甲基丁香酚和蛋白铒剂添加不同杀虫剂诱杀橘小实蝇的效果

2010-2011年，在海南省热带果园进行了甲基丁香酚和蛋白饵剂添加不同杀虫剂诱杀橘小实蝇效果的比较试验。结果显示，甲基丁香酚10ml添加45%马拉硫磷0.8ml诱杀橘小实蝇雄成虫的效果最好；而添加3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐0.8ml的效果次之，但二者差异性不显著。蛋白水解液（45%假丝酵母20?.0g 水350ml）不添加任何杀虫剂诱捕橘小实蝇两性成虫的效果最好，而添加45%马拉硫磷1.5ml后与前者相比，尽管诱捕虫量略低，但杀雌的效果明显优于前者。综合诱捕效果、安全性和环保等因素，3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐可作马拉硫磷的替代药剂与引诱剂甲基丁香酚混配使用；采用麦克菲尔式或相类似的诱捕器进行橘小实蝇监测和防治时，蛋白饵剂可不添加杀虫剂进行使用。     

不同引诱剂产品对桔小实蝇引诱效果比较

为筛选一种对桔小实蝇具有较好引诱效果的昆虫信息素引诱剂产品，在福建对比了3种不同配方实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇的引诱效果，并在广东、广西和云南对比了6种实蝇引诱剂产品对桔小实蝇的引诱效果。田间结果显示，实蝇双性引诱剂SYSXYYJ02对桔小实蝇的引诱效果最佳；柑桔小实蝇引诱剂对桔小实蝇诱捕量最高；柑桔小实蝇引诱剂、果蝇颗粒剂和聪绿?果实蝇饵剂对桔小实蝇雌成虫基本无引诱效果；实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇具有雌雄双诱效果，且诱捕雌虫占比达58.84%以上。柑桔小实蝇引诱剂在桔小实蝇监测上极具推广价值，实蝇双性引诱剂对桔小实蝇引诱效果稳定，雌雄双诱，在防治上极具推广价值。     

广西桃李梨橘小实蝇为害调查及其田间防控试验

2018～2019年分别对广西桂北地区8个县（区）桃李梨的11个品种31个果园进行了橘小实蝇为害调查,同时用果瑞特?0.1%阿维菌素浓饵剂进行了防控试验,分别对其持效期、杀雌率（%）、虫果率（%）、安全性及可操作性等进行了田间效果评价。调查表明：橘小实蝇几乎可为害广西桂北地区所有的桃李梨品种,虫果率为0-56.76%;试验证明：果瑞特?0.1%阿维菌素浓饵剂对橘小实蝇杀雌率可达40.61%、持效期10d,虫果率一般在5%以下,小面积果园（≤0.33hm2）使用亦具有较好的防治效果,且安全性好、绿色环保,使用简单、省工省时、可操作性强,可在桃李梨生产上大面积推广应用。     

不同诱剂配方对柑橘小实蝇的引诱作用

测试了不同诱剂配方对柑橘小实蝇成虫的诱杀效果，试验结果表明，引诱效果最好的是甲基丁香酚 水解蛋白 红糖 敌百虫，7d内对柑橘小实蝇的引诱数量为:15.3333?6.514头/瓶，雌虫率占总虫量的18.9 %；其次为乙酸乙酯 甲基丁香酚，7d内引诱数量为:11.9667?7.4597头/瓶；另外，添加一定量的红糖、乙酸乙酯可显著提高引诱率，猎蝇、异丁香酚诱瓶诱杀效果不理想。     

基于均匀设计与支持向量回归的柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂配方优化

为了提高诱杀剂对柑橘大实蝇的诱杀能力，本研究以柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）成虫为供试对象，通过Y型嗅觉仪试验，利用均匀设计（Uniform Design，UD)和支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression，SVR)对优化配方的柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂进行了筛选与研究。经过两轮室内筛选优化，柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀剂对柑橘大实蝇雌虫的引诱效率由之前的50%提高到了76.7%，提高了26.7%,优化效果明显。通过单因子效应分析发现，引诱成分中，柠檬烯、柠檬酸、乙酸对柑橘大实蝇雌虫的引诱有更加重要的作用。其单位配方（按100mL水溶剂算），最适的量分别为1.5 mL，1.0 g，1.0 mL。     

海南热带果园桔小实蝇诱捕效果比较研究

2021年3月至11月，在杨桃园和莲雾园，经调查发现桔小实蝇在杨桃园和莲雾园均发生3代，杨桃园和莲雾园对桔小实蝇总量、雌蝇、雄蝇的诱捕存在极显著性差异（P=0.001），且杨桃园桔小实蝇总量、雌蝇总量、雄蝇总量均高于莲雾园。在不同诱剂处理下，杨桃园和莲雾园之间均存在极显著性差异（P=0.000），杨桃园和莲雾园桔小实蝇雌蝇的诱虫量和诱捕效果：塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器＞塞拉诺克，95%甲基丁香酚＞黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器。对桔小实蝇雄蝇的诱虫量和诱捕效果在杨桃园：95%甲基丁香酚＞塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器，塞拉诺克，黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器；莲雾园：95%甲基丁香酚＞塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器＞塞拉诺克，黄板＞空白桶形诱捕器。杨桃园和莲雾园雌蝇占比最高为塞拉诺克联合桶形诱捕器处理分别为68.84%、60.84%。     

海南番石榴园橘小实蝇种群动态与综合防治研究

2010～2012年采用甲基丁香酚灭雄和蛋白饵剂诱杀雄、雌两性成虫的方法，开展了海南番石榴园橘小实蝇 Bactrocera dordalis (Hendel) 种群动态监测与综合防治研究。结果显示，海南番石榴园6~9月橘小实蝇种群发生的2个高峰期分别在6月下旬～7月上旬、8月上旬；橘小实蝇种群密度(667m2/d诱杀橘小实蝇虫量)与番石榴果实被害率明显呈正相关；及时清园和处理虫、落果的番石榴园橘小实蝇种群发生密度比对照果园相对减少了110.72头667m2/d，二者相差约23倍；番石榴园园内与园外隔离带的橘小实蝇种群动态呈线性关系。 同时，应用诱杀技术与及时清园和处理虫、落果等农业措施相结合的方法综合防治番石榴园橘小实蝇的效果显著，在不套袋和不喷施农药的情况下3造番石榴的保果率达66.44%。     

“黏王”昆虫物理诱黏剂等几种诱剂对柑橘小实蝇的诱集效果

为了减少防控柑橘小实蝇的化学农药使用量,保证农产品质量安全,引进实蝇生物诱捕剂、“黏王”昆虫物理诱黏剂、“新致高”信息素杀灭剂、实蝇粘胶板进行田间诱集效果试验,结果：“黏王”昆虫物理诱黏剂和实蝇粘胶板诱集小实蝇效果较好,值得大面积推广应用,实蝇生物诱捕剂和“新致高”信息素杀灭剂待于进一步研究。     

好粘等粘胶对柑橘小实蝇的诱杀作用分析

采用黄色粘虫板对梨园内柑橘小实蝇成虫的诱杀效果进行了研究，结果表明：好粘对柑橘小实蝇的诱杀效果最好，试验期间7d内虫量达52.7头/板，雌虫比例为1.5%；其次为附有甲基丁香酚、甲基丁香酚 乙酸乙酯 乙醇的纽康牌黄板，7d内诱虫量分别为25.7头/板和24.6头/板；附有异丁香酚的黄板和单一黄板效果最差。另外，附有诱蝇酮的黄板对南瓜实蝇的效果较好。     

糖醋酒液对羊奶果园内橘小实蝇的诱集效果

摘要: 为测定糖醋酒液对羊奶果园内橘小实蝇的诱集效果,本文在羊奶果园内分别比较了单一成分的不同质量分数的糖溶、醋、酒溶液的诱虫效果，进而比较了3种糖醋液、2种醋酒液、6种糖酒液等11种二元混配的溶液和10.0%糖溶液的诱虫效果。结果表明：10.0%、100%、25.0%分别是糖、醋、酒单一溶液的最佳使用质量分数，其中10.0%糖溶液可以诱集到19.67头橘小实蝇，诱虫效果在单一成分中最好。在二元混配溶液中，SA1对橘小实蝇的诱集效果显著好于其它10种二元混配溶液和10.0%S的，具有显著的增效作用，在羊奶果园内具有较好的诱集效果。     

桔小实蝇在柑桔园的防治指标

运用田间罩笼法在明确桔小实蝇释放量与柑桔损失率、释放量与诱捕量之间的关系基础上，推导出诱捕量与损失率之间的关系，并建立了桔小实蝇防治指标模型，以台州市温州蜜橘的最低售价及防治成本等参数得出桔小实蝇在柑桔园相对每棵柑桔的防治指标为2.2头。     

陇东旱塬果园生草对土壤水分及苹果树生长的影响

陇东旱塬为半干旱区,年降雨量偏小且分布不均,果园生草是否会存在与果树争水的问题尚不清楚。为了探讨陇东旱塬果园生草是否存在与果树争水的问题,2014-2015年本试验以果园清耕和果园覆草为对照,探讨果园种植白三叶（Trifolium repens）和鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）对果园土壤水分及苹果树（Malus domestica）生长的影响。结果表明：果园种植白三叶和鸭茅降低了0~120 cm土层土壤水分,土壤水分蒸散量较果园清耕分别提高30.20 mm和48.65 mm,较果园覆草分别提高29.54 mm和47.99 mm;果园覆草与果园清耕则基本一致。果园种植白三叶和鸭茅的苹果单果重较果园清耕分别降低7.17%和13.69%,较果园覆草分别降低12.05%和18.22%;苹果产量较果园清耕分别降低14.33%和20.18%,较果园覆草分别降低21.84%和27.17%。果园覆草的苹果单果重较果园清耕提高5.53%,产量提高9.60%。果园种植白三叶和鸭茅的土壤水分利用效率较果园清耕分别降低20.56%和28.99%,较果园覆草分别降低27.39%和35.10%;果园覆草较果园清耕提高9.42%。陇东旱塬苹果园不宜生草,而应覆草。     

Partial dehulling of barley effect the concentrations of both gross and ileal digestible amino acids in pigs

Five barrows (58 kg initial BW, 80 kg final BW) fitted with an ileo-rectal anastomosis were used to determine the effect of partial dehulling of two- and six-row barley varieties on the concentrations of ileal digestible amino acids (AA). The following diets were provided according to a standardized diet formulation and tested in five consecutive periods (repeated group-period design): two-row barley (TRB) + casein (C), dehulled TRB (TRB-H) + C, six-row barley (SRB) + C, dehulled SRB (SRB-H) + C, and wheat starch + C. Daily rates of approximately 80 g DM × kg BW^− 0.75 in barley diets and 49 g DM × kg BW^− 0.75 in the casein diet were supplied. The digestibility of AA in barley was determined by the difference method (casein as basal diet) using quantitative ileal effluent collection.

In TRB and SRB the ID of CP and AA did not differ. As demonstrated on selected key AA there were increases of both concentrations of gross AA and of ileal AA digestibility duo to dehulling. Consequently, the contents of ileal digestible AA were raised by up to 39% for lysine and 38% for methionine in TRB-H and SRB-H, respectively.     

南宁市火龙果产区橘小实蝇成虫消长规律研究

本研究旨在弄清南宁市火龙果产区橘小实蝇成虫田间消长规律,以期为橘小实蝇的预测预报和综合防控提供理论依据。采用甲基丁香酚(methyl eugenol)为诱芯的诱捕器和涂有甲基丁香酚的黄板,在南宁市良庆区那陈镇西宁村和南宁市邕宁区蒲庙振企农业科技有限公司两大火龙果基地设置了14个监测点,诱捕监测2018年～2019年的橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis成虫消长动态并根据当地气象资料分析气象因素与橘小实蝇成虫活动数量的关系。结果表明,橘小实蝇诱捕高峰期发生在7月下半月～9月下半月,12月下半月~次年3月下半月未捕获到成虫;气温是影响当地橘小实蝇活动的主要气象因子。     

Definition of apparent, true, and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs

Measures of ileal digestibility (ID) are used routinely as estimates of amino acid (AA) bio-availability in pig feed ingredients. Values for ID may be expressed as apparent (AID), standardized (SID), or true (TID). Values for AID are calculated by deducting the total ileal outflow of AA (the sum of endogenous losses (IAA_end) and non-digested dietary AA) from dietary AA intake. The IAA_end may be separated into basal losses, which are not influenced by feed ingredient composition, and specific losses induced by feed ingredient characteristics such as anti-nutritional factors and dietary fiber. If the AID values are corrected for total IAA_end, then values for TID are calculated. Lack of additivity of AID values in feed formulation may be overcome by correcting AID values for basal IAA_end only, which yields SID values. Until reliable procedures for the routine measurement of specific IAA_end become available, it is suggested that SID values are used for feed formulation. It is advisable that basal IAA_end are measured in digestibility experiments and that these losses are reported with SID values.     

Effect of common antinutritive factors and fibrous feedstuffs in pig diets on amino acid digestibilities with special emphasis on threonine

Most feedstuffs contain antinutritive factors (ANF) such as insoluble fibers, lignins, tannins, and lectins. Intake of these ANF has the ability to reduce nutrient digestibility and to increase endogenous protein losses, such as through increased intestinal mucus secretion. The objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities (AID) of AA of 6 ANF-enriched diets to estimate endogenous protein loss associated with these ingredients in diets for young pigs. Forty-two 10-kg BW pigs fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 casein-based diets with: no supplement (control), 100 g/kg of canola meal (CM), 100 g/kg of wheat bran (WB), 150 g/kg of barley (BR), 22.5 g/kg of lignin (LG), 15 g/kg of kidney beans [as a lectin (LE) source], and 15 g/kg of tannins (TN). All diets were formulated to be similar in N, indispensable AA, and caloric contents. After a 7-d adaptation to the test diets, N balance was conducted for 5 d, followed by 24 h of collection of digesta for analyses of AA. Pigs fed BR had 17% lower ADG and 15% lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) compared with control and CM pigs. Pigs fed diets containing WB and BR had lower N retention as a percentage of absorbed N compared with all other groups (P = 0.03). The AID for CP was lower in BR, WB, and LE pigs compared with control. Of the AA, AID of Thr was notably lowest in BR, WB, and TN pigs (P < 0.05). The standardized ileal digestibility was lower in WB and BR pigs for most indispensable AA. Altogether, these data suggest that hemicellulose fiber, at concentrations typical in commercial swine diets, reduces AID of AA by increasing endogenous losses. Understanding the differential effects of ANF on endogenous losses of individual dietary AA will improve the accuracy of diet formulation.     

Determination of true ileal amino acid digestibility and the endogenous amino acid outputs associated with barley samples for growing-finishing pigs by the regression analysis technique

This study was conducted to determine true ileal AA digestibility coefficients and the endogenous AA outputs associated with barley samples for growing-finishing pigs using the regression analysis technique with dual digestibility markers. Six barrows, with 30.5 and 58.6 kg average initial and final BW, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum and fed six barley-based diets at close to ad libitum feed intake according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The six diets contained 97% of six barley samples varying from low to high in CP and AA contents (8.5, 9.2, 9.8, 11.5, 12.6, and 15.6% CP, respectively, on DM basis). The dietary NDF content ranged from 16.8 to 23.8% on DM basis. Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) and acid-insoluble ash (AIA) were used as digestibility markers. Each experimental period lasted 7 d. Ileal digesta were collected, at 2-h intervals, for a total of 24 h during d 6 and 7. There were linear relationships (P < 0.01) between dietary contents of apparent ileally digestible and total CP and AA as determined by using either Cr2O3 or AIA as a digestibility marker. The use of Cr2O3 vs AIA affected (P < 0.01) the determination of true ileal AA digestibility coefficients and the endogenous CP and AA outputs. However, there were no differences (P > 0.01) in the true ileal AA digestibility coefficients in barley samples between this study and the average values reported in the literature. The endogenous CP and AA outputs determined in this study were higher (P < 0.01) than reported values (35.1+/-3.0 vs 14.7+/-1.1 g CP/kg DMI). It is concluded that dual digestibility markers should be used to measure true ileal AA digestibility coefficients and endogenous AA outputs when dietary fiber content is high and the ileal digesta is collected through a simple T-cannula in the pig. True rather than apparent ileal AA digestibility coefficients determined in barley samples should be used in diet formulation for swine. The gastrointestinal endogenous AA secretion, recycling, and output losses are important in whole-body AA utilization and homeostasis, especially when fiber-enriched diets are fed to growing-finishing pigs.