三个地理种群鲂的形态差异与判别分析

采集了北江、钱塘江、金沙河水库3个地理种群的鲂（Megalobrama skolkovii）414尾样本,用传统形态学和框架分析法,运用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析法比较研究了37个形态比例性状。结果表明：3个种群的口裂长／头长、吻长／头长、口宽／头长、上颌厚／头长、全长／体长、体厚／体长、头长／体长、尾柄长／体长、尾柄高／体长、尾柄长／尾柄高、1—2／体长、1—3／体长、2—4／体长、2—5／体长、3—5／体长、4—5／体长、4—6／体长、4—7／体长、5—6／体长、6—8／体长、6—9／体长、7—8／体长,及7—9／体长23个性状差异显著（P〈0．05）（1：吻端;2：头部后缘;3：胸鳍起点;4：背鳍起点;5：腹鳍起点;6：背鳍基部末端;7：臀鳍起点;8：尾鳍背部起点;9：尾鳍腹部起点）;聚类结果显示,北江与金沙河水库首先聚为一类,认为北江群体与金沙河水库群体形态最为相似;主成分分析构建了9个主成分,累计贡献率为60．26％;以Bayes逐步判别分析方法选用18个判别效果较好的比例性状建立了3个鲂地理种群的判别函数,判别率为99．03％。结果显示,可以通过形态比例性状来判断鲂的3个地理群体的归属。     

北方须鳅4个地理种群的形态差异与判别分析

用聚类分析、主成分分析、判别分析等方法比较了图们江、松花江、鸭绿江、黑龙江4个地理种群北方须鳅Barbatula nuda的14个形态性状,探讨了不同地理种群间的形态差异。单因素方差分析显示：4个地理种群北方须鳅的头高/体长差异显著（P〈0.05）,头长/体长、尾柄长/体长、背吻距/体长、背尾距/体长差异极显著（P〈0.01）;主成分分析与聚类分析结果基本一致,黑龙江和鸭绿江差异最小,其次是图们江和松花江,而黑龙江与图们江,鸭绿江与松花江种群间差异较大;判别分析获得了6个比例性状,构建了区分上述4个种群的判别函数,综合判别准确率达87％。研究显示,北方须鳅的4个地理种群间形态特征产生了一定的差异,可以运用判别分析将其进行初步区分。     

陕西省水产研究所首次放流携带芯片的秦岭细鳞鲑

<正>2013年12月,陕西省水产研究所在太白县石头河一级支流白云峡水域开展秦岭细鳞鲑人工标记增殖放流试验。试验利用芯片追踪放流后苗种在野外的生长情况,这在陕西省尚属首次。据陕西省水产研究所负责人介绍,此次共放流秦岭细鳞鲑苗种310尾,全部采用PIT芯片进行标记,苗种的放流时间、放流时的身体情况以及体长、体重、联系方式等数据都将记录在芯片上。无论这条苗种游到何方,身体里的芯片都将记录它的资料。芯片也就成了这条苗种的身份证,便于水产研究所工作人员及时跟踪掌握放流苗种的生长繁育情况,回捕了解苗种在野外环境的适应能力,估算统计种群数量。从而为下一步开展大规模人工增殖放流提供科学依据,对陕西省水生野生动物的保护起到积极作用。     

淮河流域似鳊不同群体的形态差异分析

研究似鳊群体间形态差异及与生境的关系,为淮河流域鱼类物种多样性研究和资源保护提供基础资料。选择淮河干流望岗及支流潢河、宿鸭湖,2015年7-8月采集似鳊群体,测量16项形态学可量性状,得到16项比例性状数据;运用SPSS20.0软件对比例性状数据进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析。结果显示,望岗群体与潢河群体形态差异较小,两者均与宿鸭湖群体形态差异较大;相比望岗群体和潢河群体,宿鸭湖群体的胸鳍、腹鳍明显短小,表现出一定的退化;头部更瘦削,尾柄更加粗壮;望岗与潢河生境相似,宿鸭湖与它们生境差异较大,推测3个似鳊群体间的形态差异与其生境有关。胸鳍长/体长、腹鳍长/体长可作为在形态上区分3个似鳊群体的主要依据。     

易捕鲤选育系（F2）分离情况及形态学特征

对1995年和1996年秋季的易捕鲤选育系(F2)的分离情况及形态学特性进行测定,结果表明:易捕鲤选育系(F2)按外部表型可分离出四种形态:大头鲤体型占15.55—16.39%、易捕鲤F2占75.31—75.98%、鲤体型占3.67—3.72%、镜鲤体型占4.80—5.12%。形态学特征中易捕鲤F2体型与大头鲤相近,全长/体长1.16—1.23、体长/体高3.05—3.06、体长/头长3.09—3.13、体长/尾柄长6.37—6.46、尾柄长/尾柄高1.21—1.53、头长/吻长3.43—3.63、头长/眼径4.87—5.08、头长/眼间距2.21—2.49。     

河北渔业辉煌“十一五”——曼氏无针乌贼人工繁育及养殖技术研究

<正> 2006-2007年,河北省水产研究所应用海洋动物生理学、海洋生物学、水产养殖学、水产增殖学等多学科技术,对曼氏无针乌贼的人工繁育和池塘养殖技术进行了试验研究。 采用系列技术措施使乌贼亲体越冬培育成活率达到60%;人工繁育出体长1.5cm苗种5.9万     

松江鲈人工繁育在天津市首次获得成功

<正>日前,由天津市水产研究所夏苏东博士主持,联合天津市立信水产养殖有限公司共同承担的天津市水产局项目"松江鲈鱼人工繁育技术研究"通过专家验收并结题。该项目引进松江鲈鱼亲鱼60对,获得受精卵10万粒,成功繁育出平均体长5.3cm的健康幼鱼3万多尾。项目组对松江鲈鱼的亲鱼培育、催产、孵化及苗种培育中的关键技术开展相关研究,确定了亲鱼培育、受精卵孵化与仔稚鱼培育的适宜条件,研发并制作了孵化装置,确定不同阶段的饵料,总结了天津地区松江鲈鱼人工繁育技术。松江鲈鱼在天津地区首     

山区鲟鱼人繁技术初探

<正>由于贵州为典型的喀斯特山区,水资源丰富,具有特殊的水资源特点,水温常年保持在15~22℃,因此导致山区鲟鱼需采取特殊的繁育策略。2012年,贵州省水产研究所人工繁育出第一批鲟鱼苗20余万尾,填补了贵州鲟鱼人繁的空白。由于受鲟鱼成熟期长、技术难度大等因素影响,贵州省水产研究所长期利用温控,选择适宜的催产策略,摸索室内人工控温对山区鲟鱼繁殖能力的影响。     

小黄鱼亲鱼驯养及苗种繁育

正2014年10月,从宁波象山石浦港湾采集到野生小黄鱼2000余尾,经生物学鉴定确认其种类后,暂养于网箱上,12月初移至浙江省海洋水产研究所试验场进行室内越冬。2015年5月初,开展小黄鱼人工繁育试验,成功繁育出全长5厘米小黄鱼3万余尾。现将试验情况介绍如下。一、小黄鱼亲鱼越冬越冬池大小为4米×9.5米×1.5米的水泥池,放养密度为50尾/米3,小黄鱼跳跃力极强,应保持水     

斑点叉尾鮰亲鱼池塘培育关键技术的研究

斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)繁育亲鱼筛选可量参数:体长为头长的3.88~4.17倍、体长为体高的4.59~5.26倍、体长为尾柄长的5.73~6.73倍、体长为尾柄高的11.05~11.95倍、尾柄长为尾柄高的1.78~1.94倍。亲鱼培育产卵池塘适宜面积为0.20~0.53hm2,单位面积池塘内亲鱼承载量为2400~2550kg/hm2,3~6龄亲鱼放养密度为375~450组/hm2。投喂亲鱼饵料以含蛋白质36%人工配合饵料与动物性饲料相结合。亲鱼培育池塘水体昼夜变化的溶氧量为4.0mg/L以上、pH值为6.8~7.6、氨氮小于0.3mg/L、亚硝酸盐为0.01mg/L以下,亲鱼产卵率为80%以上。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

The optimal dietary protein level of juvenile silver sillago Sillago sihama at three dietary lipid levels

A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.