不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发性成分的比较

【目的】分析不同种源北美香柏和北美乔柏叶挥发油成分的组成及相对含量,为进一步合理开发和利用崖柏属植物资源提供理论依据。【方法】以大小相同、长势一致的健康2年生幼苗为材料,通过固相微萃取技术(SPME)提取幼苗相同位置新叶中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)进行分离与鉴定,采用质谱进行定性,并通过峰面积归一化法求得各挥发成分的相对含量。【结果】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油中共鉴别出156种成分,北美乔柏鉴定出74种,北美香柏鉴定出95种。北美乔柏和北美香柏叶挥发性成分均以单萜类化合物为主,北美乔柏的平均相对含量(80.258%)高于北美香柏(69.445%),而倍半萜类及其他萜类化合物相对含量相反。两树种挥发油成分组成差异明显,不同种源北美乔柏幼苗特有成分27种,北美香柏35种; 10个种源共有成分仅6种且含量差异显著,共有成分分别为α-崖柏酮、γ-松油烯、(8β,13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene、α,α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯、石竹烯和棕榈酸甲酯。北美乔柏和北美香柏的主要成分差异明显,相同主成分仅有α-崖柏酮和β-水芹烯,但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。【结论】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发性成分组成和含量差异明显,但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。     

微波辅助萃取-固相微萃取联用技术分析桑叶挥发性成分

用微波辅助萃取-固相微萃取联用技术,结合气相色谱-质谱法对桑叶挥发性成分进行了鉴定,并用面积归一化法测定其相对含量.共鉴定出化合物45种,包括酮、醇、酸、烷烃、烯烃、甾醇、醛、酯及杂环化合物等,其中酮类化合物占总色谱馏出峰面积的 6.56%;醇类化合物占 33.32%;酸类占 13.71%;烃类占 23.44%.主要化合物有: 3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六醇(24.05%)、1-乙酰基-4-异丙基-二环[3.1.0]己烷 (16.27%)、5-(2-异丁烯基)-4,6,6-三甲基-3-环己烯酸(8.35%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(5.67%).该技术可以简便、快捷、准确地进行桑叶挥发性成分的分析鉴定.     

闪蒸-气相色谱-质谱法在烟用香精香料分析中的应用研究

采用闪蒸-气相色谱-质谱法对膏状的1146、黏稠状的1133两种烟用香精香料样品进行测定,并考察样品量和闪蒸温度对实验的影响.结果表明,0.4mg样品在350℃下闪蒸可以得到最佳色谱图,且重现性良好.对两种样品1146和1133进行定性分析,定性出样品1146中的18个组分以及样品1133中的13个组分.前者中主要含有...     

大麻花叶挥发油成分研究

对大麻花叶挥发性成分进行了研究,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取大麻花叶挥发油,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了大麻花叶挥发性成分。从大麻花叶挥发油中共分离出95个色谱峰,鉴定了75个化合物,占挥发油总量的88.05%,主要成分为石竹烯氧化物(Caryophylleneoxide,含量为13.2%)、β-石竹烯(β-Caryophyllene,含量为9.90%)、β-瑟林烯(β-selinene,含量为3.82%)等。结果表明:大麻花叶挥发油中鉴定出萜烯及其衍生物33种,杂环类化合物8种,酮、醇、酯类化合物18种,烷烃类13种,其他类3种;其中萜烯及其衍生物成分含量及数量最多,占挥发油总量的56.03%。     

SPME-GC-MS分析普洱茶的挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取(SPME)前处理方法分别从生茶和熟茶两种不同发酵过程的普洱茶叶中提取挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法定性。结果表明:两种茶叶共检测出60种挥发性成分,生茶检出44种,熟茶检出43种,共同组分27种。生茶的主要挥发性成分有:1,2,3-三甲氧基苯、环氧芳樟醇、藜芦醚、氧化芳樟醇、β-芳樟醇、α-松油醇等物质;熟茶的主要挥发性成分有:5-甲基-2-己酮、四氢芳樟醇、氧化芳樟醇、β-芳樟醇、异丁醚、α-松油醇等组分。二者得到的成分及含量有着较为明显的差别。     

香榧种子生长发育过程中假种皮挥发油的变化

【目的】探究香榧假种皮不同制备方式与分析方法对挥发油成分含量测定的影响,揭示香榧种子生长发育过程中假种皮挥发油成分的动态变化规律,为香榧假种皮的利用提供参考。【方法】结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,优化水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)样品制备条件,选择适合的方法测定香榧种子生长发育过程中假种皮挥发性油成分与含量。【结果】1)基于GC-MS的分析结果,从成分种类及含量上来看,SD更适合香榧假种皮挥发油分析样品的制备。2)用SD-GC-MS分析,检测出假种皮挥发油成分有47种,包含萜烯类21种(柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、δ-杜松烯等)、萜醇类15种(芳樟醇、冰片、榄香醇等)、萜烯酯类3种(乙酸冰片酯、乙酸松油酯、乙酸香叶酯)、其他化合物8种(胡椒酮、抗氧剂264、棕榈酸等)。3)种子生长发育过程中,假种皮中的挥发性成分呈一定的变化规律,其中莰烯、β-蒎烯、萜品油烯等含量5—9月均呈上升趋势;部分成分5—8月上升到最大值后开始下降,如α-蒎烯、桧烯、月桂烯等;5—6月和8—9月单萜类和倍半萜类成分呈明显的负相关趋势,而6—7月由于假种皮处于生长时期,单萜类和倍半萜类...     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析柚木光辐射前后的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测分析了柚木光辐射前后的挥发性成分,研究结果表明:从光辐射前后的柚木中共鉴定出80种挥发性成分,辐射前(原柚木)鉴定出57种挥发性成分,辐射60 h后的柚木中鉴定出53种挥发性成分,包括烃类、醇类、酚类、酯类、醛类、酮类、蒽醌类和胺类。光辐射后柚木未能检测到酮类,且醇类从12.586%减少到7.498%,醇类化合物由6种减少至3种,醛类从0.404%增加到3.653%,醛类化合物由3种增至5种。柚木光辐射前挥发性成分主要是2-甲基蒽醌(18.443%)、2-N-甲基-萘胺(14.781%)、邻苯二甲酸异丁基辛基酯(9.567%)、1,2,3-三甲基-4-丙烯基-(E)-萘(7.513%)、τ-杜松醇(4.684%)、α-杜松醇(3.583%)、柏木脑(3.576%)、1,2-邻苯二甲酸丁基异丁基酯(3.213%)这8种化合物;辐照后除α-杜松醇和1,2-邻苯二甲酸丁基异丁基酯未能检测到外,增加了化合物1,2-邻苯二甲酸丁基环己基酯(3.070%),且邻苯二甲酸异丁基辛基酯(11.787%)有所增加,其余成分含量变化不大。醛类挥发性成分含有发色基团—CHO,醇类挥发性成分含有助色基团羟基—OH,而且光辐射后含量明显增加的挥发性成分都含有发色基团—COO—,这些发色基团和助色基团的改变在柚木光变色中起到一定作用。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法分析不同材质木片中的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析橡木、西南桦木、枫木、松木、铁杉这5种木片中的挥发性成分.结果显示,5种木片均检出了45种挥发性成分,其中橡木木片鉴定出49种,西南桦木片鉴定出45种,枫木木片鉴定出47种,松木木片鉴定出50种,铁杉木片鉴定出47种.其中橡木木片中的挥发性化合物如5-甲基-2-糠醛、糠醛、香叶基丙酮、β-紫罗兰酮与卷烟中典型代表香味成分相同,这些香味成分可能有助于使储存在其中的烟丝的香味成分含量增加并对其感官品质起到一定的提升作用.     

中药莪术挥发油化学成分的研究

采用GC MS DS对莪术药材挥发油进行系统分析 ,共分离得到 10 0个气相色谱峰 ,鉴定出 62种化学成分 ,其中α 侧柏烯、β 侧柏烯、异松油烯、松香芹醇、δ 愈创木烯等 17种成分为首次鉴定。其次 ,对莪术挥发油进行柱层析分离得到一无色晶体 ,经GC MS DS分析为一混晶 ,由 4种抗肿瘤有效成分组成 :莪术醇 ( 64% )、异莪术醇 ( 30 % )、莪术二酮 ( 1.1% )、莪术烯醇 ( 4 .7% )     

麻疯树树叶的挥发性化学成分研究

采用乙醇加热回流法提取了云南建水县、石屏县和元阳县采集的麻疯树树叶中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)及GC对其提取物化学成分进行了解析,分析鉴定化合物的组成及相对含量。从麻疯树叶的挥发性物质中分离出53个色谱峰,鉴定出40种化合物。化合物类型包括醛、酮、酯、萜类化合物、甾醇类、脂肪酸、烷烃、烯烃、芳香族化合物等。麻疯树叶的提取物中发现了含量丰富的多种具有开发价值的物质如三萜类、植物甾醇类、天然维生素E和植醇等。其中元阳县采集的麻疯树叶的化合物组成和相对含量与其它两个地点采集的略有差异,为了解麻疯树的化学物质基础和进一步开发研究提供了理论依据。     

Study on Volatile Organic Components from Chinese Fir Wood

Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids, which include a variety of chemicals, some of them may have short- and long- term adverse health effects. Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors. VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands, for example: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equi…     

Neuropharmacological activities of phytoncide released from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>

Forest-air bathing and walking (shinrin-yoku) is beneficial to human heath. In this study the phytoncide (volatile compounds) released from Cryptomeria japonica plantation forest was characterized by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main volatile compounds were α-pinene (19.35%), β-myrcene (16.98%), d-limonene (15.21%), and γ-muurolene (7.42%). Furthermore, the neuropharmacological activity of the essential oils from leaves of C. japonica (ECJ) was evaluated by several animal behavior tests. ECJ could prolong the sleeping phase of ICR (imprinting control region) mice in the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time model. Furthermore, both EJC and one of its monoterpenes, d-limonene, possessed potent anxiolytic and analgesic activities based on the results obtained from elevated plus maze and writhing tests. The volatile compounds released from C. japonica provide relaxing and stress-relieving effects on mice, and further study on the effect of phytoncide on humans is worthwhile.     

Volatile composition analysis by solid-phase microextraction applied to oak wood used in cooperage (Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus petraea): effect of botanical species and toasting process

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sorption of selected volatile substances from oak wood-chip samples (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea L.) subjected to different toasting levels, namely, without toasting, with medium toasting, and with strong toasting, through the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The main volatile compounds identified as a function of the toasting level and botanical species were furfural, hexanal, α-pinene, d-limonene, decanal, vitispirane, ethyl hexanoate, cis-3-methyl-γ-octalactone (“oak lactone” or “whisky lactone”), α-terpineol, p-xylene, and nonanal. Considering the data obtained from the toasted woods (medium and strong intensity) in comparison with those of nontoasted woods, it can be pointed out that the average peak area and the number of compounds identified in the gas chromatogram decreased during the toasting process. In general, regarding the compounds analyzed, quantitative differences were found between the two oak wood species under study. High values of volatile compounds were found in Quercus pyrenaica oak wood chips. In addition, for the number of compounds identified in oak wood extracts and directly extracted from solid oak wood chips by SPME, it is concluded that the best extraction process for volatile compounds from oak wood is the use of oak wood-chip liquid extracts.     

苏铁蕨中脂溶性成分的提取及GC-MS分析

采用微波-乙醇工艺提取苏铁蕨的木质根上茎直立部分,经GC-MS分析,分离出60个峰,并确认了其中55个成分,所鉴定的组分占总峰面积的97.88%.苏铁蕨中的脂溶性成分被划分为4类化合物:有机酸类、倍半萜类、烷烃类和环硅氧烷类.经结构分析,各类化合物内部的分子结构间存在高度的相关性,特别在烷烃类与环硅氧烷类中,相邻的化合物间具有相同的结构差.其中环硅氧烷的结构在蕨类植物研究中尚未见报道.     

Extraction and decomposition of hiba wood into valuable chemicals using stepwise temperature supercritical carbon dioxide treatment

Hiba (Thujopsis dolabrata) wood was treated with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) at stepwise temperature increments from 50° to 400°C continuously so that extractives (dichloromethane-soluble and -insoluble phases) and solid residues were obtained. The yield of extractives from hiba wood increased with increasing extraction temperature. The volatile compounds in the dichloromethane-soluble phase from scCO₂ extraction at 50°C contained only terpenoids. However, the volatile compounds in the dichloromethane-soluble phase from scCO₂ extraction at 300°C not only contained terpenoids but also phenols, furans, hydrocarbons, and organic acids. The yield of β-thujaplicin, which is a useful compound in hiba wood, increased with increasing extraction temperature from 50°C to 300°C; the optimal conditions for extracting β-thujaplicin were 300°C and 19.61 MPa. Further study of degradated compounds from the cellulosic and lignic materials of hiba wood after stepwise high-temperature scCO₂ treatment above 300°C may provide clues to its efficient use.     

Influence of geographical location, site and silvicultural parameters, on volatile composition of Quercus pyrenaica Willd. wood used in wine aging

For the current study, the volatile and semi-volatile composition of several samples of Quercus pyrenaica wood from NW Spain were analyzed and compared. The research was performed on a wide sample set of more than 100 samples (test tubes) obtained from different stands of this species. The relationship between some silvicultural and site parameters and volatile composition was studied. Altitude seemed to be the most influential parameter on the volatile composition. However, other factors such as distance from tree center, average annual precipitation, and number of trees per hectare whose effects on the volatile compounds were not significant. The influence of soil texture was not a determining factor while geographical location seemed to have a more specific impact on the extractive volatile content. The content of all extractable compounds studied allowed a good separation of oak samples of the same species according to their geographical origin.     

侧柏挥发性化学成分的鉴定及其对双条杉天牛的触角电位反应

行为试验发现侧柏饵木对双条杉天牛有很强的引诱作用。采用顶空吸附采样方法林间采集侧柏不同部位的挥发性成分,经热脱附吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用分析,发现侧柏释放的挥发性成分主要由脂肪族的绿叶成分和单萜烯组成。固相微萃取和水蒸汽蒸馏采集侧柏韧皮成分,分析发现其主要成分由单萜烯、倍半萜烯及其衍生物组成,两种采样方法的采样效果有一定的差异。触角电位研究表明,双条杉天牛触角对挥发性绿叶成分正戊醇、正己醇、2-乙基-1-己醇和1-辛烯-3-醇有很强的触角电位反应;对醛类化合物触角电位反应较弱;对单萜烯类化合物香桧烯、侧柏醇和(-)-柠檬烯有很强的触角电位反应。双条杉天牛对小蠹虫的信息素都有很强的触角电位反应,特别是对3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-醇及其酮类化合物。含6个碳或8个碳的醇类成分与马鞭草烯酮结合和侧柏挥发性的单萜烯类成分对双条杉天牛寻找寄主的行为可能有很大影响。     

不同方法提取川桂叶挥发油的比较研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE-CO2)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)从川桂叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析了挥发油的化学组成,并进行了比较.结果表明:两种方法所得挥发油存在较大差别,超临界CO2流体萃取得到挥发油的产率为1.6%,主要成分是香豆素(32.5%),芳樟醇(19.9%),棕榈酸(10.4%),而水蒸气蒸馏法得到挥发油的产率为0.9%,主要成分是芳樟醇(69.0%)、丁香烯(4.6%)、氧化丁香烯(2.7%).     

Monitoring the emission of volatile organic compounds from the leaves of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana using solid-phase micro-extraction

In this study, solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fibers coated with polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were used to monitor the emission patterns of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from leaves of Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana Florin. in situ. In both sunny and rainy weather, the circadian profile for BVOCs from C. macrolepis var. formosana leaves has three maximum emission cycles each day. This kind of emission pattern might result from the plant’s circadian clock, which determines the rhythm of terpenoid emission. Furthermore, emission results from the leaves demonstrated that the circadian profile of α-pinene observed was opposite to the profiles of limonene and myrcene, a difference that may be attributable to two different subpathways for terpenoid biosynthesis.