竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察

该研究对罗汉松属和竹柏属植物叶横切面和纵切面输导组织结构进行观察。结果表明:罗汉松属叶1条主脉,主脉维管束木质部管胞发达,转输组织为苏铁型,转输组织管胞等径,栅栏组织和海绵组织之间的副转输组织管胞发达;竹柏属叶多条平行叶脉,维管束木质部管胞相对不发达,转输组织为红豆杉型,转输组织管胞纵向伸长,栅栏组织和海绵组织之间不存在副转输组织。结合罗汉松属植物主脉维管束下面有3个树脂道,叶肉分化为栅栏组织和海绵组织,而竹柏属植物每个叶脉维管束下面有1个树脂道,叶肉分化不明显,两面都有栅栏组织,叶肉中还具有大量石细胞等特征,认为罗汉松属和竹柏属在叶脉、叶形态和结构方面存在明显差异,2个属分开是比较合理的。     

大花君子兰营养器官的解剖学结构

对大花君子兰营养器官根和叶片的解剖学结构观察结果显示:其不定根为肉质,具有发达的复表皮,复表皮最内层细胞具有分生组织细胞,向外分裂形成新的细胞;根尖组织分化属封闭型,根冠与表皮同源,根内皮层细胞具凯氏带加厚,初生本质部多原型。叶为等面叶,叶片上、下表皮细胞外壁均被有厚的角质层,气孔器的保卫细胞为肾形,具有发达的储水组织;叶肉细胞同型,无栅栏细胞和海绵组织的分化;平行脉序,维管束具有维管束鞘。     

微环境调控对半夏无糖组培苗根、叶显微结构的影响

 以半夏组培苗为研究材料,应用植物无糖组培快繁技术,研究探讨了微环境控制对半夏无糖组培苗根、叶显微结构的影响。研究结果表明,半夏无糖组培苗根、叶显微结构与有糖组培苗（CK）相比其保水能力具明显优势。半夏无糖组培苗叶片具有发育较好、较厚的栅栏组织和海棉组织,细胞排列紧密有序,中脉发达,且叶表皮具有蜡质层;而半夏同龄有糖组培苗叶片的栅栏组织和海棉组织细胞发育较差,中脉及其维管束发育不完全。半夏无糖组培苗根部细胞排列紧密组织分区明显,初生组织和次生组织已分化;能明显观察到疏导组织、髓射线和凯氏带;半夏有糖组培苗根生长发育不良,初生组织和次生组织分化不明显,疏导组织不发达。     

胡杨和灰叶胡杨营养器官的解剖学研究

胡杨和灰叶胡杨营养器官的解剖学研究表明,一年生根由周皮,次生维管组织和根中央的初生木质部组成,具发达的机械组织和输导组织.包括发达的本质部导管.一年生胡杨茎由周皮、皮层、维管组织和髓组成.一年生灰叶胡杨茎表皮具表皮毛和角质层,表皮下有一层粘液细胞.两种植物的叶为等面叶.具下皮层、发达的栅栏组织、叶脉系统和机械组织.根、茎和叶中具大量粘液细胞.灰叶胡杨根、茎、叶早生结构特征与胡杨相比较更为明显.     

短叶罗汉松雌雄株叶片形态结构特征的比较研究

以成熟的短叶罗汉松(Podocarpus macrophyllus var.maki)叶片为实验材料,运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对叶片进行观察,比较了雌、雄株叶片在解剖结构和表皮形态上的差异.结果表明:短叶罗汉松雌、雄株的叶片均为异面叶,雌、雄株叶片的栅栏组织厚度、上下表皮厚度、叶片紧密度、上下角质层厚度的差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),转输组织长度、栅海比存在显著差异(P<0.05);雌、雄株的气孔宽度、气孔密度和气孔器长度存在极显著差异(P<0.01);在扫描电镜下,雌、雄株叶片表皮的角质层纹饰、细胞壁等微形态结构存在着明显的性别差异;根据叶片表皮的蜡质能谱分析,雌、雄株叶片含有相同的9种元素,其中雌株的C、O、Si、Au等元素的含量大于雄株,而雌株的Na、Mg、K、Al、Ca等元素含量小于雄株;在透射电镜下观察发现在雌、雄株叶片的栅栏组织内均含有线粒体和叶绿体,且雌株叶片内的线粒体和叶绿体稍大于雄株.     

短叶罗汉松雌雄株叶片形态结构特征的比较研究

以成熟的短叶罗汉松(Podocarpus macrophyllus var.maki)叶片为实验材料,运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对叶片进行观察,比较了雌、雄株叶片在解剖结构和表皮形态上的差异。结果表明:短叶罗汉松雌、雄株的叶片均为异面叶,雌、雄株叶片的栅栏组织厚度、上下表皮厚度、叶片紧密度、上下角质层厚度的差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),转输组织长度、栅海比存在显著差异(P<0.05);雌、雄株的气孔宽度、气孔密度和气孔器长度存在极显著差异(P<0.01);在扫描电镜下,雌、雄株叶片表皮的角质层纹饰、细胞壁等微形态结构存在着明显的性别差异;根据叶片表皮的蜡质能谱分析,雌、雄株叶片含有相同的9种元素,其中雌株的C、O、Si、Au等元素的含量大于雄株,而雌株的Na、Mg、K、Al、Ca等元素含量小于雄株;在透射电镜下观察发现在雌、雄株叶片的栅栏组织内均含有线粒体和叶绿体,且雌株叶片内的线粒体和叶绿体稍大于雄株。     

缺钾对几种作物营养器官组织结构的影响

研究了缺钾对大豆(Glycine max L.Merrill)、棉花(Gossypium HirsutumL.)、甘蓝油菜(Brassica napus L.)和大麦(Hordeum distichum L.)营养器官组织结构的影响.结果表明缺钾时根组织分化不良,常见根冠缺失或发育残缺不全,没有明显的分生区和完整的伸长区.大麦缺钾时茎的表皮细胞变形,基本组织细胞收缩,厚壁机械组织消失,维管束变小;棉花缺钾茎部维管形成层分生能力弱,次生韧皮部和次生木质部不发达,髓体积变小.缺钾使植株叶片表皮细胞破坏,叶肉薄壁细胞常见收缩破裂,叶绿体减少.在大麦叶肉细胞破裂处可见棕褐色物质;大豆下位叶叶绿体外形不规则,叶绿体基粒膨胀或基粒形态模糊不清,基质片层破坏,有许多亲锇小球,叶片表皮细胞角质层发育不良,保卫细胞干瘪.     

款冬营养器官的解剖学研究

对款冬营养器官解剖结构研究表明：根为典型的双子叶植物根的结构,初生木质部四原型;茎由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,维管束二环,具皮层维管束;叶为异面叶,栅栏组织细胞排列疏松,海锦组织具大量气隙,叶脉维管束较发达,叶上下表皮均具有气孔器,气孔器为不规则型。     

鸭跖草营养器官的解剖学研究

本文报道了药用植物鸭跖草的根、茎和叶的解剖结构。鸭跖草的木质部为六原型，韧皮部与木质部排列，根皮层中分布有粘液细胞和晶体细胞。其内皮层具凯氏带。茎中维管束散生，许多近表皮薄壁组织细胞中含有分散的或成束的多个晶体，茎中央薄壁组织中含有粘液细胞和单宁细胞。叶为两面叶，叶肉组织分栅栏组织和海绵组织，栅栏组织细胞一层，叶中含有粘液细胞和晶体细胞。     

山莓生态习性与叶的解剖结构观察

对湖南省广泛分布的山莓实地踏察和生态习性观察表明,山莓系荒地的一种先锋植物,耐贫瘠,适应性强,属阳性植物.在林缘、山谷阳坡生长,有阳叶、阴叶之分,是湖南省植被的一个广布种.叶的解剖结构为典型的双子叶植物二面叶,由表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织和维管束组成.叶柄由表皮、基本组织和维管束组成.叶片显著特点为:第一,单细胞表皮毛的数量多于腺毛.腺毛头部大略为球形,多细胞柄部较长,由一行或两行细胞组成.第二,幼叶、阴叶栅栏组织呈“小丘”状,阳叶栅栏组织细胞体积较小,排列紧密,孔隙度小,海绵组织疏松,气下室空腔大.第三,主脉、叶柄的厚角组织和薄壁细胞内多数有晶簇,成含晶异细胞.     

短叶罗汉松叶结构的发育过程研究(英文)

The leaf development of Podocarpus macrophyllus var.maki Endl.started from the leaf primordium formed by the cell division in shoot apical meristem.During the leaf development,three resin canals from the inferior part of vascular bundles firstly began to differentiate,then protoxylem in vascular bundles differentiated from adaxial side to abaxial side.Meanwhile,a layer of parenchyma cells from the inferior part of protoderm developed into the sclerenchyma,which played an important role in supporting young leaves.When xylem became mature basically,transfusion tissue,phloem and accessory transfusion tissue began to differentiate,so mesophyll tissue finally differentiated into developmental palisade cells and sponge cells.The thicker cuticle was formed in the lateral side of epidermal cells at the same time of differentiation and development for the inner structure of leaves.Therefore,the developmental palisade cells and the cuticle in the leaf structure of Podocarpus macrophyllus var.maki Endl.is greatly significant for photosynthesis and transpiration when it grows in arid and cold regions.     

青藏高原草地植物叶解剖特征

运用常规石蜡制片技术对我国青藏高原66种草地植物优势种的叶解剖特征进行研究,并分析了叶解剖特征与海拔、生长季降水及生长季均温之间的关系.结果表明:青藏高原草地植物叶片具有很多适应高寒环境的结构特征,如表皮层厚且表皮细胞大小差异显著,表皮毛等表皮附属物发达,异细胞丰富,通气组织普遍发达等;叶片各组成部分厚度的变异程度不同,其中海绵组织厚度变异最大,其次为上角质层、下表皮层、下角质层、上表皮层、栅栏组织,叶片厚度的变异最小;青藏高原草地植物叶片各组成部分的厚度存在协同进化,上下角质层厚度呈强烈正相关,海绵组织厚度与叶片厚度相关性最强;青藏高原草地植物叶片各组成部分的厚度与海拔、生长季降水、生长季均温3个重要环境变量呈较弱的相关性,总体表现为随海拔升高叶片各组成部分的厚度减小,而随生长季降水和生长季均温的增加叶片厚度增加.     

Conducting Tissue of Leaves in Nageia and Podocarpus

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

笃斯越桔营养器官初生结构的解剖学研究

本文对笃斯越桔根、茎的初生结构及叶的结构进行了解剖学研究。结果表明:笃斯越桔具有明显的湿生植物解剖特征,具体表现在茎的皮层中存在着发达的通气组织;叶片表皮细胞具较厚的角质层,单位叶面积气孔指数较大,叶肉栅栏薄壁组织与海绵薄壁组织之比小,气腔发达等。     

2个枸杞新品种叶片解剖结构比较研究

对枸杞新品种宁杞6号、宁杞8号的叶片解剖结构进行了比较,结果表明宁杞6号、宁杞8号的叶片均较宁杞1号厚,表皮和角质层都比较厚。宁杞6号、宁杞8号都属于异面叶,叶肉栅栏组织较发达,通常由2~4层细胞组成,细胞短小,排列紧密,内部富含叶绿素,胞间隙大,维管组织发达,是这2个枸杞新品种生长旺盛、果实较大的基础依据。     

阴香叶解剖结构研究

运用冷冻切片技术,用光学显微镜对阴香〔Cinnamomum burmannii(C.G.&Th.Nees)Bl.〕叶的解剖结构进行了观察研究。结果表明,阴香叶为典型的异面叶;上下表皮均由一层排列紧密形状不规则细胞组成,上表皮细胞外角质膜较厚;气孔主要分布在下表皮上,气孔类型为无规则型;叶肉组织不甚发达,具分泌腔,栅栏组织由1～2层排列疏松的柱状细胞组成,海绵组织有发达的胞间隙,横切面上栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度之比为1∶1.6;主脉发达,为外韧维管束,具有厚壁细胞组成的维管束鞘,侧脉有发达的由厚壁细胞组成的维管束鞘延伸区。这些特征反映出阴香叶片结构与其生长环境之间的适应性关系。     

喀什霸王叶片的形态解剖学研究

通过石蜡切片法和光学显微镜观察,研究喀什霸王（Sarcozygium kaschgaricum Boriss）叶片的解剖结构。结果表明：喀什霸王叶片有栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化,但栅栏组织分布于叶片的上下表皮内方,为等面叶。从叶片横切面上看,表皮由一层排列紧密的形状不规则的表皮细胞组成,细胞外壁角质层较厚,上表皮角质层较下表皮的厚,气孔类型为无规则型,仅分布在下表皮上,微下陷;叶肉组织发达,栅栏组织由1~2层圆柱形细胞组成,其外层细胞转化为异细胞,栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度之比约为1∶2,海绵组织位于叶片中央,细胞呈凌乱分布下表皮内具有1~2层由异细胞组成的下皮层;主脉发达。以上特征均反映出植物结构与环境的统一性。