再谈稻瘟病发生及防治对策

阐述了汤原县稻瘟病发生危害概况,分析总结了近两年发生原因及特点,据此,提出了全程控制、超前预防的防治对策,旨在为今后有效预防稻瘟病发生起到一定的指导作用。     

茶树冻害的预防补救措施和效益分析

随着经济的发展,社会的进步,天气的影响,茶树冻害的预防补救措施和效益越来越引起人们的重视,经过几年来的实践经验,现将天气实况、冻害类型、冻害预防和补救措施及其效益比较介绍如下。     

再谈稻瘟病发生与防治对策

阐述了汤原县稻瘟病发生危害概况,分析总结近两年发生原因及特点,据此,提出了全种控制、超前预防的防治对策,旨在为今后有效预防稻瘟病发生起到一定的指导作用.     

绿茶EGCG防癌作用的分子靶点

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）是绿茶中含量最高、活性最强的多酚类成分。近年来绿茶EGCG癌症预防作用的分子靶点一直备受关注。本文对已报道的EGCG癌症预防作用机制及其可能的作用靶点进行了综述,讨论了将EGCG开发为癌症化学预防剂应采取的策略,以期为设计预防癌症的新方案提供借鉴。     

基于茶文化视角下的安全预防工作研究

基层安全预防工作是基层管理工作的重点和中心,是衡量部队全面建设水平的关键。中国茶文化体系中包含了深刻的儒家礼仪、法家治世观思想,本文在茶文化视角下,就部队安全预防工作,分析存在的问题,提出具体对策,促进部队安全预防工作的法制化、科学化。     

茶多酚对动脉粥样硬化的预防作用与机理研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是多种心血管疾病的重要病理基础,对心脑血管的损害可累及全身各个器官。茶多酚能够通过抗炎、调节血脂水平、抑制 LDL 氧化修饰、改善内皮功能、保持斑块稳定性等不同途径有效预防动脉粥样硬化。本文就近年来茶多酚对动脉粥样硬化的预防功能与机理方面的研究进行综述。     

茶叶对糖尿病的预防作用及其机理研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高和饮食结构的变化,糖尿病的患病呈流行趋势,发病率逐年上升,预防和治疗糖尿病成为热门话题。现代科学证明茶叶作为健康饮品的同时对人体健康具有多方面的保健功效。本文回顾了茶叶在糖尿病预防方面已取得研究进展,综述了茶叶与糖尿病预防的相关流行病学和人体临床研究结果,并对茶叶预防糖尿病的机制进行了梳理。     

水稻赤枯病的发生与防治

针对盘锦地区水稻赤枯病发生情况，对其病害进行研究。介绍了盘锦地区水稻赤枯病的发生时期、症状和发病原因，并从合理施肥、预防根部中毒、选用抗病品种、采取壮秧早播、浅水灌溉等技术措施方面提出了行之有效的预防与防治措施。     

绿茶、EGCG预防及缓解香烟烟雾诱导COPD的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是由吸烟引发的最常见肺部疾病之一。香烟烟雾诱导的氧化应激、炎症反应及蛋白酶/抗蛋白酶失衡与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发生、恶化密切关联。饮用绿茶、摄入EGCG能够清除人体内活性氧自由基,预防及缓解其带来的一系列呼吸道疾病。本文总结了近10年来众多学者对绿茶、EGCG作用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的研究文献,以期探讨绿茶、EGCG预防及缓解慢性阻塞性肺疾病的机理,提高人们对绿茶、EGCG预防及缓解慢性阻塞性肺疾病的认识。     

水稻赤枯病的发生与防治

针对盘锦地区水稻赤枯病发生情况,对其病害进行研究。介绍了盘锦地区水稻赤枯病的发生时期、症状和发病原因,并从合理施肥、预防根部中毒、选用抗病品种、采取壮秧早播、浅水灌溉等技术措施方面提出了行之有效的预防与防治措施。     

可食用野生蔬菜中纤维类物质的检测方法

依据GB/T 5009.88-2003食品中不溶性膳食纤维的测定(Determination of insoluble dietary fiber in foods)和GB/T 5009.10-2003植物类食品中粗纤维的测定(Determination of crude fiber in vegetable foods),并简化其操作步骤,对海南8种可食用野生蔬菜中的粗纤维和不溶性膳食纤维进行测定.结果表明,不同用量石油醚和α-淀粉酶对蔬菜中脂肪和淀粉进行前处理的作用不大.对测定结果几乎无影响;8种野生蔬菜中不溶性膳食纤维含量为1.5%～4.9%.粗纤维含量为0.7%～1.8%.     

微波强化碱润涨预处理对豆渣膳食纤维结构及其酯化反应的影响

研究了碱润涨预处理和微波强化碱润涨预处理对豆渣膳食纤维化学结构,物理特性以及对豆渣纤维素酯化反应的影响。结果表明,与碱润涨预处理相比,微波强化碱润涨预处理对豆渣膳食纤维的活化效果更好,二者均没有改变豆渣纤维素的化学组分。在相同的反应条件下,没有经过预处理、碱预处理和微波强化碱润涨预处理豆渣纤维素酯的取代度分别为0.0445、0.0558和0.0681,即经过预处理后豆渣纤维素的反应可及度增大,酯化效率由57.57%提高到了88.10%,且随微波辐照时间的延长,豆渣纤维素酯的取代度增加。经过酯化改性后,豆渣纤维素酯具有较强的油污去除力,且随着酯化取代度的增加,去污力呈增加的趋势,可以应用在洗涤用品中。     

挤压膨化碱处理豆渣制备水溶性膳食纤维工艺的研究

以豆渣为原料,并在碱液处理后直接挤压膨化制备豆渣水溶性膳食纤维.以水溶性膳食纤维得率为指标,对物料水分、挤压温度、螺杆转速及氢氧化钠浓度进行了单因素试验.采用响应面分析方法,对挤压膨化提高碱处理豆渣水溶性膳食纤维的工艺条件进行了优化,并建立了物料水分、挤压温度、螺杆转速三因素的回归模型.确定了挤压膨化碱处理豆渣制备水溶...     

动态超高压改性芒果皮渣膳食纤维对果酱流变特性的影响

本研究以芒果皮渣为研究对象,采用动态超高压技术处理芒果皮渣膳食纤维,研究其粒度、膳食纤维含量以及添加了该膳食纤维对果酱流变特性的影响。结果表明：超高压改性提高了芒果皮渣膳食纤维的溶解性;随着压力的增大,膳食纤维粒径先增大后减小再增加,120 MPa时粒径达到18.218 μm。流变特性研究发现,芒果皮渣膳食纤维/果酱复配体系为非牛顿流体,具有假塑性流体特征;果酱粘度随着剪切速率的增大而减小,存在明显的剪切稀化现象;动态粘弹性测试结果表明,果酱复配体系的贮能模量（G′）与损耗模量（G′′）均随角频率的增加而呈上升趋势,损耗正切值也随着压力的增加而增加,在150 MPa时流体性质最明显。     

Easy Preparation of Dietary Fiber with the High Water-Holding Capacity from Food Sources

Dietary fibers were prepared as alkali- and acid-insoluble fractions with chemical phosphorylation from Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius), defatted soybean (Glycine max), and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The dietary fiber fractions treated with alkaline solution containing sodium metaphosphate had the lower protein content and higher total dietary fiber content than those of the preparations without phosphorylation. Alkaline extraction followed by phosphorylation led to a 1.5-fold increase in the water holding capacity of dietary fiber compared with no phosphorylation, whereas the binding capacity to bile acids of dietary fiber was almost the same. The alkali- and acid-insoluble extraction with phosphorylation provided an efficient preparation of water-insoluble dietary fiber with high-water holding capacity from various food sources.     

物理改性处理对菠萝皮渣膳食纤维物化特性的影响

以菠萝皮渣为原料制备膳食纤维,考察超微粉碎、蒸汽爆破和挤压膨化3种物理改性方式对菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的基本成分、理化性质、形貌结构及生物活性物质溶出量的影响。结果表明:3种物理改性方式均能提高样品阳离子交换能力,增加多酚、黄酮物质的溶出量。其中蒸汽爆破处理能显著提高可溶性膳食纤维含量,在持水持油性方面表现良好。形貌结构分析结果显示,改性后的膳食纤维结构均发生不同程度的变化,但其主要成分及化学结构未受影响。综上所述,蒸汽爆破处理有助于改善菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的品质。     

Selected nutritional and quality analyses of tomatillos (Physalis ixocarpa)

Proximate composition, total dietary fiber and pH of tomatillos (Physalis ixocarpa) grown in Baja, California were analyzed. Moisture content averaged 92%. On a dry matter basis (DMB), tomatillos contained 11% protein, 18% fat, 13% ash and 5% total dietary fiber. On an as consumed basis (ACB), tomatillos contained 1% protein, 1.5% fat, 1% ash and 0.4% dietary fiber. Carbohydrate (CHO) content was calculated by difference resulting in an average adjusted CHO (excluding dietary fiber) of 53% on a DMB and 4% on an ACB; total CHO (including dietary fiber) was 58 and 4.8%, respectively. Average kcalorie content was calculated to be about 31 kcals/100 g. The average pH of tomatillos was 3.76.     

Improvement of dietary fiber,ferulic acid and calcium contents in pan bread enriched with nejayote food additive from white maize (Zea mays)

Nejayote is the wastewater from the alkaline-cooking of maize and its solids are rich in dietary fiber (45.3%), calcium (5.7%) and ferulic acid (219 mg/100 g). Nejayote solids were used to develop a food additive (NS) consisting of 80% nejayote solids and 20% gluten. NS was incorporated at 3, 6 or 9%, in wheat flour to increase the dietary fiber, calcium, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of breads. The addition of 9% NS did not affect overall baking performance and bread quality but increased dietary fiber up to 54% in composite breads. Moreover, enriched breads contained about 745 times more free ferulic acid and increased approximately 70% their antioxidant capacity. Two slices of bread (64 g) supplemented with 9% of NS provided 29% of the recommended calcium intake. Thus, the NS could be used as a value-added food-ingredient for the preparation of composite bakery-products with improved dietary fiber, calcium, nutraceuticals and antioxidant properties.     

Commercial Breakfast Cereals Available in Mexican Markets and their Contribution in Dietary Fiber, β-Glucans and Protein Quality by Rat Bioassays

The beneficial effect of dietary fiber (DF) consumption has long been recognized. The global economy and open market trade policies have increased the availability of food products in Mexican markets, resulting in a wide variety of ready-to-eat commercial breakfast cereals classified as ‘high fiber’. This research was aimed to evaluate the total dietary fiber contents, its fractions (soluble and insoluble) and β-glucan in 13 commercial ‘high-fiber’ breakfast cereals, as well as to evaluate their protein quality by rat bioassays. Commercial ‘high-fiber’ breakfast cereals had 7.42–39.82 % insoluble dietary fiber, 2.53–12.85 % soluble dietary fiber, and 0.45–4.96 % β-glucan. These ready-to-eat commercial ‘high-fiber’ breakfast cereals differed significantly in their total dietary fiber, their soluble and insoluble DF fractions, and also in their β-glucan contents. When supplied as experimental diets, in 14-day rat feeding trials, the ‘high-fiber’ breakfast cereals showed an adverse effect on the % N digestibility but protein utilization, as measured as net protein ratio (NPR), was not significantly affected. The consumption of these commercial breakfast cereals, especially those made of oats as the basic ingredient, is highly recommended, since these products, being a concentrated source of dietary fiber, do not affect their protein quality.     

海南15种野生蔬菜膳食纤维含量的测定

以国家标准GB 5009.88-2014《食品中膳食纤维的测定》为基础,研究了4种蛋白酶、2种酶解辅助处理方法对膳食纤维测定值的影响。以调整后的方法测定了15种野生蔬菜总的、可溶性及不溶性膳食纤维的含量,分析了不同产地和采摘时期野生蔬菜总膳食纤维含量的差异。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶处理后的树仔菜总膳食纤维测定值最高;超声波振荡辅助酶解处理的除杂效果较好;15种野生蔬菜膳食纤维含量和组成差异较大,产地对树仔菜、马齿苋总膳食纤维含量的影响分别为极显著、显著,但是对枸杞菜和雷公菜总膳食纤维含量的影响不显著;采摘时期对树仔菜、马齿苋、枸杞菜和雷公菜总膳食纤维含量均有极显著影响。