武汉郊区四种十字花科蔬菜病毒病种类的血清学调查

近年来,武汉郊区蔬菜病毒病日趋严重,尤以十字花科菜蔬及番茄、辣椒为甚。国外报道侵染十字花科的病毒主要是黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、芜青花叶病毒(TuMV)、花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV)、萝卜花叶病毒 (RaMV)及烟草花叶病毒(TMV)。国内据裘维蕃、范怀忠、魏景超、盛方镜等报道,     

马来西亚某些蔬菜作物病毒病的发生情况

马来西亚辣椒、甜椒、番茄、茄子、菠菜和黄瓜病毒病发生情况调查表明:80%以上的辣椒感染花叶病,并导致辣椒减产。鉴定了9个辣椒病株标样,其中3个标样由辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus,CVMV)单独侵染,其余为两种病毒复合侵染,CVMV 和黄瓜花叶病毒普通株系(CMV—O)、CVMV 和烟草花叶病毒番茄株系(TMV-t)、CVMV 和 CMV 的辣椒株系(CMV-C)复合侵染分别占标样数的2,2,1,1。甜椒病毒病的发生率低于辣椒(由于绝大部分甜椒在塑料大棚栽培的缘故),鉴定     

新疆番茄病毒病检测及南方番茄病毒全基因组序列测定与传播特性分析

为了解新疆番茄上病毒病的发生情况,利用一步法RT-PCR技术检测了南北疆番茄上南方番茄病毒(Southern tomato virus,STV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)以及马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)的感染情况,并利用分段克隆的方法进行全基因组测序,通过RT-PCR方法检测健康植株与携带病毒植株杂交育种的F1代植株带毒率以分析STV的种子传播特性。结果显示,新疆番茄上CMV、STV、ToMV和PVY在北疆的检出率分别为52%、37%、27%和14%;在南疆的检出率分别为79%、60%、69%和0;且以STV、CMV及ToMV的复合侵染为主。从我国加工番茄上首次获得了长3 437 nt的STV SHZ-1核苷酸序列,序列比对分析发现其与已报道STV只有1~9个核苷酸的变异,且序列变异与地域无相关性。分析杂交F1代加工番茄植株上STV的传播特性,发现其除可由种子传播外,也可通过花粉传播。表明STV是侵染新疆番茄的主要病毒之一,且该病毒可通过种子或杂交育种途径进行传播。     

豌豆病毒病病原研究

 1986年至1990年,从豌豆田中采集了150余份病毒病样本,鉴定出蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BB-WV)、芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)、马铃薯Y病毒组分离物、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、莴苣花叶病毒(LMV)、大豆花叶病毒(SMV)、豌豆花叶病毒(PMV)、菜豆黄花叶病毒(BYMV)和苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)等9种病毒。样本中,BBWV所占的比例最高,达59.2%,其次为CMV,占15.5%。BBWV常与CMV复合侵染豌豆,LMV发生也较普遍。田间调查表明,豌豆病毒病发病率因种植地区及品种不同而有差异,平均发病率为12.4%。     

从葎草中检出复合侵染的多种病毒

采用抗原直接包被酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）对采自重庆近郊的34个葎草样品进行了主要病毒种类的检测。其中马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y, PVY)的侵染最普遍,其阳性检出率达44.12%;马铃薯X病毒(Potato virus X, PVX)的阳性检出率最低,仅为26.47%,其余5种病毒,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)、番茄花叶病毒(Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV)、芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus, TuMV)及蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2, BBWV-2)的阳性检出率均为35.29%。葎草样品受多种病毒的复合侵染现象非常严重,15个阳性样品中病毒复合侵染率为80%,其中75%的样品检测到7种病毒复合侵染。     

京郊番茄主要病毒病毒原鉴定

近年来, 番茄病毒病, 特别是番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV）病在北京地区空前暴发, 给番茄生产造成严重威胁, 使番茄的产量和品质显著降低。2012-2013年在北京周边7个区县, 采集疑似感染病毒的番茄植株样品325份, 分别针对TYLCV、烟草花叶病毒（TMV）、黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）3种病毒进行了PCR或ELISA 检测。检测结果表明, 目前在北京地区大棚或温室内发生的番茄病毒病以TYLCV为主; 露地番茄病毒复合侵染现象比较普遍, 病毒检出率100%, 其中TYLCV检出率达到75%以上。在TYLCV侵染的样品中, TYLCV和CMV复合侵染占20%左右, TYLCV和TMV复合侵染占15%左右。部分样品检测到TYLCV、CMV 和TMV 3种病毒复合侵染的现象。     

广西烟草病毒病发生情况调查和病原病毒的鉴定

2010~2011年对广西百色市、河池市和贺州市的主要烤烟产区进行烟草病毒病发生情况和种类调查。结果显示,广西烟草病毒病以由烟草花叶病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒引起的花叶类型症状为主,一般发病率1.0%~10.0%,个别严重发病田块发病率达到82.0%~100.0%;马铃薯Y病毒病、番茄斑萎病毒病和曲叶病则为局部发生病害,其中马铃薯Y病毒病在靖西县、南丹县、富川县和钟山县零星发生,发病率0.1%~5.0%,个别田块达到20.0%;番茄斑萎病毒病主要在靖西县、隆林县、田林县和南丹县发生;曲叶病仅在靖西县、隆林县、田林县和乐业县等百色市烟区发现。采用间接ELISA、PCR和RT-PCR等方法对田间采集的185个各类疑似病毒病样进行病毒种类检测,其中145个样品检测出病毒,分别是烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、番茄环纹斑点病毒、中国番茄曲叶病毒和中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒,以及分别由上述2种病毒与云南辣椒曲叶病毒重组而来的2种重组病毒,其中以TMV的检出率最高,占检出样品的86.7%,是广西烟草病毒病的优势病原病毒。     

菇类蛋白多糖对烟草、番茄和黄瓜病毒病防治效果研究

室内用菇类蛋白多糖测定了由黄瓜病毒(CMV)侵染而发生的烟草、番茄和黄瓜病毒病的防治效果。结果表明:对烟草、番茄和黄瓜等作物病毒病有较高的活性。0.5%菇类蛋白多糖水剂加水稀释300～500倍液对大田烟草、番茄和黄瓜病毒病的防效达65%以上,并能明显改善上述作物的性状。     

辽宁省蔬菜病毒病调查与鉴定

本研究于2014—2015年,针对辽宁省茄科(番茄、辣椒)、葫芦科(黄瓜)、豆科(菜豆)、十字花科(白菜)几种主要蔬菜,对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、菜豆萎蔫病毒(BBWV)、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV)和芜菁花叶病毒(Tu MV)进行Dot-ELISA检测,对辣椒轻斑驳病毒(PMMo V)进行RT-PCR检测。调查中共采集样品778份,病毒总检出率为14.4%。其中,TMV、CMV、BBWV、Tu MV、PMMo V均有检出,检出率分别为11.3%、6.5%、1.9%、7.6%和0.6%,CGMMV在各地均未检出。从各地区病毒发生情况来看,凤城地区蔬菜病毒种类较多,发生较重。此次调查中有12份样品被检测出有复合侵染的现象,占总检出率的1.5%。     

海南岛西瓜病毒病种类鉴定及发生分布

正病毒病是西瓜生产上的重要病害,目前侵染我国西瓜的病毒主要有西瓜花叶病毒(watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV) 、甜瓜黄斑病毒(melon yellow spot virus,MYSV)、小西葫芦黄花叶病毒     

五种烟草病毒TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY及TVBMV的多重RT-PCR同步检测

 我国烟草病毒主要有烟草花叶病毒(TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)和烟草脉带花叶病毒(TVBMV),通常发生复合侵染。本研究对我国5种烟草病毒的外壳蛋白基因部分序列设计引物,通过优化引物和模板浓度,摸索扩增参数,在一个体系中成功对5种病毒复合侵染的烟草材料进行多重RT-PCR扩增,得到237、273、347、456和547 bp共5条特异性条带,建立了能同时检测TMV、CMV、TEV、PVY和TVBMV的多重RT-PCR检测体系。对田间样品检测结果证明,多重RT-PCR体系能够同时检测5种病毒,并且灵敏度高。     

进境番茄种子中番茄花叶病毒的检测与鉴定

利用双抗夹心 酶联免疫吸附试验(DAS-ELISA)和反转录 聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法对来自韩国的番茄种子进行种传病毒检测。结果表明,在该批番茄种子中检测到番茄花叶病毒（ToMV）和烟草花叶病毒（TMV）。PCR产物测序结果表明,ToMV特异引物（ToA/ToB）与TMV特异引物（TA/TB）扩增的片段均为ToMV的外壳蛋白（CP）基因及3′非编码区（3′ UTR）,该片段与其他ToMV分离物的核苷酸序列相似性为98.2%~99.9%。本研究利用重新设计合成TMV和ToMV特异引物对该批种子进行RT PCR检测,仅ToMV特异性引物（ToMf1/ToMr1）扩增到670 bp的预期片段,TMV特异引物（TMf1/TMr1）则未出现特异性扩增,表明重新设计的引物可准确区分ToMV和TMV。以上结果证实该批番茄种子仅携带ToMV。     

Occurrence and distribution of viruses infecting tomato and pepper in Alibori in northern Benin

In surveys conducted in 2011 and 2012 to identify the viruses causing diseases on pepper and tomato in the department of Alibori in northern Benin, 451 samples of pepper and tomato were analyzed by ELISA using 11 specific antibodies. The highest virus incidence among the surveyed districts was recorded on pepper in Malanville (56.18%), followed by Karimama (39.32%). The most frequently found viruses were Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Potato virus Y-necrotic (PVY-n), accounting respectively for 22.39%, 21.73% and 15.96% of the collected samples. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was detected in only 2.43% of the samples, whereas Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were not detected in any of the samples tested. Double and triple infections involving different virus combinations were found, respectively, in 14.86% and 4% of the samples. Five plant species (Euphorbia hirta Linnaeus, Moringa oleifera Lam, Leucas martinicencis (Jacquin) R. Brown, Combretum micranthum G. Don, Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) out of 30 samples belonging to 13 botanical families, collected within or nearby tomato and pepper fields, were found infected with PVMV, PVY-n, and CMV. Control measures to reduce the impact of viruses on pepper and tomato production are discussed. This is the first report of viruses infecting pepper and tomato in Benin.     

Occurrence of viruses in field-grown pepper crops and some of their reservoir weed hosts in Samsun, Turkey

Pepper production is affected by several viral diseases in Samsun, Turkey. To determine the identity of these viruses, a total of 313 samples from field-grown peppers were collected during surveys in 1998 and 1999, and tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six viruses,Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV),Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),Potato virus Y (PVY),Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV),Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) andTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were detected in the samples. Of 313 plants tested, 42 were doubly infected, and TMV+PVY (15.4%) was the most common double infection. This is also the first report of AMV in pepper fields in Turkey. The effect of some weed species that may act as reservoir of these viruses was also investigated in the region and of 24 weed species belonging to 15 families tested, 16 were found to be infected with at least one virus.Amaranthus retroflexus (Redroot pigweed) appeared to be a common host of CMV, PVY, ToMV, TMV and TSWV, whereasHibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) was recorded as a new weed host of PVY and TSWV. The majority of weed species found to be virus infected were very common in the pepper growing areas of the region. This indicates that pepper fields contaminated with these weeds are under risk of viral infections. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2005.     

Evaluation of the status of capsicum viruses in the main growing regions of Turkey

The incidence, severity and distribution of six viruses infecting capsicum were determined in the main growing areas of Turkey during the 2004 growing season. The surveys covered 50 randomly selected capsicum fields from four different areas in south-east Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean region. 515 samples were individually collected and tested by DAS-ELISA for Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), Potato X potexvirus (PVX), Potato Y potyvirus (PVY), Pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMoV) and Tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV). 64.8% of ELISA-tested capsicum samples (334 out of 515) were infected by one (41.7%) or more (23.1%) viruses. PVY was the most widespread (26.4%), followed by PVX (25.8%), AMV (25.2%), TEV (23%), PMMoV (9.1%) and CMV (8.3%). Surprisingly high AMV infection was found in three areas (Kahramanmaraş, Şanlıurfa and Gaziantep) where AMV is reported for the first time in this study. However, AMV was not detected in Hatay. PMMoV is another new virus, in all the tested areas.     

Occurrence and viability of Septoria oenotherae in commercial seed samples of evening primrose

The antiphytoviral activity of 1-morpholinomethyl-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DD13) in a test system including protoplast cultures, surviving tissues and greenhouse plants was examined. The inhibitory effect was quantitatively investigated by immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The antiviral action in vitro was 96%. The first 6 h after inoculation was the most sensitive period of the tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) reproduction cycle. DD13 possessed a protective effect in 97–100% plants infected with ToMV and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV).     

北京地区辣椒上黄瓜花叶病毒和甜菜西方黄化病毒复合侵染的分子鉴定

辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜和经济作物,受多种病毒危害。2014年在北京市顺义区调查时发现部分种植的辣椒植株上叶片大面积黄化,边缘症状明显,个别植株叶片轻微上卷。提取典型症状样品的总RNA,反转录得到cDNA,分别用黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属(Polerovirus)通用引物进行PCR检测,CMV特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属通用引物分别扩增得到约650bp和1 400bp的特异条带。测序和核苷酸序列比对表明,其分别与CMV和甜菜西方黄化病毒(Beet western yellows virus,BWYV)序列同源性最高为99%和96%。这是对我国种植的辣椒上发生的CMV和BWYV复合侵染的首次报道。     

我国部分省市草莓种苗中黄瓜花叶病毒的检测分析

 为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。