春大豆秋播留种高产栽培技术

春大豆翻秋留种对春大豆春播齐苗全苗具有较强优势，但产量较低，通过播期、密度、施肥等筛选，择其适用的配套栽培技术，产量提高到1500kg/hm^2，明确了春大豆秋播留种高产栽培途径。     

绥滨县大豆45cm双条播栽培技术

黑龙江省绥滨县农业技术推广中心经试验、示范,形成了“大豆45（3111双条播”一整套栽培技术模式。实践证明此项栽培技术可实现一次播种保全苗,是提高大豆单产的有效途径,增产率可达10．8％-20．5％,具有广泛的适应性和可操作性。     

改进大豆良种繁育体系提高大豆繁育技术

改进大豆良种繁育体系提高大豆繁育技术顾和平（江苏省农科院）江苏省灌云县大豆原种场是我省现有两个大豆原种场之一，拥有试验地４５０亩。其主要任务是繁殖大豆良种，研究与良种相应的高产栽培技术，以及为淮北地区及周围相同生态区域提供大豆良种良法配套栽培技术，促...     

南繁大豆生长特点及丰产栽培技术措施

描述了南繁大豆的主要生长特点,针对这些生物学特征的变化,分析相关原因,并结合海南气候资源条件和大豆南繁的实践经验,从大豆播种、留苗密度、肥水运筹、杂草防除及病虫鼠害防控等方面详细介绍了南繁大豆的丰产栽培技术措施。     

高油大豆窄行密植综合高产栽培技术研究

高油大豆窄行密植综合高产栽培技术，是经过多年试验、示范、嫁接、创新而形成的北方黑土地大豆提高单产的一种先进的栽培技术。它比一般垄作平均增产10．7％，将是提高我省大豆单产的较佳措施之一。     

大豆行间覆膜栽培技术增产因素分析

行间覆膜栽培技术对大豆增产效果明显，本文通过试验研究分析了大豆行间覆膜栽培技术增产因素。通过对大豆行间覆膜栽培技术耕层土壤温度、土壤含水量、大豆根系以及大豆植株高度的调查，表明大豆行间覆膜以后，地温升高、土壤含水量增加、大豆植株根瘤数增加、大豆植株的生物量增加，从而促进了大豆产量的增加。     

保全苗、保壮苗、提高大豆单产水平

大豆生产田科学管理是提高大豆单产水平的重要保障措施。实现一次播种保全苗、促壮苗是大豆高产的基础,对如何做好苗期管理,保全苗、促壮苗提出建议,为创造大豆高产田、提高大豆单产水平提供参考。     

鸡东县大豆生产情况及发展趋势

从20世纪90年代中后期以来，尽管我县的大豆种植面积有所波动，但由于单产的提高，使大豆总产量维持相对稳定。与发达国家相比，我县大豆的单位面积产量不高，其主要原因并不在于品种的增产潜力低，而在于生产条件较差．栽培技术推广力度不够。在生产栽培中，只要品种选用适宜，栽培技术措施选用适当．大豆大面积平均产量可以达到3000千克／公顷或更高水平。     

提高黄淮地区大豆产量的探讨

针对黄淮地区夏大豆产量低而不稳的状况,通过苏、鲁、豫、皖四省三年24万亩丰产栽培开发性试验,提出“七五”期间提高黄淮地区大豆产量,应以提高单产为主,相应恢复一定的面积,在栽培技术措施方面,重点突出早、全、匀、壮四苗;初花期追施速效氮肥与深沟畦田化种植等三项重点措施。并相应提出最高叶面积指数在4.5—5.5,生物产量亩产472—525 kg的夏大豆,籽粒产量为亩产150 kg的生理指标。     

春大豆保种的方法

春大豆保种的方法江苏省农科院经济作物研究所·南京２１００１陈新顾和平朱成松春大豆在我省太湖地区麦豆稻轮作中和南方春大豆区，种植面积日益扩大，但怎样改善春大豆保种困难，提高其发芽率，确保全苗，增加大豆产量，是当前生产上急需解决的一个重要问题。主要措施为...     

不同行株距机插对双季稻产量的影响

引入25 cm行距的插秧机,与生产上常用的30 cm行距插秧机进行小区对比试验,以探讨该型插秧机对乐清市早、晚稻的适应性及配套高产栽培技术。试验结果表明,早稻应用25 cm行距插秧机具有比较明显的增产优势;而连晚杂交稻应用行距25 cm插秧机的增产效果不明显。生产上应根据不同类型水稻的特征特性,正确掌握插秧密度,充分发挥各类插秧机的增产优势。     

富锦市大豆45cm垄上双行条播技术研究

黑龙江省富锦市在大豆45cm双条密植栽培技术推广中,针对不同品种、不同密度与大豆产量的关系进行试验,结果显示,大豆45cm垄上双行条播技术相对于130cm垄密植技术来说,操作方便,机械配套,易于被农民接受,增产增收效果明显,是提高大豆单产的有效途径,适宜大面积推广。     

Effect of seedpiece spacing and nitrogen fertilization on tuber yield, yield components, and nitrogen use efficiency parameters of two potato cultivars

The effect of seedpiece spacing on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) use by the potato crop is generally unknown. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of seedpiece spacing on tuber yield, yield components and N use efficiency parameters of two potato cultivars. Potato cultivars Atlantic and Shepody were grown at two rates of N fertilization (0 or 100 kg N ha^?1) and three seedpiece spacings (20, 30, or 40 cm) in 2000 to 2002. Wider seedpiece spacing increased mean tuber weight and the number of tubers per stem, but decreased total tuber yield. The higher tuber yield at the narrow seedpiece spacing was attributed to higher biomass production in combination with lower tuber specific gravity. Seedpiece spacing had no consistent effect on plant N accumulation, and therefore no consistent effect on N uptake efficiency (plant N accumulation /N supply from the soil plus fertilizer). However, a small increase in soil NO₃-N concentration in the hill at topkill at wider seedpiece spacing suggested plant N accumulation was slightly reduced at wider seedpiece spacing, but at a level that could not be detected from a plant-based measure of N accumulation. The reduced dry matter accumulation, but similar plant N accumulation, resulted in lower N use efficiency (plant dry matter accumulation / N supply) at wider seedpiece spacing. Wider seedpiece spacing also resulted in generally lower values of N utilization efficiency (plant dry matter accumulation / plant N accumulation) for the 40-cm compared with the 20- and 30-cm seedpiece spacings. Effects of seedpiece spacing on N use efficiency parameters were generally consistent across cultivars and fertilizer N rates. Wider seedpiece spacing did reduce the efficiency of N use by the potato crop; however, the magnitude of the effect was small under the conditions of this study.     

Effect of cultivar, row spacing, and weed management on weed biomass, potato yield, and net crop value

Research was conducted to quantify the effects of potato cultivar, row spacing, and weed control treatments on weed biomass, crop yield, and net crop value. Cultivars evaluated included Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, Goldrush, Dark Red Norland, Snowden, and Atlantic. Inter-row spacings of 76 and 91 cm with an intra-row spacing of 30 cm were evaluated in 1996 and 1997. Weed control treatments included a herbicide tank-mix of metribuzin and metolachlor, cultivation, and a hilling-only control. Common lambsquarters and total weed biomass were greater in the 76-cm row spacing than in the 91-cm row spacing across all cultivars in 1996 and 1997. In 1997, chemical control resulted in less weed biomass than both the hilling-only and cultivation treatments. Total marketable yield was greater in the 91-cm row spacing than in the 76-cm row spacing across cultivars in 1996, but was similar across row spacings in 1997. Net crop value was greater across cultivars in the 91-cm row spacing than in the 76-cm row spacing in 1996. Reduced weed biomass in 1996 and 1997, coupled with greater total marketable yield and net return in 1996, indicated that the 91-cm row spacing was the optimal row spacing for Russet Burbank, Goldrush, Russet Norkotah, Snowden, and Atlantic cultivars in 1996 and 1997. Similar yields and net crop value among weed control treatments in 1996 and 1997 indicated that cultivation and possibly even hilling-only areas within fields can be viable alternatives to herbicide use.     

行距配置对高产冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉和蛋白质积累的影响

为研究不同行距配置对小麦籽粒发育及淀粉和蛋白质积累的影响,以4个高产冬小麦品种为材料,在河南浚县农业科学研究所超高产攻关田研究了不同行距配置下小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉、蛋白质的积累动态.结果表明,高产小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量下降与淀粉含量的增加趋势基本吻合,宽窄行种植模式(S1)籽粒中可溶性糖含量较高,且转化利用较快,促进了籽粒淀粉积累.从行距配置看.周麦22籽粒蛋白质含量以等行距种植模式(S2)较高,偃展4110和矮抗58均以S1较高,而豫麦49-198在两种种植模式下无明显差异.籽粒灌浆速率、千粒重和产量则表现为豫麦49-198、周麦22和矮抗58均以S较高,而偃展4110以S2较高.灌浆模型分析表明,灌浆持续天数和最大灌浆速率出现时间是行距配置影响粒重的主要因素.     

Spacing uniformity — Yield effects and in-field measurement

Trials were done to investigate the effects of spacing uniformity on crop yield, and to assess a method of measuring spacing uniformity without the need to calculate the coefficient of variation. Spacing uniformities ranged from perfect to the worst observed in a previous field survey. Improved spacing uniformity gave increased marketable yields, with an improvement of 10% in gross return over the worst uniformity treatment. Such improvements are possible in commercial situations with proper attention to equipment maintenance and calibration and uniformity of seed piece size. Spacing uniformity is often measured by the coefficient of variation, which is derived from the mean and standard deviation of measured seed piece or plant spacings. This is not the best method to use, since the measure of uniformity is referenced to the actual spacing, not the desired or target spacing. The alternative method of assessing spacing uniformity involved counting the number of spaces that lie in a pre-determined “acceptable range” and calculating the percentage of “acceptable spaces”. The necessary calculations are easy if a suitable number (e.g. 40 or 50) of seed piece spaces are used.     

Comparative analysis of maize–soybean strip intercropping systems: a review

ABSTRACT

Traditional maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) intercropping practice cannot be adapted to modern agriculture due to low light use efficiency, radiation use efficiency, low comparative profits of soybeans and incompatibility with mechanization. However, a new type of maize and soybean intercropping system (MSIS) with high land equivalent ratio (LER) provides substantial benefits for small-land hold farmers worldwide. Our research team has done a wide range of research to suggest the appropriate planting geometry that ensures high yield and LER as high as 2.36, nutrient acquisition and mechanical operations in MSISs. Increase in the distance between soybean and maize rows and decrease in the spacing of maize narrow rows is useful for the high light interception for the short soybean in MSISs. This review concludes that MSIS has multifold and convincing results of LER and compatible with mechanization, while those practiced other than China still require technological advancements, agronomic measures and compatible mechanization to further explore its adaptability.     

A survey of planting accuracy of commercial potato planters

A field survey was conducted in 1979 to determine the accuracy of inrow spacing of five models of potato planters. Irregular seedpiece spacing expressed in terms of coefficient of variation (CV), was observed for all planters tested. The CV levels recorded in the survey ranged from 50.1% to 76.5%. The use of seedpieces of an optimum and uniform mass was effective in improving the accuracy of placement by a pick-type planter.     

行距对大豆竞争有限资源的影响

不同行距引起大豆生长竞争.当某一因子的直接供应不能满足群体生长的需要而成为限制因子时,竞争便开始.本文主要从基因型、光、水、养分和杂草等5方面综述过去40年行距变化对大豆竞争资源的影响.研究表明,不同品种对行距变化的反映不同,其依赖于季节降雨和灌溉.有限结荚习性类型可获得较高产量,抗倒伏的大豆品种适于窄行种植.无限结荚习性大豆在一定的行距条件下也可获得最佳产量.与宽行大豆种植相比,窄行大豆栽培增加光截获(LI),其原因在于LAI、消光系数的增加及分枝类型品种的选择.水分利用效率和蒸发蒸腾作用不受行距影响,但在灌溉条件下产量增加.行距变化对养分吸收影响较大,随着行距的减小,植株产量和N、P、K的吸收均增加,且增加幅度受施肥水平制约.行距不影响N素的固定.行距不影响杂草密度、萌发高峰及持续时期,但在窄行栽培条件下可减少杂草的数量及干重,再配以适量的除草剂可获得良好的除草效果.不同行距条件下的大豆生理反应、养分和水分的吸收及转运,不同冠层的光能利用以及土壤环境的变化仍需进一步深入研究.     

玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的效应分析

应用三因素五水平回归正交旋转组合设计的方法,研究了玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的影响,并建立相应回归方程.结果表明:方程拟合程度较好,玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率有显著的影响.玉米密度对间作大豆光合速率的效应呈现倒抛物线曲线,玉米行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的效应呈现抛物线曲线.玉米行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率具有交互效应.在玉米生产密度下,适当增加玉米生产的行距和穴距,可以提高间作大豆的光合速率.