河南省鸵鸟隐孢子虫流行病学调查

为了系统掌握河南地区鸵鸟隐孢子虫流行状况,于2006年8月～2007年8月对河南地区6个养殖场共829份样品应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法进行感染情况调查,结果显示隐孢子虫总感染率为1.7%(14/829),其中,郑州某驼鸟场的感染率2.8%(14/506),其他养殖场未发现隐孢子虫感染.所查到的14份隐孢子虫阳性样品来自20～40日龄鸵鸟,表明幼龄鸵鸟更容易感染隐孢子虫.鸵鸟隐孢子虫卵囊大小为4.2～6.0 μm×4.5～5.0 μm,平均5.56 μm×4.48 μm,卵囊形状指数(L/W )为1.24(n=100),根据卵囊形态结构特征初步鉴定为贝氏隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium baileyi).     

安徽省猪隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

为了查明安徽省猪隐孢子虫感染与地理分布情况,选取该省10个县、市进行了猪隐孢子虫感染情况的调研。结果在58头猪的粪样中查到了隐孢子虫卵囊,其感染率为10.05%(58/577)。经鉴定,所获虫体为小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)。该省猪的隐孢子虫感染存在年龄和地区性差异,但与性别无关。     

合肥野生动物园灵长类动物隐孢子虫感染情况调查

[目的]调查合肥野生动物园灵长类动物隐孢子虫的感染情况。[方法]采用饱和蔗糖水漂浮法对环尾狐猴、赤猴和狒狒等6种灵长类动物粪便进行卵囊浓集,采用抗酸染色法对其卵囊染色后进行形态学观察。在形态学观察基础上,对上述疑似粪样中的卵囊进行DNA提取,并采用PCR技术扩增隐孢子虫卵囊壁蛋白基因(COWP),以1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定PCR扩增产物,并对该园内灵长类动物感染隐孢子虫情况作统计分析。[结果]经形态学鉴定,初步判定从该动物园灵长类动物粪便中获得的卵囊大小为4.66μm×5.18μm,与报道的隐孢子虫形态特征相一致;利用PCR技术扩增得到的目的基因大小为377bp,与预期结果相一致。数据统计表明:合肥野生动物园灵长类动物隐孢子虫感染率为16.67%。[结论]合肥野生动物园灵长类动物存在隐孢子虫感染情况,具有感染人畜的潜在风险。     

贵州省部分地区山羊隐孢子虫病的调查分析

我们在息烽、修文、龙里、罗甸采集羔羊粪样222份,进行隐孢子虫病感染调查,每份粪样涂片分别用改良抗酸染色法和沙黄一美蓝染色法镜检卵囊,结果阳性124份,阴性98份,感染率为55.86%.采用蔗糖梯度离心法,检测OPG为1.542×105个,在光镜下测量卵囊的大小为3.333μm×3.666μm～6.666μm×6.9993μm,平均4.3175μm×4.7528μm,根据染色形态、大小等特征,初步诊断为小隐孢子虫(C.Panvum).     

河南省山羊隐孢子虫流行病学调查

对河南省4个山羊场进行了隐孢子虫病流行病学调查.采集山羊粪样1 017份,以饱和蔗糖漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法检查,结果共检出隐孢子虫卵囊阳性山羊粪样28份,平均感染率为2.75%;有2个山羊场检出隐孢子虫卵囊,场感染率为50%;中牟某羊场阳性率最高,达4.95%;在各年龄段中,2～4月龄山羊隐孢子虫感染率最高,达5.43%;山羊隐孢子虫感染可能与季节有关;所检出的隐孢子虫卵囊经形态学观察,初步鉴定为微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum).     

合肥市奶牛隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

为查明合肥市某奶牛场奶牛隐孢子虫感染情况,采用饱和白糖溶液漂浮法对该场381头奶牛的粪样进行检查,在52头奶牛的粪样中查到了隐孢子虫卵囊,其感染率为13.62%(52/381)。经鉴定,所获虫体为鼠隐孢子虫Crtptosporidium.muris。     

猪隐孢子虫病调查报告

隐孢子虫病（Cryptosporidiosis）是由隐孢子虫属原虫引起的一种人畜共患的肠道寄生虫病。动物感染后常见的临床体征为间歇性水泻、脱水、厌食、进行性消瘦和减重。本试验应用直接涂片法、饱和盐水漂浮法、离心法以及改良抗酸染色法对沈阳东陵区3个猪养殖场的53头猪的粪便样品进行了隐孢子虫卵囊的分离。结果显示,未经染色隐孢子虫近似圆形,无色,囊壁光滑,卵囊内可见到数量不等的暗色颗粒,卵囊平均大小为4.1μm×3.6μm。经改良抗酸染色法染色后的隐孢子虫卵囊呈红色,近似圆形,轮廓清晰,背景为绿色。不同年龄的猪隐孢子虫感染率不同,年龄越小感染强度越大,育肥猪的感染率为4%,断奶仔猪的感染率为11%。     

安徽淮北地区黄牛隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

调查了安徽淮北地区黄牛的隐孢子虫感染情况。在１２４头黄牛的粪样中检出了隐孢子虫卵囊,感染率为６０．１９％（１２４／２０６）。经鉴定,所获虫体为小隐孢子虫（Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｄｉｕｍｐａｒｖｕｍ）。调查数据处理结果表明,黄牛的隐孢子虫感染存在年龄和地区性差异,但与性别无关。     

安徽省凤台县猪隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

调查了安徽凤台县猪隐孢子虫感染情况。在162头猪的粪样中检出92头有隐孢子虫卵囊，其感染率为56.8％（92/162）。经鉴定，所获虫体为小隐孢子虫。调查结果表明，猪的隐孢子虫感染存在年龄和地区性差异。     

水貂隐孢子虫病流行病学调查及虫种的初步鉴定

为初步了解水貂隐孢子虫病的流行情况,作者于2005年11月份用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法检查了河北省肃宁县某水貂养殖场的469份粪便样品。结果,8份粪便样品为隐孢子虫阳性,总感染率为1.71%(8/469)。其中,白貂感染率为2.15%(5/233)、灰貂感染率为2.08%(1/48)、黑貂感染率为1.06%(2/188)。所查的8份隐孢子虫阳性样品均来自5~6月龄的水貂,表明幼龄水貂容易感染隐孢子虫病而老龄水貂不易感染。另外,8份阳性样品多数来自雄性水貂,显示水貂的隐孢子虫感染可能存在性别的差异性。根据卵囊形态和大小将水貂隐孢子虫初步鉴定为小球隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)。同时,利用所收集的隐孢子虫卵囊进行了小白鼠感染试验,结果表明水貂源隐孢子虫不感染免疫抑制状态下的昆明系小白鼠。     

Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs from different living conditions in Uberlândia, Brazil

Infection rates with Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were compared among dogs living under different conditions. Stool samples (n = 433) collected from dogs of different ages, gender, living conditions and origin were analyzed using three techniques, i.e., centrifugal flotation in zinc sulfate solution, centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution, and methylene blue gram safranin staining. Eighty-nine of the samples were from stay dogs living in shelters run by animal protection societies, 199 were from kennels and 122 from households. A total of 119 (29.0%) had G. duodenalis cysts and six (1.4%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Dogs from kennels were most frequently affected by G. duodenalis (49.7%) while those from shelters showed a higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. (2.2%). A significant difference (p < or = 0.05) was observed between immature dogs and adults only with respect to Giardia infection. There was no significant difference between the gender with regard to the presence of either protozoan.     

Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in dogs and human beings in San Bernardino County, California

Fecal specimens from 200 stray dogs impounded at the San Bernardino City and County animal shelters were screened for Cryptosporidium sp oocysts, using the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent staining procedure. The University of California, Los Angeles acid-fast stain was used for confirmation. Only 4 (2%) dogs were passing cryptosporidial oocysts. Likewise, stool specimens from 664 people were submitted to the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health Laboratory for routine parasitologic examination and were screened for Cryptosporidium sp. Cryptosporidial oocysts were detected in 20 human fecal specimens (3.01%). On the basis of these findings, it appears that the human and canine populations of San Bernardino County are at low risk for development of cryptosporidiosis at this time.     

Cryptosporidium infection in juvenile pet rabbits

Cryptosporidium infection was confirmed by fecal examination for the first time in pet rabbits in a wholesale store located in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Fecal samples were obtained postmortem from juvenile rabbits (n=66), which had died after developing diarrhea. Feces from healthy rabbits (n=30) were also collected and examined as controls. Two types of Cryptosporidium oocysts distinctive in size and shape were found (Type A and B). Types A and B oocysts were detected from 16.7% and 13.6% of the diarrheic, and 3.3% and 0% of the normal feces, respectively. Since Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected at a higher rate in the diarrheic rabbits than in the healthy rabbits, special caution should be taken when handling a pet rabbit presenting with diarrhea.     

安氏隐孢子虫肌动蛋白部分编码基因的表达及免疫保护性

以筛选安氏隐孢子虫T7噬菌体展示文库获得的肌动蛋白（CA42）部分编码基因的序列设计特异性引物,扩增目的基因CA42,构建重组表达载体pET-28a-CA42,通过大肠杆菌BL21的诱导表达,产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting鉴定。然后纯化重组蛋白,免疫BALB／c进行体液和细胞免疫水平的检测,并观察重组蛋白对微小隐孢子虫的交叉保护性效果。结果显示,成功构建重组原核表达质粒pET-28a-CA42,Western-blotting显示重组蛋白约为19ku,能被安氏隐孢子虫免疫小鼠的多克隆抗体识别。重组蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠的抗体水平差异显著（P〈0．05）,CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数差异均显著,CD4^4／CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数的值与佐剂对照组和空白对照组相比差异均显著（P〈0．05）。各组小鼠经接种微小隐孢子虫卵囊后,试验组与各对照组相比卵囊减少率为32．2％,差异均显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明,成功表达了重组安氏隐孢子虫肌动蛋白,纯化的重组蛋白具有一定的免疫原性和交叉保护性。     

Detection of Cryptosporidium muris type oocysts from beef cattle in a farm and from domestic and wild animals in and around the farm

Cryptosporidium muris type oocysts were detected from 21 of 516 beef cattle in a farm. Then we surveyed Cryptosporidium oocysts in 348 beef and dairy cattle, 500 pigs, 101 dogs, 38 wild animals and 11 zoo-kept animals in and around the farm. Oocysts were detected from only 2 of 25 Japanese field mice, Apodemus speciosus in the same farm. Gene analysis suggested that the oocysts were different from the C. muris type bovine isolate.     

园养东北虎等猫科动物隐孢子虫感染情况的调查

为掌握东北虎等多种猫科动物隐孢子虫的感染状况，本试验采集216份东北虎等多种猫科动物粪样，离心水洗除去重铬酸钾后，应用Sheather’s蔗糖漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法进行检查。Sheather’s蔗糖漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法镜检结果显示，东北虎等多种猫科动物隐孢子虫的平均阳性率分别1．39％（3／216）和5．09％（11／216）。可见，目前园养东北虎等养猫科动物隐孢子虫感染率仍维持在较低水平。     

不同DNA提取方法对隐孢子虫卵囊PCR检测的影响

为了提高隐孢子虫PCR检测的敏感性和效率,采用10种基因组DNA提取方法,对隐孢子虫卵囊DNA进行提取,对提取的DNA进行nested PCR扩增。经过3次重复试验,结果显示,Chelex 100法、FTA试纸法和Wizard DNAClean-Up System试剂盒法敏感性最高,能够稳定地扩增出1×10^2个卵囊提取的DNA,适合隐孢子虫病分子流行病学调查时大量样品DNA的提取。