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研究了天敌捕食螨—胡瓜钝绥螨雌螨(Neoseiulus cucumeris)在不同温度条件下对枇杷上的害螨—比哈小爪螨(Oligonychus biharen)的若螨、雌螨、雄螨的功能反应和胡瓜钝绥螨以比哈小爪螨雌螨为猎物对自身密度的功能反应(干扰反应)。结果表明,在14~33℃胡瓜钝绥螨雌螨均能捕食比哈小爪螨若螨,日最大捕食量为3~6只;14~26℃随着温度上升,胡瓜钝绥螨雌螨对比哈小爪螨的捕食能力逐渐增强,(25±1)℃达最高值(a'/Th=9.3785),30℃后捕食能力逐渐减弱;(25±1)℃条件下胡瓜钝绥螨雌螨对比哈小爪螨雌螨的瞬时猎物发现率(a')>对比哈小爪螨雄螨>对比哈小爪螨若螨,对比哈小爪螨的控制能力依次是对若螨>雄螨>雌螨;干扰反应的研究表明,14~33℃,胡瓜钝绥螨雌螨对比哈小爪螨雌螨的捕食量随着自身密度的增加而下降呈直线相关关系。 相似文献
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《中国南方果树》2021,(5)
在重庆市涪陵区石沱镇千秋村,选3个柑桔全爪螨自然发生程度为较轻(害螨1~3头/叶)、中等(害螨4~8头/叶)和严重(害螨9~15头/叶)的"W·默科特"桔园,分别设置3个释放密度(1 000、2 000、3 000头/株)的巴氏新小绥螨处理,以不释放为对照,评价不同释放密度的巴氏新小绥螨对不同虫口基数的柑桔全爪螨的防效。结果表明,3个释放密度的巴氏新小绥螨对柑桔全爪螨种群均有较好的防治效果,最高虫口减退率及防效均在85%以上。柑桔全爪螨发生程度较轻时,3个释放密度处理各时期的防效差异不显著;柑桔全爪螨发生程度中等时,低释放密度(1 000头/株)早期的防效稍差,此后与中、高释放密度差异均不显著;柑桔全爪螨发生程度严重时释放捕食螨,整个防治期内的防效总体较害螨较轻和中等时释放捕食螨的低。综合生防成本与防效,推荐巴氏新小绥螨田间释放量为2 000头/株,且在柑桔全爪螨为害程度较轻和中等时释放。 相似文献
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为探明拟小食螨瓢虫Stethorus parapauperculus对杧果小爪螨Oligonychus mangiferus(Rahman et Pumjab)的控制潜能,开展了16、20、24、28和32℃恒温条件下拟小食螨瓢虫雌成虫对杧果小爪螨成虫的功能反应研究。结果表明,在试验温度范围内,各温度下的功能反应均能用HollingⅡ型圆盘方程拟合,但各温度间功能反应的参数存在差异;以瞬时攻击率和捕食处理时间为评价指标,拟小食螨瓢虫雌成虫对杧果小爪螨成螨的捕食效能随温度的上升而提高,32℃时达到最高,此时的瞬时攻击率和捕食处理时间分别为0.918 6和0.022 1d。表明较高温度有利于拟小食螨瓢虫发挥对杧果小爪螨成螨的控制作用。 相似文献
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释放人工繁育的捕食螨防治柑桔害螨技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
多年来桔农一直依靠多种化学杀螨剂防治红蜘蛛,导致螨的抗药性越来越强,使化学农药施用次数越来越多,一般年需喷药12次左右,甚至达20次或更多,但仍然控制不住红蜘蛛的猖獗为害.这既造成用工和生产成本增多,又给果品质量安全留下隐患.因此,改革创新柑桔栽培管理技术,以生物防治替代化学农药防治柑桔害螨,可提高农产品质量安全水平,促进柑桔产业可持续发展.经研究已发现的柑桔红蜘蛛天敌有120种以上,其中捕食螨45种以上.在南方柑桔园捕食红蜘蛛等害螨的捕食螨主要有尼氏钝绥螨、德氏钝绥螨、纽氏钝绥螨等,人工繁殖形成商品的有柏氏钝绥螨、胡瓜钝绥螨等.钝绥螨是蜱螨亚纲、寄螨目、植绥螨总科、植绥螨科的一类捕食螨,雌螨体长为0.3~0.9 mm,乳白色、半透明、有光泽,取食后体色随食物颜色而异,饱食红蜘蛛后呈红色,有4对细长的足,行动敏捷.广东省潮州市中天农业科技有限公司多年来推广利用人工繁育的、有明显效果的捕食螨(柏氏钝绥螨),可以用于防治柑桔害螨. 相似文献
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【目的】明确乙唑螨腈和腈吡螨酯亚致死浓度对山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis的影响,为2种杀螨剂的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用叶碟喷雾法测定2种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨雌成螨和卵的室内毒力,选择LC15和LC30处理雌成螨和卵,记录生命表相关参数;使用紫外-可见光分光光度计测定酶活性变化。【结果】乙唑螨腈LC15处理卵显著提高F0代雌成螨产卵量,达到41.26粒,净增殖率提高为33.647 8,乙唑螨腈LC30处理卵F0代雌成螨的世代平均历期延长为15.64 d,腈吡螨酯LC15处理卵F0代雌成螨的世代平均历期缩短为13.02 d;乙唑螨腈和腈吡螨酯LC30处理雌成螨后,F0代雌成螨的寿命、产卵量、子代卵孵化率和净增殖率显著降低,乙唑螨腈LC15和腈吡螨酯亚LC30世代平均历期分别显著缩短为13.30和11.0... 相似文献
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二斑叶螨是近年来危害苹果、梨等果树的新害螨。它发生世代多、繁殖力强,对现有大部分杀螨剂有抗性,已成为果树叶螨的优势种群。1 形态特征 雌成螨卵圆形,大小与山楂叶螨相近,体色乳黄色或黄绿色,越冬型为橙黄色,体背两侧各有一块明 相似文献
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在北京巨山国营农场苹果园用田间笼罩排除天敌的方法研究了叶螨天敌(小花蝽草蛉和六点蓟马等)控制叶螨为害的效应。结果表明:在不同时期天敌对叶螨的控制作用不同。自5月下旬至7月下旬,天敌对叶螨的控制作用逐渐加强。在生长季早期,天敌控制叶螨为害的作用较小。天敌对叶螨作用的时间越长,对其控制作用越强。在0.2~3头/叶雌成螨密度下,天敌的控制效应呈S型曲线,2米/叶雌成螨是天敌的最佳作用密度。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTField experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the predation efficacy of four commercially available predatory mites (Phytoseiidae): Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus, N. fallacis, and Amblyseius andersoni, for control of twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and Lewis spider mite (Eotetranychus lewisi) in strawberries. In the 2013 experiment, a grower standard treatment (P. persimilis and N. californicus) was compared to single treatments of each phytoseiid species. The 2014 experiment excluded N. fallacis as a treatment, but all other treatments are the same as in 2013. For both seasons, all treatments decreased both two-spotted and Lewis spider mite populations immediately after releases equivalently. However, none of the treatments tested were able to keep twospotted and Lewis spider mite populations below the economic threshold level. These findings indicate that several releases will be needed throughout the growing season in order to maintain spider mite levels below the economic thresholds. 相似文献
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LV Lei LIN Kang GAO Wei-yang HE Zhi-ling GAO Zi-mian LI Zhe-feng LI Jun-jie 《园艺学报》2013,29(2):330-333
[ABSTRACT]AIM: To investigate the starvation-induced autophagy of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. METHODS: Primary human fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars were isolated and the fibroblasts in logarithmic growth phase were cultured with amino acid-free Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) instead of the DMEM medium. The cells were collected at the time points of 0 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after EBSS culture. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) and autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 was detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Autopagosomes in fibroblasts were observed by electron microscopy and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. RESULTS: The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 increased at 1 h after starvation, reached to the highest level at 2 h after starvation, and then began to decline, which were still higher than that in control group. Compared with control group, the autopagosomes were observed in the fibroblasts under fluorescence microscope and election microscope at 2 h after starvation. CONCLUSION: Autophagy in fibroblasts of hypertrophic scars can be induced by starvation, which may be related to the formation of hypertrophic scars. 相似文献
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Patterns of bird predation on reptiles in small woodland remnant edges in peri-urban north-western Sydney, Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The predator–prey relationship plays an integral role in community structure. In the presence of habitat fragmentation, the
dynamic interaction among co-existing species may be disrupted. In this paper we investigated the interaction between small
skinks resident in open woodland remnants and the predatory birds that cross-forage between the remnants and the surrounding
peri-urban matrix. Skinks were found in significantly fewer numbers in the edge of remnants compared to their core. In contrast,
predatory birds were in largest numbers at the edge compared to the core of remnants. We found that there was a strong negative
correlation between skink numbers and predatory birds (individually and combined) consistent with higher predation pressure
in the edge compared to the core of remnants. Strike rates on decoys that mimicked skinks were also higher in the edge compared
to core habitats, consistent with higher predation rates in this edge habitat. 相似文献
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通过对不同化学防治水平苹果园叶螨种群数量的调查、室内杀虫(螨)剂对叶螨相对毒性的测定以及对叶螨在苹果叶片上的分布及为害性状的考察表明:①频繁施用杀虫(螨)剂的果园.苹果全爪螨的种群数量明显大于李始叶螨种群数量;施用杀虫(螨)剂次数少的果园,李始叶螨的相对数量均高于苹果全爪螨;多年不喷洒杀虫(螨)剂的果园.李始叶螨种群数量占绝对的代势.②苹果全爪螨对三氯杀螨醇的扰性显著强于李始叶螨.③李始叶螨和苹果全爪螨在苹果叶片上存在着相互干扰.营养竞争等现象.进而证实田间大量使用三氯杀螨醇是促使兰州苹果园叶螨优势种演变的主要原因.并对压低苹果全爪螨发生基数和控制苹果园叶螨的防治对策进行探讨. 相似文献
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以新甜瓜为试验材料,通过小区试验评价了25%噻虫嗪WG、70%吡虫啉WG、10%氟啶虫酰胺WG及50%氟啶虫胺腈WG各3000倍液灌根处理对设施大棚甜瓜瓜蚜、烟粉虱和朱砂叶螨种群动态的影响。结果表明:3种主要害虫的发生与作物季节有关,空白对照处理最高虫量分别为33.88、92.30和480.80头·株-1。噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、氟啶虫胺腈及氟啶虫酰胺灌根处理显著抑制瓜蚜种群数量,而对烟粉虱种群数量无显著影响。噻虫嗪和氟啶虫酰胺灌根处理显著抑制朱砂叶螨种群数量。因此建议在设施甜瓜生产实践中,采用噻虫嗪和氟啶虫酰胺灌根处理可有效防控瓜蚜和朱砂叶螨危害,而氟啶虫胺腈灌根处理仅可用于控制瓜蚜危害;吡虫啉灌根处理虽能有效控制瓜蚜危害,但同时导致朱砂叶螨种群数量上升,应当慎重施用。 相似文献