

目前许多山地苹果梨园,因树体衰老,加之果园管理比较粗放,导致病虫害发生比较严重,许多苹果梨园被毁,使苹果梨品质和产量明显下降。为提高其产量和质量,增加经济效益,对苹果梨低产老果园进行更新改造十分必要。一、大枝更新1.疏除大枝。首先疏除上部大枝,打开光路;其次,疏除生长过于强壮、占据空间较多、中下部光秃的大枝。对生长直立、     

一次疏蕾树苹果坐果率及品质的影响

一次疏蕾树苹果坐果率及品质的影响苹果进入盛果期后，往往会形成大量花芽，开花过多，使品质下降，产生大小年现象。因此，多采用疏花疏果控制结果量。常规方法是开花前疏１次花。坐果后再疏１次幼果。但因费工。果农多在坐果后疏１次果，并且疏除量不够，达不到疏花疏果...     

药剂促苹果幼树早丰产

在苹果生产中,常出现5～7年生的幼龄树还未结果或结果极少的现象。对于这样的幼龄树,在春季新梢旺盛生长期的6月份,取BG2000ppm,加入等量的乙烯利500ppm,混合均匀后,喷布树冠,每隔10天喷一次,连喷2次,每次喷布至叶面     

大小年毛竹林改制技术试验初报

毛竹林按其经营制有花年竹林和大小年竹林之分。花年竹林即年年发笋长竹且相邻年份林分生长量相近的竹林。大小年竹林则不同,相邻年份林分竹笋和竹秆等的生长量相差悬殊,其中的一年由于林分生长量很少,甚至无笋无新竹,称为小年。资料和作者在龙游县毛竹低产林改造技术研究的结果皆表明,大小年毛竹林的年均(或度)经济产量和生物量不及     

3种激素对紫薇疏果效果分析

对紫薇进行疏果试验的结果表明：采用40％乙烯利WC100mlM667m2进行疏果,药后30天单株落果率为67．08％、果序重355．6g,明显好于其他激素的疏果效果,且对苗木较为安全,基本上能达到疏果目的;75％赤霉酸SP0．5g／667m2、80％萘乙酸SP5g／667m2疏果效果不明显。     

枇杷疏花疏果技术及对产量品质影响研究

通过对各参试品种在湘南低山丘陵区红壤土、石灰土、钙质土立地条件下枇杷优质丰产高效栽培技术研究及相关资料的系统分析,提出了枇杷疏花疏果技术要点。并以红壤土上10~14年生太城四号枇杷为材料,系统研究了疏花疏果对枇杷果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明:太城四号枇杷疏花疏果后以每穗留果3~5个为最佳,疏果后平均单果重、单株产量及收益分别比对照提高117%、32%、163%。同时可提高果实的可食率、可溶性固形物含量、含糖量,降低含酸量,有效改善果实品质、口感风味、色泽,大大缩短果实采摘期。     

灵蜜脯加工工艺的研究

本试验以灵蜜瓜为原料,经2年研制,掌握了灵蜜脯的加工工艺。实验和生产结果表明,该工艺简单、易掌握、成本低、经济效益高。产品色艳、质优,是具有推广前景的新产品。     

Factors involved in alleviating water stress by partial crop removal in pear trees

We studied the relief of water stress associated with fruit thinning in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees during drought to determine what mechanisms, other than stomatal adjustment, were involved. Combinations of control irrigation (equal to crop water use less effective rainfall) and deficit irrigation (equal to 20% of control irrigation), fruit load (unthinned and thinned to 40 fruits per tree) and root pruning (pruned and unpruned) treatments were applied to pear (cv. 'Conference') trees during Stage II of fruit development. Daily patterns of midday stem water potential (Psi(stem)) and leaf conductance to water vapor (g(l)) of deficit-irrigated trees differed after fruit thinning. In response to fruit thinning, gl progressively declined with water stress until 30 days after fruit thinning and then leveled off, whereas the effects of decreased fruit load on Psi(stem) peaked 30-40 days after fruit thinning and then tended to decline. Soil water depletion was significantly correlated with fruit load during drought. Our results indicate that stomatal adjustment and the resulting soil water conservation were the factors determining the Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning. However, these factors could not explain differences in daily patterns between g(l) and Psi(stem) after fruit thinning. In all cases, effects of root pruning treatments on Psi(stem) in deficit-irrigated trees were transitory (Psi(stem) recovered from root pruning in less than 30 days), but the recovery of Psi(stem) after root pruning was faster in trees with low fruit loads. This behavior is compatible with the concept that the water balance (reflected by Psi(stem) values) was better in trees with low fruit loads compared with unthinned trees, perhaps because more carbon was available for root growth. Thus, a root growth component is hypothesized as a mechanism to explain the bimodal Psi(stem) response to fruit thinning during drought.     

杨梅疏果量与经济效益关系分析

用比较分析法和多目标最优化法对不同的杨梅疏果量与投入、产量、产值、效益的关系进行比较、分析表明 :疏果措施可提高杨梅的品质 ,增加产值和收益 ,当疏果量达到 6 0 %时有最大的纯收益 ,疏果量达到 70 %时有最好的投资效果 ,6 0 %～ 70 %的疏果量是杨梅最佳疏果方案     

Is forest mushroom productivity driven by tree growth? Results from a thinning experiment

? Most of the edible forest mushrooms are mycorrhizal and depend on carbohydrates produced by the associated trees. Fruiting patterns of these fungi are not yet fully understood since climatic factors alone do not completely explain mushroom occurrence.

? The objective of this study was to retrospectively find out if changing tree growth following an increment thinning has influenced the diversity patterns and productivity of associated forest mushrooms in the fungus reserve La Chanéaz, Switzerland.

? The results reveal a clear temporal relationship between the thinning, the growth reaction of trees and the reaction of the fungal community, especially for the ectomycorrhizal species. The tree-ring width of the formerly suppressed beech trees and the fruit body number increased after thinning, leading to a significantly positive correlation between fruit body numbers and tree-ring width.

? Fruit body production was influenced by previous annual tree growth, the best accordance was found between fruit body production and the tree-ring width two years previously.

? The results support the hypothesis that ectomycorrhizal fruit body production must be linked with the growth of the associated host trees. Moreover, the findings indicate the importance of including mycorrhizal fungi as important players when discussing a tree as a carbon source or sink.

     

化学疏花剂对富士苹果的疏花疏果效应

选用尿素、施易乐、NAA+BA、TMN-6等4种制剂对富士苹果进行了疏花疏果试验,结果表明:以0.5 mg/L TMN-6制剂的处理效果最好,座果率为27.9%;在盛花期喷布TMN-6,不仅能显著提高疏花效果,且使侧花的结果率显著降低,提高了单果率和中心果率(89.22%和100%);同时TMN-6处理对叶、生长点以及果实生长和果实品质均无不利影响。     

优质小国光苹果生产周年管理作业历的研究

承德县具有昼夜气温变化剧烈,温差较大的独特的气候特征,所产小国光苹果质量上乘,主要管理作业为萌芽期重点是腐烂病、轮纹病等病虫害防治;开花期及开花后重点是早期疏果和套袋;套袋后主要是病害防治和疏梢、疏叶和去袋采收;落叶后重点是冬季修剪。