我国晚熟柑桔品种及其特性

晚熟柑桔存在两种概念：一种是品种概念，即成熟期晚的柑桔品种；一种是市场概念，即晚期上市的晚熟柑桔产品。生产晚熟柑桔有多种途径，一种是选择成熟晚的品种在适宜地区发展，一种是选择合适的栽培区域种植，以达到晚熟的目的；还可通过各种栽培方式和栽培技术措施使柑桔推迟成熟或使成熟的柑桔延迟采收。成熟期早晚是个相对概念，一般把翌年3月以后成熟的柑桔品种称之晚熟柑桔。目前我国栽培的晚熟柑桔品种涵盖宽皮柑桔类、甜橙类和柚类，合理搭配，成熟采收上市期可从翌年1月延至6月或7月，若与旱中熟品种搭配，在不同生态区域合理布局，实现柑桔鲜果周年供应基本不成问题，果汁加工原料供应期也可从现在的3~4个月延长到8～9个月。气候条件，尤其是热量条件是决定晚熟柑桔能否栽培成功的最重要因素，只要年平均温度在17℃以上，冬季无严重霜冻、绝对低温在-3℃以上，或仅有短暂的低于～3℃的气温，栽培晚熟柑桔就不会有太大的问题。我国中亚热带和南亚热带不少地区均可种植晚熟柑桔。     

茂谷柑的引种及幼树管理技术要点

观察了茂谷柑在梅州市的引种表现,介绍了幼树栽培管理枝术要点。根据观察认为茂谷柑为晚熟、优质、高产、稳产、适应性强。针对茂谷柑的品种特性,并总结出一套建园种植、肥水管理、病虫害防治等幼树栽培技术要点。     

台湾柑桔良种——茂谷柑和麻豆文旦介绍

一、晚熟柑桔品种———茂谷柑　　茂谷柑英名“Ｍｕｒｃｏｔｔ”、“Ｈｏｎｅｙｔａｎｇｅｒｉｎｅ”或“Ｈｏｎｅｙｍｕｒｃｏｔｔ”，为美国佛罗里达州迈阿密农业试验所的Ｗ－Ｔ－Ｓｗｉｎｇｌｅ等人，于１９１３年育成的宽皮桔与甜橙的杂交种，即桔橙类（ｔａｎｇｏｒｓ）。７０年代台湾大学园艺系林扑教授将该品种引入台湾北部地区试种。由于茂谷柑糖度高，风味佳而浓郁、皮薄多汁，且较蕉柑晚熟，因而在台湾市场的售价较蕉柑高出许多，栽培面积逐年增加。近年来闽南地区也已有引种试种。本文拟就茂谷柑在台湾地区的栽培表现介绍如下。…     

20个柑桔品种(品系)引种观察研究初报

广西地处亚热带,柑桔栽培地域广阔,品种丰富。为了选择适合广西发展的柑桔优良品种(品系),笔者从1998年开始,从国内外引进柑桔品种(品系)20个进行了初步观察与分析,现将结果总结如下。1材料与方法从国内外引进的柑桔优良品种(品系)20个,其中甜橙类8个,温州蜜柑类6个,桔类4个,杂柑类2个,新会橙、暗柳橙、红江橙、红肉暗柳橙、茂谷柑使用酸桔砧木,其它品种(品系)使用枳壳作砧木。每年调查各试材的物候期、丰产性,并取样作室内观察品尝和理化性状分析。2结果与分析2.1各品种(品系)的物候期试验在广西柑桔研究所内进行,在桂林气候条件下,各柑桔…     

柑桔轻型设施完熟栽培病虫害的发生动态及防治

“柑桔轻型设施完熟栽培”是指以覆膜保温、控制水分和完熟采收为主要措施，以提高果实品质、提高产量和提早成熟为目的的一种柑桔保护地栽培形式。这种栽培形式在国内尚处于试验阶段。由于在设施条件下，柑桔园生态环境发生显著的变化，病虫害的发生亦必然会随之变化。因此，对设施条件下柑桔病虫害的发生动态进行观察，并提出相应的防治对策，对今后柑桔轻型设施完熟栽培的顺利推广是非常必要的。１　材料与方法 试验桔园设在位于浙中沿海的本所试验场内。土壤为滨海冲积壤土，ｐＨ７．５左右。试材为积砧宫川早熟温州蜜柑。大棚保温试验…     

宁波市晚熟柑桔树上挂果越冬试验

宁波市在浙江偏北,属柑桔经济栽培的北缘地区,全区的年平均气温15.8～16.3℃,一月平均气温一般在5℃以上,全年绝对低温出现在12月下旬和2月上旬之间,20年来绝对最低气温在-9.4℃,经常造成柑桔不同程度的冻害。为了摸索在我市的自然条件下晚熟柑桔在树上挂果越冬适期夏采的规律性和可能性,我们于1971～1974年对本市     

晚熟脐橙覆膜越冬栽培

晚熟脐橙具有良好的丰产性和果实品质。特别是由于其宝贵的晚熟特性．可以在我国目前主要栽培的中熟脐橙应市期结束以后陆续成熟上市。因此,发展晚熟脐橙对于调节我国脐橙熟期结构,更好地满足国内外夏季市场对优质柑桔鲜果的需要．都具有重要意义。重庆市政府根据重庆三峡库区冬无严寒霜冻的良好的自然气象条件,决定在重庆三峡库区建设我国最大的晚熟鲜柑桔生产基地。     

奉节县晚熟柑桔产业发展对策研究

为缓解中熟柑桔生产产能相对过剩、销售日益困难的现实,重庆市奉节县大力发展晚熟柑桔。文章对奉节发展晚熟脐橙的必要性、生态适应性、品种选择、区域布局、关键技术研发及运行模式等进行了分析研究,以期为奉节晚熟柑桔栽培提供相关的理论基础和生产实践参考。     

茂谷柑果实日灼、粒化原因分析

茂谷柑(即默科特桔橙)是美国佛罗里达州迈阿密农业试验所用宽皮柑桔与甜橙杂交育成的后代,是佛罗里达州的主栽品种之一。具有晚熟,品质佳,结果性能好,外形美观等优点,可望成为我区调整柑桔产期结构的优良品种之一。1998年我们从台湾引入试种,2000年开始结果,结果性能及品质均表     

沃柑在江永县的种植表现及关键栽培技术

湖南省江永县地处湘南边陲,属晚熟柑桔栽培的适宜气候区。2012年3月引入沃柑接穗高接换种观察,2013年春种植枳砧嫁接苗。文章详细阐述了沃柑在湖南省江永县生态条件下主要物候期特征、嫁接在不同砧木上的栽培表现及抗逆性差异、主要优缺点及关键栽培技术。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量