异黄酮植物雌激素在动物中的作用

异黄酮植物雌激素广泛分布于植物界，其生理活性多种多样。研究显示它可提高动物的生产性能、繁殖力和免疫力，但对其作用机制尚未完全明确。本文综述近年来有关异黄酮植物雌激素在这些方面的研究概况。     

异黄酮植物雌激素对动物生长的影响及其作用机制

天然异黄酮植物雌激素广泛分布于自然界植物中，综述了异黄酮植物雌激素对单胃动物和反刍动物生长的影响，并总结了促生长的神经内分泌作用途径。     

轻松驿站

健康小常识常吃大豆防四类疾病当前,环境雌激素主要分五类,其中植物雌激素因其对人体有益而越来越受到重视。植物雌激素如异黄酮类,是对人体有益的植物雌激素,在结构上与雌二醇相似。异黄酮的主要食物来源是大豆及其制品大豆粉。大豆异黄酮对激素相关疾病有预防作用:(1)癌症大豆异黄酮对乳腺癌、前列腺癌及其他一些癌症的发生、发展具有显著的防治效果。通过比较研究说明,居民摄入豆制品及异黄酮的水平愈高,这些癌症发病率就愈低。大豆对绝经前妇女乳腺癌的发生有显著预防作用。(2)绝经期综合征绝经期妇女的热潮红和阴道炎都起因于卵巢功能…     

植物雌激素大豆异黄酮的抗氧化作用及机理

大量的研究表明,植物雌激素大豆异黄酮具有广泛的生物学功能．其中抗氧化作用是其重要生理功能之一。该文介绍了大豆异黄酮的来源、理化特性和它在动物体内的代谢特征等,并就大豆异黄酮对畜禽的抗氧化作用和机理进行了综述。     

大豆异黄酮的特性及其应用研究进展

大豆异黄酮属异黄酮类植物雌激素,主要存在于豆科植物中,其主要成分为染料木素、大豆苷元和大豆黄素,具有类雌激素和抗雌激素活性的双重作用,且具有抗氧化、调节机体免疫系统及内分泌系统等多种生物学功能,在畜牧业中有着极其广泛的用途,其应用前景非常广阔,是目前国内外研究的热点.文章综述了黄酮类和异黄酮类化合物的结构、大豆异黄酮的...     

植物雌激素的生理作用及在畜牧生产中的应用

1974年匈牙利科学家首次将异黄酮类化合物用作饲料添加刘 ,后来逐步引起动物学家的兴趣 ,近年来已成为研究的热点。研究发现 ,植物雌激素是一种有实用价值的生理调节剂 ,主要通过神经内分泌调控机体的生殖和营养过程 ,改善动物的生产性能。1　植物雌激素的分类及化学结构植物雌激素是指存在于植物中的具有类似动物雌激素生物活性的物质 ,根据其分子结构主要分为三大类 :异黄酮植物雌激素 (Ｉｓｏｆｌａｖｏｎｉｃｐｈｙｔｏｅｓｔｒｏｇｅｎｓ)、香豆素类 (Ｃｏｕｍｅｓｔａｎｓ)和木脂素 (Ｌｉｇｎａｎｓ) 1。异黄酮植物雌激素主要包括芒柄…     

异黄酮植物雌激素对雌性动物生殖、泌乳和产蛋的影响及其作用机制探讨

异黄酮植物雌激素是主要存在于豆科牧草和大豆的异黄酮类化合物,有雌激素样活性(约为17β-E2的10-3~10-5),对抗癌、抗氧化,改善心血管机能等有良好的作用。对雌性动物的生殖、泌乳和产蛋的效应,视使用剂量、持续时间和动物所处的生理状态,而呈现正负双向作用。异黄酮植物雌激素(本文涉及芒柄花素、大豆黄酮和染料木素)可与机体的E2受体竞争性结合,通过神经内分泌系统的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控生殖、泌乳和产蛋机能,并在生长轴、甲状腺轴等参与下,促使相关代谢激素参与其营养过程。异黄酮植物雌激素作为生理调节剂,在饲料工业中有良好的应用前景,但必须谨慎,应通过进一步的生产试验和观察。     

大豆异黄酮对畜禽生理和生产的影响

大豆异黄酮属植物雌激素，主要存在于豆科植物中。文章综述大豆异黄酮的免疫促进作用、调节胆固醇代谢与抗氧化作用等生理功能。     

大豆异黄酮对畜禽生理机能的调控

大豆异黄酮作为一类植物雌激素,对动物机体作用非常广泛.近年来研究发现大豆异黄酮对畜禽生理机能有一定的调控作用,本文综述了大豆异黄酮对畜禽生产性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能等方面的调控作用.     

大豆异黄酮在奶牛生产中的研究进展

大豆异黄酮是豆科植物中存在的一类黄酮类化合物,由于其类雌激素活性而被称为植物雌激素,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化应激、抗炎以及促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖等能力。本文主要从大豆异黄酮的主要成分、结构功能及其对奶牛瘤胃发酵、泌乳性能、抗氧化能力以及增殖性能的影响和作用机制等方面进行阐述。     

植物雌激素在畜牧生产中应用的研究进展

植物雌激素(phytoestrogen)是一类存在于植物中,类似于动物雌激素并具有与靶细胞受体结合能力的生物活性物质,具有双向调节作用,其生理功能多种多样,如促进动物生长、提高机体免疫力、提高动物的泌乳性能和产蛋性能、预防癌症等,是许多药物的重要组分。由于其具有巨大的药用价值,近几年来受到人们的广泛重视,并将其应用于治疗人类疾病、提高畜牧业生产中。作者就植物雌激素的作用机制及在奶牛、蛋鸡、猪生产中添加植物雌激素对提高奶牛生产性能,改善蛋鸡蛋品质、提高产蛋量,母猪泌乳量及仔猪成活率的影响作一综述。     

Improving village poultry's survival rate through community-based poultry health management: evidence from Benin

Community-based poultry health management (CBM) is a strategy for village poultry improvement based on the installment of “poultry interest groups” in experimental villages. These groups serve as a channel for the dissemination of village poultry improvement technologies. The use of CBM is due to the fact that village poultry farming is practiced in a total or partial scavenging system which gives the impression that all the birds in the village belong to the same flock. Accordingly, actions that target all farmers of the same village may have a larger impact on the village poultry's survival rate than actions that target individual producers. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of CBM on the survival rate of village poultry. Based on data collected on 353 poultry keepers, the study shows that CBM significantly improves the survival rate of village poultry. The adoption of technologies—poultry vaccination, construction of henhouses, and improved feed—disseminated through the CBM also significantly improves the survival rate. The access to markets for inputs and veterinary services is also important in improving the survival rate of poultry. Finally, the study suggests that governments and development agencies can improve village poultry survival rates by investing in the dissemination of information regarding best husbandry management practices through approaches that rely on the community such as CBM because CBM groups serve as channels for the dissemination of village poultry improvement technologies.     

Phytoestrogen Content of Birdsfoot Trefoil and Red Clover: Effects of Growth Stage and Ensiling Method

The phytoestrogen content of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was determined. In addition, the effects of growth stage, wilting and ensiling additives on content were studied. Birdsfoot trefoil raw material and silage contained only traces of phytoestrogens. In red clover raw material and silage, the phytoestrogen content varied from 0.8% to 1.1% of dry matter. Content was affected by growth stage of the plant and wilting. Formononetin concentration decreased as the plant matured from budding to flowering stage, and wilting from 25% to 40% of dry matter content decreased genistein and biochanin A content. The phytoestrogen content of red clover silage was 18% higher than that of raw material. Silage additives also affected the content. Silage ensiled with an additive containing Lactobacillus plantarum bacterial inoculate had higher concentrations of genistein and biochanin A than silage made with formic acid.     

应用HACCP体系控制畜禽养殖过程中的安全危害

畜禽养殖业建立HACCP体系以确保畜产品安全是大势所趋,结合我国畜牧业在国内外市场的形势就畜禽养殖业中建立HACCP体系的必要性进行探讨,运用HACCP原理对畜禽养殖过程中的安全危害进行分析,提出了安全危害的控制措施,并确定了养殖过程中的关键控制点及关键限值的监控措施.     

The Economic Power of Poultry in the Ozarks

The poultry industry is an essential part of the region's economy in western Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. With poultry production has come large amounts of poultry litter to the region. Some suggest excess nutrients from poultry litter have negatively affected water, lowering its usefulness for recreational purposes. This conflict has put the poultry industry at the heart of environmental litigation in the region. The purpose of this paper was to examine, first, the economic contributions of the poultry industry in the region and, second, the potential economic costs associated with meeting water quality standards by reducing the amount of poultry litter produced. Results show that the poultry industry as a whole supports over 34,000 jobs in the northern economic region of the study area and nearly 15,500 jobs in the central region. Results also indicate that the economic activity in the northern region could decrease by around 2% and by over 3% in the central region due to regulations on the use of poultry litter. These results are useful for those interested in the economic contribution of the poultry industry to the region, including poultry integrators and producers as well as to policymakers looking to balance environmental quality and economic development.     

Gordon memorial lecture. Poultry disease and public health

The development of the poultry industry and the consumption of poultry meat is traced over the past quarter of a century and related to the increased incidence of food poisoning in man. Factors affecting the spread of the main poultry pathogens which are of human significance are discussed. The pathogens considered are salmonella, campylobacter, staphylococci and clostridia. Various preventative measures are considered including rearing procedures for poultry, decontamination methods and education of the public. It is concluded that one of the most effective measures is irradiation of poultry and poultry products. The difficulties of introducing this control measure are recognised. It is concluded that more effective application of existing control methods would greatly reduce the hazards to public health.     

小肽对家禽肠道生理功能的影响

家禽肠道生理功能与家禽机体健康状态关系密切,维护家禽肠道生理功能是实现家禽健康养殖的关键。小肽以其独特的营养特性和吸收机制能够促进家禽肠道系统发育、肠道消化酶的分泌、肠道有益菌的大量繁殖、微量元素的吸收及肠道免疫力的提高,从而增强肠道的屏障作用和养分吸收能力,对肠道起到保护作用。开发以小肽为主的新型饲料添加剂在维护家禽肠道生理功能,实现健康养殖方面潜力巨大。     

区域畜禽养殖潜力评价方法与应用研究——基于种养平衡视角分析

种养平衡是区域畜牧业发展的重要趋势之一,测算区域畜禽养殖潜力将成为各地区畜牧业发展的重要工作。本文基于种养平衡理念,认为区域畜禽养殖潜力是植物粪肥养分需要量扣除掉畜禽粪肥养分生产量后的数值空间,并利用此方法测算了吉林省松原市5个县市的畜禽养殖潜力。结果表明:按照粪肥提供氮素占总氮素15%的比例来计算,松原市可容纳的畜禽粪污总量约为3.80万t,目前的养殖数量已经占用2.88万t,还有0.92万t的养殖空间,但个别县市畜禽养殖潜力已经接近极限。提高农户粪肥施用比例,区域畜禽养殖潜力将有很大的增加空间,如果减少猪而增加其他畜禽养殖也能提供养殖空间。北方区域畜禽养殖规模增长必须充分考虑种养平衡的关系,畜禽养殖潜力不大的区域不宜盲目增加养殖规模。     

好氧堆肥技术在畜禽粪污资源化利用中的研究进展

畜禽粪污处理是我国可持续发展进程的重要难题,关系到我国养殖行业的发展和美丽乡村的建设。本文梳理了当下国内畜禽粪污资源化现状、发展趋势和相关政策法规,对好氧堆肥和沼气发酵等畜禽粪污资源化处理方式、应用现状等进行全方位综合对比并明确其优缺点和发展前景,结果发现,利用好氧堆肥技术处理畜禽粪污更符合我国国情。同时分析国内外在堆肥机理、发酵工艺和设备等研究进展,系统整理了堆肥发酵过程中关键因素对其效果的影响,包括含水率、碳氮比、温度、pH值、通气量和微生物菌剂等,最后分析了畜禽粪污资源化过程面临的难题并提出建议。     

家禽苏氨酸营养研究进展

苏氨酸是家禽第三限制性氨基酸,在家禽体内发挥多种重要的生物学功能,如平衡饲粮氨基酸比例,提高营养物质利用效率,改善家禽生长性能和产蛋性能;促进肠道组织发育、维持肠道屏障功能,提高家禽免疫力等。文章从苏氨酸的代谢途径及其对家禽的生物学作用方面进行综述,为苏氨酸在家禽生产中的合理应用提供理论依据。